scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF OBESITY THROUGH THE LIFECOURSE ON LATER-LIFE FUNCTIONING AND DEPENDENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S48-S49
Author(s):  
Carol Jagger
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Timing Of Onset ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Populations worldwide are seeing rising levels of obesity and its health consequences, particularly diabetes. Levels of childhood obesity are particularly high with concerns of how this will affect individuals’ health and functioning in mid and later life. Such research questions are difficult to answer as ideally they require longitudinal studies of cohorts from birth or childhood through to later life, with consistent measures of obesity and functioning throughout. The first two presentations in this session use the unique UK birth cohorts, the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (1946-NSHD) and the 1958 National Child Development Study (1958-NCDS) with a focus on poor physical functioning (PF, i.e. the ability to perform physical tasks of daily living) in later life. Poor PF was defined as the lowest (gender and cohort-specific) 10% on the Short-form 36 subscale at 60-64y (1946-NSHD) and 50y (1958-NCDS). The presentations explore (i) how the timing of onset and duration of obesity, from childhood through to mid-life, affects later life PF, and (ii) whether the relationship between obesity and PF is mediated by physical inactivity. In the final presentation we utilise a new dynamic micro-simulation model, the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) which simulates the ageing of a base population of individuals aged 35 years and over from three longitudinal studies (Understanding Society, the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing, and the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II) to examine the extent to which reducing obesity in mid life could potentially reduce later dependency and care needs.

scholarly journals Adult obesity and mid-life physical functioning in two British birth cohorts: investigating the mediating role of physical inactivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-856
Author(s):  
Snehal M Pinto Pereira ◽  
Bianca L De Stavola ◽  
Nina T Rogers ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Rachel Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Development

Abstract Background Associations between obesity and physical inactivity are bi-directional. Both are associated with physical functioning (PF, ability to perform physical tasks of daily living) but whether obesity influences PF via inactivity is unknown. We investigated whether mid-adult obesity trajectories were associated with subsequent PF and mediated by inactivity. Methods Body mass index (BMI; kg/m²) and inactivity were recorded at: 36, 43, 53 and 60–64 years in the 1946 Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development (1946-NSHD; n = 2427), and at 33, 42 and 50 years in the 1958 National Child Development Study (1958-NCDS; n = 8674). Poor PF was defined as the lowest (gender and cohort-specific) 10% on the Short-form 36 Physical Component Summary subscale at 60–64 years (1946-NSHD) and 50 years (1958-NCDS). Estimated randomized-interventional-analogue natural direct (rNDE) and indirect (rNIE) effects of obesity trajectories on PF via inactivity are expressed as risk ratios [overall total effect (rTE) is rNDE multiplied by rNIE]. Results In both cohorts, most individuals (∼68%) were never obese in adulthood, 16–30% became obese and ≤11% were always obese. In 1946-NSHD, rTE of incident obesity at 43 years (vs never) on poor PF was 2.32 (1.13, 3.51); at 53 years it was 1.53 (0.91, 2.15). rNIEs via inactivity were 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) and 1.02 (0.99, 1.04), respectively. Estimated rTE of persistent obesity from 36 years was 2.91 (1.14, 4.69), with rNIE of 1.03 (0.96, 1.10). In 1958-NCDS, patterns of association were similar, albeit weaker. Conclusions Longer duration of obesity was associated with increased risk of poor PF. Inactivity played a small mediating role. Findings reinforce the importance of preventing and delaying obesity onset to protect against poor PF.

The mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and god image among Turkish Muslims

2021 ◽  
pp. 008467242110472
Author(s):  
Ferdi Kıraç
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
God Image ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Childhood maltreatment is widespread in predominantly Muslim countries. However, the research investigating the impact of childhood maltreatment on the adult survivors’ religious and spiritual lives has mainly focused on Western Judeo-Christian samples. Considering cross-cultural differences in religious beliefs, in this study, we investigated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and god image, and the mediating role of self-esteem in a sample of Muslim Turkish adults. Eight hundred two participants completed Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form, God Perception Scale, and Self-Esteem Scale. Findings revealed that all childhood maltreatment subtypes predicted negative image of god and self-esteem mediated some of the negative effects of each maltreatment subtype on god image. The study also found that emotional neglect was the most prominent predictor of negative image of god, followed by emotional abuse. Based on attachment theory, we concluded that the emotional component of childhood maltreatment had more long-lasting adverse consequences in survivors’s relationship with god in Muslim adults.

scholarly journals Modern Life as a Factor of Childhood Obesity: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Warly Neves de Araujo ◽  
Randra Karoline Rodrigues Inacio ◽  
Amanda Aguiar Barros ◽  
Daniela Santos do Nascimento ◽  
Eva Coelho da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ideal Weight ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Childhood obesity has grown worryingly on a global scale one of the biggest influencers are technological advances exposed early to children. Therefore, this study aimed to seek in the literature the relationship between modernity and the high incidence of children above their ideal weight. The research is a systematic literature review on the factors that are linked to the high prevalence of children above their ideal weight today. After the analysis of the studies, it is notorious the impact generated by technology on the health and development of children when they are used early. Concluding the present study that the negative factors that have been contributing to the triggering of childhood obesity are: passive habits, that is, little physical activity, the large number of hours spent in front of TV, video game, DVD between Other electronic devices this combined with poor consumption feeding of high fat and sugar products and lack of physical exercise are factors that reflect a negative response in children’s lives favoring body fat accumulation.

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND THE BIG SIX VOCATIONAL INTERESTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayiana Mitevska ◽  
◽  
Paulina Tsvetkova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Career Choices ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Big Six ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

"A central theme in the present study is the assumption that the influence on the human behavior is mediated by different internal processes in the career choice. Emotional intelligence is defined as a variable which is a cause for the relationship between personality traits and the choice of a certain career. Three causal paths to the dependent variable were tracked – a path to the direct impact of the emotional intelligence on the career choice, a path to the influence of personality traits on the emotional intelligence as well as a path to the impact of personality traits on the career choice via the emotional intelligence. The aim of the study is to show the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between personality traits and career choice. A total of 100 Bulgarian secondary and university students (42 males and 58 females), aged 17-40 years, were included in the research. The following measures were used for the purpose of the study - Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Short Form (TEIQue-SF), The Big five questionnaire and the Big six method for career choices. The Bulgarian version of the emotional intelligence questionnaire was translated and adapted for Bulgarian sociocultural context by Antonina Kardasheva (Kardasheva, 2012). The Big five questionnaire and the Big six method for career choices were adapted for Bulgarian conditions by S. Karabelyova (Karabelyova, 2015). The results showed that there was a direct positive impact of the emotional intelligence on the relationship between the enterprising type and conscientiousness, the artistic type and neuroticism and a negative impact on the relationship between the conventional type and extraversion. The conclusions derived from the study could be used for further psychological research in the field, as well as for enhancing the knowledge of one’s personality."

Can adult education change extremist attitudes?

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Preston ◽  
Leon Feinstein ◽  
T. Marion Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
General Population ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Education Change ◽  
Conditional Association ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although adult education leads to a moderation of racist or authoritarian attitudes amongst the general population, little is known concerning the impact of adult education on individuals with extremist racist–authoritarian views. In this paper we group individuals from the NCDS (National Child Development Study) into various racist–authoritarian categories at ages 33 and 42 using cluster analysis. Following this identification we test various hypothesis concerning the relationship between adult education and attitude change. In particular, questioning whether adult education can transform attitudes amongst those with racist–authoritarian attitudes and/or whether adult education can sustain non-extremist views. Although there is evidence of a conditional association between adult education and sustaining non-extremist views we are sceptical concerning the ability of adult education to change extremist positions. We conclude that further work on the mechanisms linking education and extremist attitudes is required if we are to identify causal processes.

scholarly journals Impact of Internet Gaming Disorder on Self-Appraisal Among University Students: Moderating Role of Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-471
Author(s):  
Amna Rasheed ◽  
Sadaf Ahsan ◽  
Sadaf Zaheer
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of internet gaming disorder on self-appraisal. Moreover, role of gender as a moderator on the relationship between internet gaming disorder and self-appraisal among university students was also explored. A sample of 300 students was collected through purposive sampling technique, from different universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The participant’s age range was 18-28 years. Self-report measures i.e., Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-short form (Pontes & Griffiths, 2015) and Core Self Evaluation Scale (Judge, Erez, Bono, & Thoresen, 2003) were administered. Results yielded that internet gaming disorder negatively predicted self-appraisal among university students. Moreover, gender worked as a significant moderator on the relationship between internet gaming disorder and self-appraisal. The independent sample t-test showed that males reported a higher level of internet gaming disorder as compared to females. Males showed less self-appraisal as compared to females. This study will help to identify the effects of internet gaming disorder on self-appraisal among university students. Furthermore, intervention plans can also be developed for students by decreasing their gaming activity and increasing their self-appraisal and bringing them back to their normal life.

scholarly journals Social Support Moderates the Impact of Marital Transitions on Depression for Older Adult Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 927-927
Author(s):  
Julia Tucker ◽  
Nicholas Bishop ◽  
Kaipeng Wang ◽  
Farya Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Social Strain ◽  
Marital Transitions ◽  
Marital Transition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Given the rapid growth of older Americans and the increased incidence of divorce among this population, it is paramount to identify negative health outcomes following marital transition and investigate the potential protective role of social support. Our study aims to identify relationships between change in depression and marital transitions, test whether social support moderates this association, and to examine variation by gender. The sample included 3,705 participants from the Health and Retirement Study, who reported being married or partnered in 2012. Changes in marital status were measured between 2012 and 2014 (remained married/partnered (reference), divorced/separated, and widowed). Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression short form (CESD-8). Three types of social support from family, friends, and children were assessed: social support, social strain, and social contact. Autoregressive multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between change in depression, marital transitions, social support, and gender. Widowhood and social strain were independently associated with an increase in CESD-8 scores between 2012 and 2014. Significant interactions between social support and social strain, and separation/divorce were identified, and the relationship between social support, depression, and divorce varied by gender. Change in depression was positively associated with social support for separated/divorced females, but not separated/divorced males. These results indicate that social support may modify the influence of divorce on changes in depression among recently divorced older females. These findings can help mental health service providers more effectively target older adults at the greatest risk of depression after experiencing a marital transition.

scholarly journals Changing Impact of Obesity on Active Life Expectancy of Older Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1944-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan S Zhang ◽  
Yasuhiko Saito ◽  
Eileen M Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Active Life Expectancy ◽  
Health States ◽  
Active Life ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The rise in the number and earlier age of onset of obese persons has raised critical concerns about consequences of obesity; however, recent evidence suggests that the impact of obesity on health outcomes may have changed. This study aims to assess the change of the impact of obesity on active life expectancy among Americans aged 70 years and older over almost two decades, 1993–1998 to 2010–2014. Methods For each period, we use three waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study to estimate age-specific transition probabilities between health states. The average number of years active and disabled is calculated with Interpolated Markov Chain software based on estimated transition probabilities. Results Overall obesity and severe obesity increased markedly over time yet active life expectancy expanded for all individuals and the increases are greater among the obese and women. Increases in total and active life expectancy occurred because of the changing association of obesity with disability and mortality. Conclusions Individuals at age 70 years in the later period in each weight group could expect to live a smaller proportion of remaining life with activities of daily living disability than those in the earlier period. High levels of obesity continue to have significant adverse effects on the quality of life. The increasing prevalence of severe obesity and the growing number of older persons may result in substantial additional health care needs and costs. Continued effort to improve cardiovascular health is required to control the burden of obesity in later life in an era of rising obesity.

scholarly journals OBESITY AND MIDLIFE PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING IN TWO BRITISH BIRTH COHORTS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S49-S49
Author(s):  
Snehal Pinto Pereira ◽  
Bianca L De Stavola ◽  
Nina T Rogers ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Rachel Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Risk Ratios

Abstract Associations between obesity and physical inactivity are bi-directional. Both are associated with physical functioning (PF) but whether obesity influences PF via inactivity is unknown. We investigated whether mid-adult obesity trajectories were associated with subsequent PF and mediated by inactivity in the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (1946-NSHD; N=2,427) and the 1958 National Child Development Study (1958-NCDS; N=8,674). Estimated randomised-interventional-analogue natural direct (rNDE), indirect (rNIE) and total (rTE=rNDExrNIE) effects of obesity trajectories on PF via inactivity are expressed as risk ratios. In 1946-NSHD, rTE of incident obesity at 43y (vs never) on poor PF=2.32(1.13,3.51); at 53y=1.53(0.91,2.15). rNIEs via inactivity were 1.02(0.97,1.07) and 1.02(0.99,1.04) respectively. Estimated rTE of persistent obesity from 36y=2.91(1.14,4.69), with rNIE of 1.03(0.96,1.10). Longer obesity duration was associated with increased risk of poor PF. Inactivity played a small mediating role. Findings reinforce the importance of preventing and delaying obesity onset to protect against poor PF.

The impact of obstacles defined by developmental antecedents on resilience in leadership formation

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Howard ◽  
Justin A. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Differentiation Of Self ◽  
Emerging Leaders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Developmental Experiences ◽  
Leadership Formation ◽  
Developmental Antecedents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to report findings from research conducted that links the role of obstacles defined by developmental antecedents to the level of resilience within a leader. Design/methodology/approach – The study reflects responses from 167 participants and utilizes leadership antecedents categories, the Differentiation of Self Inventory, Short Form and the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale. Findings – The results demonstrate that resiliency is positively correlated with both the leadership antecedents and differentiation of self. In light of the research findings, the authors will highlight the relationship between resiliency and the leadership antecedents (including developmental assignments, developmental relationships, developmental experiences, and developmental training), highlight the relationship between resiliency and differentiation of self, and provide rationale for the absence of a relationship between differentiation of self and the leadership antecedents. Research limitations/implications – The study does not demonstrate how the developmental antecedents might work in combination with one another to develop resiliency. Therefore, one recommendation would be to further verify the interrelationship of developmental antecedents and the nature of their relationship with leader resiliency. If research can determine the interrelationship of these developmental antecedents on the development of resilience, then implications exist within the leadership formation process and for new forms of leadership training. Originality/value – Based on the findings, the authors intend to provide an argument for why obstacles and developmental experiences are a logical and necessary part of the formation process for leaders and suggest the importance of emerging leaders attending to this dimension of their own leadership formation journey.

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