Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Masa COVID-19: Strategi Guru Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini

oronavirus Disease (COVID-19) causes learning to be done remotely from home. Distance Learning is a new thing in the world of education, especially Early Childhood Education (ECE). Children's creativity in early childhood learning is important to be maximized to reduce delays in achieving child development. This paper aims to see how the teacher's strategy in increasing children's creativity in distance learning. This research uses a qualitative research type. The data sources of this study were (1) Primary data sources, namely the principal, class teacher, and 5 students' parents. (2) Secondary data sources, namely supporting data that presents general data such as online articles, previous research, and books. Technique of data collection using observation, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis was carried out using the concept developed by Miles and Huberman, consisting of data reduction, data display, and concluding. The results showed that the strategy used by the teacher in the Implementation of Distance Learning at TK IT An-Nahl used several applications, namely: Google Meet, playing youtube videos and working on worksheets. Children's creativity at TK ITAn-Nahl can be done by creating works of art, imagination, exploration, experimentation, projects, and language. Factors that influence children's creativity in TK IT An-Nahl, namely: mental stimulation, mood, the role of parents, the role of teachers, and finances. The findings of this study contribute to an understanding of how the strategies used by teachers are to increase early childhood creativity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The training needs of primary school leaders in Al-Kharj governorate in light of the transformational leadership requirements: الاحتياجات التدريبية لدى قائدي المدارس الابتدائية بمحافظة الخرج في ضوء متطلبات القيادة التحويلية

The study aimed to determine the training needs of primary school leaders in Al-Kharj governorate in light of the transformational leadership requirements from their point of view regarding the dimensions of (leadership attractiveness - inspirational communication - mental stimulation - personal appreciation). The researcher used the descriptive survey approach. It was applied on a sample of (44) Leader in primary schools in Al-Kharj governorate and the tool was a questionnaire. The results of the study revealed; The tool obtained an overall mean (3.38 out of 4) at the dimensional level; The leadership attractiveness dimension got the highest average (3.50 out of 4), then after inspirational communication with an average (3.40 out of 4), then after personal appreciation with an average (3.37 out of 4), and finally after mental stimulation with an average (3.26 out of 4), all of them rated as need (big); based on the results of the study, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

Rethinking the education potential of older adults to delay the onset of dementia

This paper demonstrates the effects of education on cognitive functioning which could serve as an alternative preventive method to halt or delay cognitive decline in older adults. The purpose of this proposal is to discuss and illustrate the benefits of improving cognitive ability through continuing education. As such, taking advantage of educational programmes that are already in place would not only provide mental stimulation for older adults, but would be a source for social networking, as well as technology training and physical education activities. To establish a link between cognition and education, this paper provides examples from a number of studies as well as a review of a longitudinal study on educational differences in the prevalence of dementia. The findings of this systematic review revealed a connection between cognitive decline and education after considering regions and economic status. Suggestions from these reviews imply that keeping one’s mind stimulated could be influential in delaying the onset of dementia resulting in possibly extending the time older adults are independent.

Simple but Complex—A Laying Hen Study as Proof of Concept of a Novel Method for Cognitive Enrichment and Research

Enrichment can reduce stress and stereotypic behavior and therefore enhance captive animal welfare. In cognitive enrichment, cognitive tasks engage and challenge the animals' natural behavioral repertoire and provide mental stimulation. Enrichment with similarities to “puzzle boxes” in cognitive research is widespread in zoos but rarely applied in commercial farming, as it requires costly time and effort. Here, we introduce a flexible method for cognitive enrichment and research. The test battery apparatus (TBA) is a configurable cubic box with frames for interchangeable test panels, each holding a problem-solving task that must be solved for a food reward. As a proof of concept, we report observations and first results from two groups of laying hens (Gallus gallus forma domestica; 52 birds in total) to show the TBA's feasibility in commercial farming and to investigate the animals' spontaneous interaction with four test panels. While we could not reliably identify individuals, we found the majority of the hens highly motivated to engage with the device. At least five individuals in each group were successful and there was a significant gradient of success rates across the four panels. As the implementation and maintenance required little time and effort, the TBA is promising as a cognitive enrichment device in farm settings. Its potentially limitless configurations allow diverse opportunities for cognitive and behavioral engagement in the long term. While further studies will be crucial to validate welfare effects and problem-solving tasks, the TBA is simple in its application but complex in its possibilities.

Exploring the feasibility of an individual cognitive stimulation therapy application and related technology for use by people with dementia and carers in Indonesia: A mixed-method study

Background Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is a psychosocial intervention for people with dementia and can benefit cognition and quality of life. A touch-screen individualised CST (iCST) application has been developed to improve on accessibility and provide increased interactivity. This study aimed to explore the attitudes of people with dementia, carers and healthcare professionals in Indonesia towards the iCST application and related technology. Methods Four focus groups were organised: one comprising family carers ( n = 3), two comprising people with dementia and family carers ( n = 12) and one made up of family carers and home care workers ( n = 3). Participants discussed the uses of technology, tried out the iCST application and completed a usability and acceptability questionnaire. Furthermore, 21 healthcare professionals attended an expert meeting to discuss the potential of implementing the iCST application in the community. Results Attitudes towards technology were positive but lack of experience, difficulties with operating devices and a limited infrastructure to support technology were described as barriers. The iCST application was seen as an interesting tool to support mental stimulation. Compared with people with dementia, carers were more willing to use the application and rated its usability higher. Healthcare professionals were positive about the interactive features of the application and judged that it could be useful within the family context. Discussion Low-cost and low-infrastructure technology like iCST can meet the needs for stimulation of people with dementia in Indonesia and other countries. By understanding the attitudes of people with dementia and carers towards IT and their willingness to adopt technology like the iCST application, we are better placed to overcome potential obstacles to its implementation. It appears that systemic changes are needed to facilitate wider use of IT particularly in dementia care. These include needs to empower end users, strengthen access and connectivity to technology, and improve diagnostic support.

What influences uptake of psychosocial interventions by people living with early dementia? A qualitative study

Background Health policy promotes post-diagnostic support for people affected by dementia. Evidence suggests psychosocial interventions can effectively support people living with dementia after diagnosis. Yet, what influences uptake of psychosocial interventions by people with early dementia is poorly understood. This research aimed to identify influences on uptake of psychosocial interventions by people with early dementia. Methods Sixteen face-to-face semi-structured interviews with people with early dementia, either alone or with a family member(s), were completed. Twelve staff participated in semi-structured interviews or a focus group. Thematic analysis and triangulation enabled identification of overall themes across different participant groups and interview types. Main Findings Four overarching themes influencing uptake were identified: (1) adjusting to a diagnosis, (2) appeal of activities and perception of benefit, (3) service and societal context, and (4) relationships and communication. Individual responses to diagnosis, experiences of dementia and dementia services influenced uptake. Group interventions were discussed the most by all participants. Group interventions offering social contact, peer support, information, enjoyable activities and mental stimulation were valued. However, group interventions specifically aimed at people with dementia did not appeal to all. Ability to travel and convenience of locations were important. Continuing with community activities not focused on dementia was valued. Stigma around dementia appeared to discourage uptake. Emotional and practical support from family was key to facilitating uptake as were the relationships between people with dementia and staff. Conclusion A complex interplay of individual, service and societal influences affect uptake of psychosocial interventions by people with early dementia. How interventions and which services can enable people with early dementia remain engaged in their everyday lives needs consideration. Further research examining uptake of specific interventions commonly offered to people living with early dementia is needed. Involving people with early dementia in designing interventions aiming to support them is paramount.

ERECTION DISORDERS

The first physiological response to effective sexual stimulation, produced by a source of physical or mental stimulation, is the erection of the penis. Erection usually occurs within 3-8 seconds of the onset of arousal. When sexual tension and erection reach a certain level in the presence of the partner, the need for interference appears. The intensity of the erection may increase or decrease until it disappears, whether the arousal is prolonged or not. The complicated anatomical apparatus is regulated by a nervous mechanism, just as complex, being dependent to a remarkable extent on psychic influences. By the strong interweaving of these two components - psychological and functional - the sexual function is subject to changes. Erectile dysfunction, when it occurs, is obvious because, although there may be libido, the lack of an erection makes it impossible to perform sexual intercourse. Erectile dysfunction should not be confused with isolated or occasional failures to obtain or maintain a penile erection. They do not constitute a condition or disease that justifies medical attention and should be perceived as absolutely normal. The vast majority of men face such an episode at some point in their lives. One can speak of erectile dysfunction in the case of a recurrent or persistent inability to obtain an erection or to maintain it long enough to complete sexual intercourse, which lasts at least three months. It is especially important because in a normal activity, without erection, intercourse, ejaculation and orgasm cannot take place. (Pathologically, premature ejaculation can occur, without an erection, in the form of pollution!)

An Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy App for People With Dementia: Development and Usability Study of Thinkability

Background There is a lack of technological resources for the mental stimulation and communication of people with dementia, which can be helpful in improving cognition and quality of life. Paper-based individual cognitive stimulation therapy (iCST) for people with dementia has the potential to be adapted to a touchscreen format. This can improve accessibility and provide mental stimulation using interactive features. There is a need for a rigorous and systematic approach toward development, leading to improved suitability and implementation of the intervention, so that more people can benefit from its use. Objective This study aims to develop and investigate the usability of Thinkability, an iCST app that can be used by people with dementia and carers on touchscreen tablets. Methods The Medical Research Council framework for evaluating complex interventions and the Centre for eHealth Research roadmap served as frameworks for the stages of intervention and technology development. The development of the iCST app itself adopted an agile approach with elements from action research. Hence, it was developed in 3 successive sprints and was evaluated by relevant stakeholders at each sprint. Sprint 1 included 2 patient and public involvement (PPI) consultation meetings, sprint 2 included 1 PPI consultation meeting, and 4 focus groups and 10 individual interviews were organized in sprint 3. A feasibility trial is currently underway. Results The findings from each sprint were used to inform the development. Sprint 1 helped to identify the relevant evidence base and explored the attitudes of people with dementia and carers toward a potential iCST app. In sprint 2, an initial prototype was evaluated in a small PPI consultation meeting. In sprint 3, feedback was gathered through a qualitative study on the quality and perceived effectiveness of the iCST app. It was well received by people with dementia and carers. A need for more updated and personalized content was highlighted. Conclusions This study proves that an agile approach toward technology development involving all relevant stakeholders is effective in creating suitable technology. Adding to our previous knowledge of noncomputerized cognitive stimulation therapy, the release of the iCST app will make this psychosocial intervention accessible to more users worldwide.

Does participation in acoustic experiments improve welfare in captive animals? A case study of three grey seals (Halichoerus grypus)

Both mental and physiological conditions determine the well-being state in an animal. Enrichment is a way to increase an animals’ well-being and may require problem solving through thinking, tolerance of ambiguity, openness, and intrinsic motivation. It is unclear if it is enriching when an animal participates in different types of research. Therefore, it is important to answer the question of whether research can be used as an enrichment tool in zoological facilities. Here, we examine if participation in psychophysical research affected the mental stimulation of three grey seals under human care. The effects varied amongst the three individuals that took part in the research, and indicated that their participation in the research task was dependent on their individual personalities and life history. Two seals indicated that their involvement in the research was positive and motivating, and therefore can be considered enriching. In comparison, the third seal displayed a tendency for frustration and low motivation. Our results indicate that research can be a powerful enrichment tool with animals that find research motivating.

MOTIVASI KERJA, KEPUASAN KERJA, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, DAN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR (OCB)

The purpose of this study to analyze the influence of work motivation, job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational commitment as implemented in vocational teachers mediasi.Penelitian Gayamsari District Semarang with a sample of 160 teacher.Teknik analysis technique used is Structural Equation Model (SEM) with software AMOS Ver 22.Hasil this study indicate that the causal relationships between variables significantly.The results of this study explains that variabel motivation and commitment is an important factor for improving the quality of learning, because as mental stimulation which is owned by a person in doing voluntary work as guru. But attitude as a form of job satisfaction should be encouraged in the interests of the organization. All of these will be able to bring more students to study in earnest