scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF 10-YEAR WALKING TRAJECTORIES WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS: ADULT CHANGES IN THOUGHT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S20-S20
Author(s):  
Paul Gardiner ◽  
Barbara J Jefferis ◽  
KatieRose Richmere ◽  
Andrea Z LaCroix ◽  
Paul K Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Function Data ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Trajectory Group

Abstract We identified trajectories of older adults’ walking and their associations with cognitive function. Data on walking (days/week) were collected at baseline of the Adult Changes in Thought study and every two years for 10 years. Cognitive function was assessed by the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) at year 12. Group-based trajectory analyses identified trajectories among 763 participants (baseline age 70±5 years, 60% female). Regression models, adjusted for baseline sociodemographic and health factors, examined associations with cognitive function. Five walking trajectories were identified: consistently inactive (18.1%), medium active (21.9%), early decline (15.8%), late decline (18.4%), and consistently active (25.8%). Mean CASI score was 92.0 (SD 6.9). CASI scores were lower in early b = -1.66 (95%CI: -2.97, -0.35) and late decline b = -1.89 (-3.26, -0.51) groups, with no difference in consistently active and inactive groups, compared to the medium active trajectory group. Ten-year walking trajectories may determine late-life cognitive function.

Duration of Poverty and Subsequent Cognitive Function and Decline Among Older Adults in China, 2005–2018

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012343
Author(s):  
Xuexin Yu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lindsay C. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Statistical Yearbook

Objective:To investigate the relationship between late-life duration of poverty exposure and cognitive function and decline among older adults in China.Methods:Data were from 3,209 participants aged ≥64 in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Duration of poverty, defined according to urban and rural regional standards from the China Statistical Yearbook, was assessed based on annual household income from 2005-2011 (never in poverty; 1/3 of the period in poverty; ≥2/3 of the period in poverty). Cognitive function was measured by the Chinese Mini Mental State Exam (CMMSE) from 2011-2018. We used attrition-weighted, multivariable mixed-effects Tobit regression to examine the association of duration of poverty with cognitive function and rate of decline.Results:A total of 1,162 individuals (36.21%) were never in poverty over the period from 2005-2011, 1,172 (36.52%) were in poverty 1/3 of the period, and 875 (27.27%) were in poverty ≥2/3 of the period. A longer poverty duration was associated with lower subsequent CMMSE scores with a dose-response relationship (1/3 vs. never in poverty: β = -0.98; 95% CI: -1.61 to -0.35; ≥2/3 vs. never in poverty: β = -1.55; 95% CI: -2.29 to -0.81). However, a longer duration of poverty was associated with a slower rate of CMMSE score decline over time from 2011-2018.Conclusion:These findings provide valuable evidence on the role of cumulative late-life poverty in relation to cognitive health among older adults in a rapidly urbanizing and aging middle-income country. Our findings may support a compensation hypothesis for cognitive reserve in this setting.

Abstract P268: Greater Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes as Compared to Non-diabetic Controls: Results From the Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID)

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Lacy ◽  
Paola Gilsanz ◽  
Chloe Eng ◽  
Michal S Beeri ◽  
Andrew J Karter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Introduction: Studies have shown poorer cognitive function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as compared to non-diabetic peers. However, little is known about cognitive function in older adults with T1D. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that older adults with T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) would have greater cognitive impairment than age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education-matched controls without diabetes. Methods: We compared baseline cognitive impairment among older adults (aged ≥60) from the Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID) with T1D (n=771), T2D (=234) and no diabetes (n=253). Cognitive tests assessed three cognitive domains identified via factor analysis (language, executive function, episodic memory). All cognitive test scores were standardized and cognitive impairment was defined as 1.5 SD below the mean. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity, we examined the association between diabetes status (T1D, T2D or no diabetes) and cognition on each cognitive domain and on global cognition (average of scores on the 3 domains). Results: In adjusted regression models, compared to older adults without diabetes, those with T1D were more likely to have impaired cognitive function on the language (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.17) and executive function domains (OR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.36, 5.22). No significant differences in global cognitive impairment or impairment on the episodic memory domain were observed for T1D and no significant differences on any domain were observed for T2D. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that older adults with T1D have greater cognitive impairment than their peers without diabetes; findings were specific to the language and executive function domains, with episodic memory being unaffected. No increase in cognitive impairment was observed for older adults with T2D. Additional research is needed to understand the causes and potentially modifiable factors associated with impaired cognition among older adults with T1D.

scholarly journals Education and Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Span

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lövdén ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
M. Maria Glymour ◽  
Ulman Lindenberger ◽  
Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Positive Effects

Cognitive abilities are important predictors of educational and occupational performance, socioeconomic attainment, health, and longevity. Declines in cognitive abilities are linked to impairments in older adults’ everyday functions, but people differ from one another in their rates of cognitive decline over the course of adulthood and old age. Hence, identifying factors that protect against compromised late-life cognition is of great societal interest. The number of years of formal education completed by individuals is positively correlated with their cognitive function throughout adulthood and predicts lower risk of dementia late in life. These observations have led to the propositions that prolonging education might (a) affect cognitive ability and (b) attenuate aging-associated declines in cognition. We evaluate these propositions by reviewing the literature on educational attainment and cognitive aging, including recent analyses of data harmonized across multiple longitudinal cohort studies and related meta-analyses. In line with the first proposition, the evidence indicates that educational attainment has positive effects on cognitive function. We also find evidence that cognitive abilities are associated with selection into longer durations of education and that there are common factors (e.g., parental socioeconomic resources) that affect both educational attainment and cognitive development. There is likely reciprocal interplay among these factors, and among cognitive abilities, during development. Education–cognitive ability associations are apparent across the entire adult life span and across the full range of education levels, including (to some degree) tertiary education. However, contrary to the second proposition, we find that associations between education and aging-associated cognitive declines are negligible and that a threshold model of dementia can account for the association between educational attainment and late-life dementia risk. We conclude that educational attainment exerts its influences on late-life cognitive function primarily by contributing to individual differences in cognitive skills that emerge in early adulthood but persist into older age. We also note that the widespread absence of educational influences on rates of cognitive decline puts constraints on theoretical notions of cognitive aging, such as the concepts of cognitive reserve and brain maintenance. Improving the conditions that shape development during the first decades of life carries great potential for improving cognitive ability in early adulthood and for reducing public-health burdens related to cognitive aging and dementia.

Properties of the Cognitive Function Battery for the MIND Diet Intervention to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kristin R. Krueger ◽  
Klodian Dhana ◽  
Neelum T. Aggarwal ◽  
Konstantinos Arfanakis ◽  
Vincent J. Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Mind Diet

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the properties of the cognitive battery used in the MIND Diet Intervention to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease. The MIND Diet Intervention is a randomized control trial to determine the relative effectiveness of the MIND diet in slowing cognitive decline and reducing brain atrophy in older adults at risk for Alzheimer’s dementia. Methods: The MIND cognitive function battery was administered at baseline to 604 participants of an average age of 70 years, who agreed to participate in the diet intervention study, and was designed to measure change over time. The battery included 12 cognitive tests, measuring the 4 cognitive domains of executive function, perceptual speed, episodic memory, and semantic memory. We conducted a principal component analysis to examine the consistency between our theoretical domains and the statistical performance of participants in each domain. To further establish the validity of each domain, we regressed the domain scores against a late-life cognitive activity score, controlling for age, race, sex, and years of education. Results: Four factors emerged in the principal component analyses that were similar to the theoretical domains. In regression equations, we found the expected associations with age, education, and late-life cognitive activity with each of the four cognitive domains. Conclusions: These results indicate that the MIND cognitive battery is a comprehensive and valid battery of four separate domains of cognitive function that can be used in diet intervention trials for older adults.

scholarly journals Lifelong Engagement: The Role of Cognitive Reserve and Physical Health in Very Late Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 779-780
Author(s):  
Peter Martin ◽  
Bradley Willcox ◽  
D Craig Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Occupational Complexity

Abstract At the end of a very long life, older adults often experience a significant decline in cognitive function. However, there are older adults who have maintained high levels of cognition and physical health. The purpose of this symposium is to illuminate interdisciplinary findings of cognitive engagement with late-life benefits of cognitive functioning and physical health. Components of cognitive reserve include sociodemographic variables (e.g., education, occupational complexity and responsibility), psychosocial variables (e.g., engaged life style and activity) and physical and genetic reserve (e.g., strength, APOE4). Based on three major research studies (the Japanese SONIC study; the Honolulu Asia Aging Study, HAAS; and the Georgia Centenarian Study, GCS), we highlight important aspects of building cognitive reserve and the implications for cognitive and physical health. The first presentation evaluates the importance of work complexity as a predictor of cognitive and physical health among participants of the SONIC study. Multiple group analyses yielded strong associations of occupational complexity with cognitive functioning for men. The second presentation reports logistic regression findings from the HAAS including education, strength and genetic markers, as well as mental health and their relatedness to cognitive abilities and physical health. The final presentation evaluates a structural equation model from the GCS, highlighting the interrelationship of cognitive reserve components (i.e., education, occupational responsibility, engaged lifestyle, social support, and activity) with cognitive and physical health in very late life. We will summarize and integrate the findings for their theoretical and practical implications and provide future directions.

scholarly journals Correlates of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults with Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaRita C. Jones ◽  
Olivio J. Clay ◽  
Fernando Ovalle ◽  
Andrea Cherrington ◽  
Michael Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Specific Health

Investigators examined correlates of depressive symptoms within a sample of older adults with diabetes. Participants completed a structured telephone interview with measures including depressive symptoms, health conditions, cognitive function, and diabetes distress. Correlations and hierarchical linear regression models were utilized to examine bivariate and covariate-adjusted correlates of depressive symptoms. The sample included 246 community-dwelling adults with diabetes (≥65 years old). In bivariate analyses, African Americans, individuals with specific health issues (neuropathy, stroke, respiratory issues, arthritis, and cardiac issues), and those with higher levels of diabetes distress reported more depressive symptoms. Older age, higher education, more income, and better cognitive function were inversely associated with depressive symptoms. In the final covariate-adjusted regression model, stroke (B= .22,p<.001), cognitive function (B= −.14,p<.01), and higher levels of diabetes-related distress (B= .49,p<.001) each were uniquely associated with more depressive symptoms. Diabetes distress partially mediated the associations between cardiac issues and depressive symptoms and between cognitive function and depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that interventions targeted at helping older adults manage their diabetes-related distress and reducing the likelihood of experiencing additional health complications may reduce depressive symptoms within this population.

scholarly journals Examining Cognitive Function and Self-Esteem of Middle Aged and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 893-893
Author(s):  
Daniela Catarino ◽  
Colin Adams
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Aged

Abstract Research shows that self-esteem and well-being have strong correlations to cognitive abilities. People with high self-esteem, compared to those with a low self-esteem, tend to evaluate themselves as more favorable after both high and low performance. However, less research has been conducted on self confidence among the older population and how this can potentially negatively or positively influence the aging process. The purpose of the study was to see if there is an effect of age on cognitive function. The second aim was to see if there is an effect of cognitive function on self-esteem. The first hypothesis was that middle-aged adults would exhibit higher cognitive functioning than older adults. The second hypothesis was that those with lower cognition would exhibit lower self-esteem. A secondary analysis of data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) was performed on 60 randomly selected individuals from a total of 3,005 participants. A 2 x 2 chi square test revealed that the younger group (63%) compared to the older group (37%) were significantly more likely to exhibit perfect cognitive functions (versus not), χ² (1) = 4.27, p &lt; .05. A One-Way ANOVA revealed no significant main effect of cognitive function on self-esteem, F(1, 58) = 2.97, p = .09. This suggests that cognitive functions are more likely to decline as one ages but cognitive function alone might not strongly influence self-esteem. Future research should aim to understand under what conditions confidence influences cognitive function to promote healthy interventions for successful aging.

scholarly journals FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS: A NEIGHBORHOOD RESOURCE FOR COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG AGING AMERICANS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S27-S27
Author(s):  
Jessica M Finlay ◽  
Philippa Clarke ◽  
Mike Esposito ◽  
Iris Gomez-Lopez ◽  
Suzanne Judd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sequential Design ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Mental Stimulation ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Community Spaces ◽  
Neighborhood Resource

Abstract In this exploratory mixed-methods sequential design study, interviews with 125 adults aged 55-92 (mean age 71) living in the Minneapolis (Minnesota) metropolitan area suggest that large-chain fast-food restaurants such as McDonald’s may serve as reservoirs of cognitive function. Thematic analysis revealed perceived benefits of fast-food settings for older adults including familiarity and comfort; affordability; sociability with friends, family, staff, and customers; and entertainment (e.g., newspapers, crosswords). To further test these observations, we analyzed data from urban and suburban REGARDS participants. Preliminary multilevel regression models found that participants residing within 5 kilometers of a McDonald’s restaurant exhibited higher cognitive function than similar individuals who live further from said organizations (b=0.31; se=0.12). The results complicate understanding of fast-food settings and prompt further research that tests whether restaurants can serve as community spaces for older adults to help buffer against cognitive decline by fostering social interaction and mental stimulation.

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