scholarly journals THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IDENTIFYING A TIPPING POINT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S598-S598
Author(s):  
Lorraine Martin-Plank ◽  
Lori Martin-Plank ◽  
Beverly Heasley ◽  
Cheryl L Lacasse ◽  
Linda R Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Residential Setting ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Proactive Monitoring

Abstract Defining a Tipping Point as seemingly abrupt, severe, and absolute vividly illustrates the end result of the consequence of not responding to impending events. Failure to detect an impending tipping point can result in unplanned consequences including falls, fractures, emergency care, a change in family caregiving situation, and a cascade of events leading to devastating permanent changes in chosen living arrangements or even death to the aging adult and the family caregiver. Proactive monitoring with a wearable device that can detect subtle changes in daily routines is a valuable tool, which caregiving families can use for decision support in accessing long term support services or planning for change in environment or level of care. Using this definition of tipping points and describing early changes can also be a valuable tool for clinicians when communicating potentially dangerous situations to the older adult and caregivers in the home or senior residential setting.

scholarly journals Climate Tipping Points: Can they trigger a Global Cascade?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Armstrong McKay ◽  
Arie Staal ◽  
Sarah Cornell ◽  
Timothy Lenton ◽  
Ingo Fetzer
Keyword(s):  
Tipping Point ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Positive Feedbacks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
Definition Of

<p>Over the past 15 years climate tipping points have emerged as both an important research topic and source of public concern. Some articles have suggested that some tipping points could begin within the 1.5-2<sup>o</sup>C Paris climate target range, with many more potentially starting by the ~3-4<sup>o</sup>C of warming that current policy is projected to be committed to. Recent work has also proposed that these tipping points could interact and potentially ‘cascade’ – with the impacts of passing one tipping point being sufficient to trigger the next and so on – resulting in an emergent global tipping point for a long-term commitment to a ‘Hothouse Earth’ trajectory of 4+<sup>o</sup>C (Steffen et al., 2018). However, much of the recent discussion relies largely on a decade-old characterisation of climate tipping points, based on a literature review and expert elicitation exercise. An updated characterisation would fully utilise more recent results from coupled and offline models, model inter-comparisons, and palaeoclimate studies. The ‘tipping cascade’ hypothesis has also not yet been tested, with the suggestion of 2<sup>o</sup>C as the global tipping point remaining speculative. Furthermore, the definition of what counts as a climate tipping point is often inconsistent, with some purported tipping points represented more accurately as threshold-free positive feedbacks. Here we perform an updated systematic review of climate tipping points, cataloguing the current evidence for each suggested element with reference to rigorously-applied tipping point definitions. Based on this we test the potential for a global tipping cascade using a stylised model, from which we will present preliminary results.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Steffen, W., et al.: Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 115(33), 8252–8259, doi:10.1073/pnas.1810141115, 2018.</p>

scholarly journals “Tipping point” concept analysis in the family caregiving context

Nursing Forum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice D. Crist ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Kim D. Shea ◽  
Rachel L. Peterson ◽  
Lori Martin‐Plank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Tipping Points: Climate Surprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Palazzo Corner ◽  
Chris D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Earth’S Climate

We know that the more greenhouse gases are released, the more the world warms. But, at a certain point, could a small amount of extra greenhouse gas cause a very big change in the climate? And could this big change be irreversible? When a small change causes a very large (and long-term) effect, we call this a tipping point. Scientists are trying to understand whether tipping points exist in the Earth’s climate system, and if so, what impact these could have.

Unveiling tipping points in long-term and experimental studies in peatlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Lamentowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Marcisz ◽  
Michał Słowiński ◽  
Vincent E.J. Jassey
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

<p>Ecosystems are increasingly prone to climate extremes, such as drought, with long-lasting effects on both plant and soil communities and, subsequently, on carbon (C) cycling. Unveiling past tipping points is a prerequisite for a better understanding of how individual species and entire ecosystems will respond to future climate changes, especially soil moisture. In the first study we identified the response of peatland vegetation to shifts in hydrological conditions over the past 2000 years using plant macrofossils, testate amoebae-based quantitative hydrological reconstructions from seven Polish peat-records (Lamentowicz et al., 2019). Using threshold indicator taxa analysis (TITAN), we discovered that plant community composition strongly converged at a water level of c. 11.7 cm, indicating a community-level tipping-point. We identified 45 plant taxa that showed either an increase or a decrease in their relative abundance between 8 and 17 cm of water level depth. In other the experimental study (Jassey et al., 2018) we investigated the response of plant and soil fungi to drought of different intensities using a water table gradient in peatlands—a major C sink ecosystem. We show that substantial changes in ecosystem respiration, plant and soil fungal communities occurred when the water level fell below a tipping point of 24 cm. As a corollary, ecosystem respiration was the greatest when graminoids and saprotrophic fungi became prevalent as a response to the extreme drought. Graminoids indirectly influenced fungal functional composition and soil enzyme activities through their direct effect on dissolved organic matter quality, while saprotrophic fungi directly influenced soil enzyme activities. In turn, increasing enzyme activities promoted ecosystem respiration. We show that functional transitions in ecosystem respiration critically depend on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards a truly mechanistic understanding of tipping points in peatlands with use of experiment and palaeoecology.</p><p>References</p><p>Jassey, V.E.J., Reczuga, M.K., Zielinska, M., Slowinska, S., Robroek, B.J.M., Mariotte, P., Seppey, C.V.W., Lara, E., Barabach, J., Slowinski, M., Bragazza, L., Chojnicki, B.H., Lamentowicz, M., Mitchell, E.A.D., Buttler, A., 2018. Tipping point in plant-fungal interactions under severe drought causes abrupt rise in peatland ecosystem respiration. Glob Chang Biol. 24, (3) 972–986.</p><p>Lamentowicz, M., Gałka, M., Marcisz, K., Słowiński, M., Kajukało-Drygalska, K., Dayras, M.D., Jassey, V.E.J., 2019. Unveiling tipping points in long-term ecological records from Sphagnum -dominated peatlands. Biology Letters. 15, (4) 20190043.</p>

Keeping it in the family: family, priorities and succession in Scottish landed estates

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia di Belmonte ◽  
Claire Seaman ◽  
Richard Bent
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Vision ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of Success ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider multigenerational landed estates in Scotland from a family business perspective. The strategic vision for the business is considered here in terms of the family definition of success, drawing upon aspects of cultural identity, legal and fiscal systems and stewardship theory. Design/methodology/approach A social-constructivist epistemology framed this study, which considered perceptions of family business strategy, culture and family defined visions of success. Semi-structured interview techniques were utilized to collect primarily qualitative date. Findings Results indicate that the families shared a very cohesive definition of what constituted the family business and were very aware of the importance of long-term planning in the succession process. The cultural and legal dimension of primogeniture played a defining role in the choice of successors, developed from the belief that the successor is the steward of the family property rather than the “owner” in any personal sense. Key priorities for the family included the training of the heir and the limiting of potential taxation liabilities juxtaposed with the desire to retain family discretion in decision making. Practical implications By extending current research to businesses that have been successfully transferred between six or more generations this study offers a unique insight into the requirements for effective succession. This research also offers an insight into the strategic management of a group of “family businesses” where the economic and legislative environment have required families to plan, where smaller family businesses are often able to defer. Originality/value Multigenerational estates represent some of the oldest family businesses in Scotland, offering a unique sample group of businesses which have survived through six or more generations. The clarity of strategic vision and the perceived importance of long-term planning offer an insight into the reasons for business longevity.

The Conspicuous Hidden Curriculum and Young Women’s Daily Lives in Polish Crisis Accommodation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Mostowska ◽  
Katarzyna Dębska
Keyword(s):  
Single Mothers ◽  
Hidden Curriculum ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diverse Data

Abstract This article examines the daily routine in crisis accommodation for young women in Poland, investigating the hidden curriculum that includes highly gendered norms and expectations regarding residents. The article considers local crisis centres and state-funded Specialist Centres for Victims of Domestic Violence as well as Single Mothers’ Homes, which provide long-term accommodation for mothers with dependent children. The analysed material has been gathered during fieldwork in Warsaw and the Podkarpackie province in the Years 2017–2018 and comprises diverse data types: interviews with managers and staff at crisis centres and Single Mothers’ Homes; legal acts that regulate referrals as well as house rules adopted in these facilities. The residents were interviewed about their experiences of, and views on their daily routines, tasks and relationships within shelters. In crisis centres, expectations are focussed on self-sufficiency, while in Catholic Single Mothers’ Homes, control is exercised through religion by defining what is proper behaviour and how a mother should behave. The article concludes by investigating these practices with regard to their effectiveness in supporting women’s housing needs and examining how they relate to a broader definition of social work.

Central Otago - Built on gold, growing on grass.

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Barrie J. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Land Use ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
District Council ◽  
Definition Of

A warm welcome to our "World of Difference" to all delegates attending this conference - we hope your stay is enjoyable and that you will leave Central Otago with an enhanced appreciation of the diversity of land use and the resilient and growing economic potential that this region has to offer. Without regional wellbeing the national economy will struggle to grow, something Central Government finally seems to be realising, and the Central Otago District Council Long Term Plan 2012-2022 (LTP) signals the importance of establishing a productive economy for the local community which will aid in the economic growth of the district and seeks to create a thriving economy that will be attractive to business and residents alike. Two key principles that underpin the LTP are sustainability and affordability, with the definition of sustainability being "… development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

REGULATION OF MARRIAGE RELATIONS IN THE TURKESTAN REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Khurshida Tillahodjaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Family And Marriage ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Definition Of

In this article we will talk about the scale of family and marriage relations in the early XX century in the Turkestan region, their regulation, legislation. Clearly reveals the role of women and men in the family, the definition of which is based on the material conditions of society, equality of rights and freedoms and its features.

Evaluation of the Laxative activity of Saponin Enriched Hydroethanolic Pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus in Animal models

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalitha Vivekanandan ◽  
Roxanne Gekonge Mandere ◽  
Sivakumar Thangavel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Triterpene Saponins ◽  
Laxative Effect ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Efficacious Drug

Background: Constipation is a common, predominant, chronic gastrointestinal functional disorder. The drugs available to treat constipation are limited because of their side effects in long term use. So we need of efficacious drug to treat constipation. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl belongs to the family Sapindaceae, commonly known as soapnut. Traditionally used for the antipruritic, antifertility, constipation, and anti-inflammatory agents. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus (HESE) in animal models. Methods: The saponin content in extract was measured by gravimetric analysis. The laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus is evaluated by the weight of feces matter, charcoal meal hyperperistalsis test, and loperamide induced constipation model. Results: The saponin content of the soapnut pericarp was 13.48 % and the extract was found to be 11.92 %. The results obtained from these models showed a significant dose-dependent increase in fecal weight, peristalsis index, and moisture content compared to control animals. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the oral administration of HESE showed a significant laxative activity by using different animal models. The presence of triterpene saponins is responsible for this activity. Further studies are needed to confirm their mechanism behind the laxative effect. The administration of extract was found to be a valid candidate in constipation therapy.

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