scholarly journals CHANGES IN COGNITION ARE RELATED TO PERSONALITY CHANGES IN MIDDLE AND LATER ADULTHOOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S163-S163
Author(s):  
Yujun Liu ◽  
Margie E Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Previous studies have identified an association between personality and cognition in later life. Those with more stable personalities have better cognitive functioning. And those with more cognitive decline have higher neuroticism. We examined the association between changes in both personality and cognition in the same model, which has not been systematically investigated. Data were from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, a national survey that included 4268 participants ages 35 to 85 at the second wave. The Big Five Personality traits and cognitive function variables (episodic memory and executive functioning) were from waves two and three. The analysis included a latent change score model and a cross-lagged panel design using Mplus. The results show that personality changes and cognitive changes over 9 years are correlated. Cross-lagged findings indicate that cognitive functioning is positively related to changes in conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and extraversion and negatively related to changes in neuroticism. The findings advance our understanding of the association between changes in personality and cognition. The impact of cognitive change on personality stability and the role of personality traits for maintaining cognitive function in later life are discussed. The results have implications for developing interventions to maintain or enhance cognitive functioning and personality in middle and later adulthood.

scholarly journals Spousal Loss and Cognitive Functioning: Do Pre-Loss Marital Quality and Gender Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 366-366
Author(s):  
Joohong Min ◽  
Jieun Song
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Spousal Loss ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Prior research has found that the risk of cognitive decline increases after the death of a spouse. In general, the impact of life transitions is contingent on contextual factors such as socio-demographic characteristics or relationship quality. However, there is limited research on how marital quality before spousal loss and gender influence the association between spousal loss and cognitive change. The current study examines the effects of spousal loss on change in cognitive functioning as well as the moderating effects of pre-loss marital quality and gender. Data from two waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study were analyzed (MIDUS2: 2004-05, MIDUS3: 2013-14). The analytic sample consists of two groups: (1) 179 bereaved adults who were age 54 or older at MIDUS2 (M = 65.2, SD = 9.5) and whose spouses died between MIDUS2 and MIDUS3, and (2) 179 non-bereaved adults, matched with the bereaved group on age and gender, who did not experience spousal loss between the two waves. Cognitive function was assessed via BTACT (Brief Telephone Adult Cognition Test) at both waves. Regression results show that both pre-loss marital quality and gender significantly moderate the association between spousal loss and change in cognitive functioning. Specifically, relative to their counterparts, men and those who reported better marital relationships prior to spousal death had a greater risk of cognitive decline after a spouse’s death. The findings suggest the significance of pre-loss marital quality and gender for cognitive changes in widowhood and have implications for the development of efficient interventions

scholarly journals Mind-Body Practice, Personality Traits, and Cognitive Performance: A 10-Year Study in US Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 713-713
Author(s):  
Kallol Kumar Bhattacharyya ◽  
Gizem Hueluer ◽  
Debra Dobbs
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract It is widely established that physical activity is associated with better cognitive outcomes, and accumulating evidence suggests that mind-body practice (MBP) may yield similar benefits. Personality is related to both daily activities and cognition, but its role in the association between MBP and cognition is not well understood. The current study examines bidirectional temporal associations between personality traits, MBP, and cognition in healthy adults. We used data from waves 2 and 3 (2004-2014) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study from a total of 2,050 individuals (age: M=64 years, SD=11, range=42 to 92; 56% women). We applied a cross-lagged regression analysis to examine bidirectional effects between MBP, Big Five personality traits, and two cognitive domains (episodic memory and executive function) and controlled for sociodemographic factors, health, and functional status covariates in wave 2. After controlling for covariates, MBP was independently associated with a more favorable change in episodic memory, but not in executive function. Regarding cross-lagged effects of cognitive function, episodic memory was related to subsequent MBP and agreeableness, and executive function was related to subsequent MBP, openness, and conscientiousness. Agreeableness had a negative effect on subsequent executive function. The findings point toward bidirectional associations between cognitive function MBP, while there was no evidence for cross-lagged associations between personality and MBP. Future research should guide us whether MBP can counteract cognitive decline as an alternative and complementary practice and the role that personality can play in such interventions.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Parenting Style From Childhood: Long-Term Effects on Cognitive Function in Middle and Later Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. e13-e24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujun Liu ◽  
Margie E Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Role Of Parents

Abstract Objectives This study assesses whether childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is related to cognitive function and cognitive change at mid and later life and explores the buffering effects of parenting style and adulthood SES. Method Data were derived from the 3 waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, a national survey including 7,108 participants aged from 24 to 75 years at baseline. We used multiple regression and multilevel models to investigate the associations between childhood SES, adulthood SES, and cognitive performance and change at midlife and the role of parents’ affection and discipline. Results Low childhood SES was associated with lower cognitive function and more cognitive decline at mid and later life. Adulthood SES moderated the effect of childhood SES on cognitive function. Interactions showed that paternal discipline was positively related to cognitive function among participants with low childhood SES, and negatively related to cognitive function among participants with high childhood SES. High paternal affection was associated with less cognitive decline at mid and later life. Discussion The findings advance the understanding of the long-term consequences of SES and psychosocial factors in early life that can lead to optimal cognitive function in middle and old age.

scholarly journals Cognition and Its Association with Psychosocial and Occupational Functioning during Treatment with Escitalopram in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A CAN-BIND-1 Report: La Cognition Et Son Association Avec Le Fonctionnement Psychosocial Et Professionnel Durant Le Traitement Par Escitalopram Chez Des Patients Souffrant De Trouble Dépressif Majeur: Une Étude Can-Bind-1

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372097482
Author(s):  
Shane J. McInerney ◽  
Trisha Chakrabarty ◽  
Malgorzata Maciukiewicz ◽  
Benicio N. Frey ◽  
Glenda M. MacQueen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with impairments in both cognition and functioning. However, whether cognitive deficits significantly contribute to impaired psychosocial and occupational functioning, independent of other depressive symptoms, is not well established. We examined the relationship between cognitive performance and functioning in depressed patients before and after antidepressant treatment using secondary data from the first Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression-1 study. Methods: Cognition was assessed at baseline in unmedicated, depressed participants with MDD ( n = 207) using the Central Nervous System Vital Signs computerized battery, psychosocial functioning with the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and occupational functioning with the Lam Employment Absence and Productivity Scale (LEAPS). Cognition ( n = 181), SDS ( n = 175), and LEAPS ( n = 118) were reassessed after participants received 8 weeks of open-label escitalopram monotherapy. A series of linear regressions were conducted to determine (1) whether cognitive functioning was associated with psychosocial and occupational functioning prior to treatment, after adjusting for overall depressive symptom severity and (2) whether changes in cognitive functioning after an 8-week treatment phase were associated with changes in psychosocial and occupational functioning, after adjusting for changes in overall symptom severity. Results: Baseline global cognitive functioning, after adjusting for depression symptom severity and demographic variables, was associated with the SDS work/study subscale (β = −0.17; P = 0.03) and LEAPS productivity subscale (β = −0.17; P = 0.05), but not SDS total (β = 0.19; P = 0.12) or LEAPS total (β = 0.41; P = 0.17) scores. Although LEAPS and SDS scores showed significant improvements after 8 weeks of treatment ( P < 0.001), there were no significant associations between changes in cognitive domain scores and functional improvements. Conclusion: Cognition was associated with occupational functioning at baseline, but changes in cognition were not associated with psychosocial or occupational functional improvements following escitalopram treatment. We recommend the use of more comprehensive functional assessments to determine the impact of cognitive change on functional outcomes in future research.

scholarly journals Perception of Neighborhood Characteristics During Childhood and Cognitive Health Among Older Adults in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 439-439
Author(s):  
Changmin Peng ◽  
Sae Hwang Han ◽  
Jeffrey Burr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Neighborhood Safety ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Childhood Conditions ◽  
Neighborhood Environments

Abstract Neighborhood environments shape the availability of resources for social engagement and social interaction, which are associated with better health outcomes. However, these contextual factors are also considered sources of potential social distress and tension, increasing the risk of subsequent health deficits, including cognitive decline. Our understanding of the linkage between childhood neighborhood environments and cognitive functioning in later life is limited. This study employed three waves of nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2015; N = 11,105) to investigate the relationship between self-reported neighborhood social cohesion during childhood (i.e., neighborhood safety, neighbors willing to help, and close-knit neighborhood) and cognitive functioning (Chinese version of TICS). We employed latent growth curve modeling to test hypotheses relating to life course models of childhood conditions and later life cognitive functioning (the long arm of childhood). The results showed that perceptions regarding the willingness of neighbors to help and close-knit neighborhood characteristics during childhood were positively associated with levels of later life cognitive function. Further, growing up in a neighborhood characterized by the willingness of neighbors to help others was negatively associated with the rate of cognitive decline, net of childhood and adulthood covariates. Self-report of neighborhood safety during childhood was unrelated to cognitive function (level and change). These findings underscored the long-term ramifications of childhood conditions as potential risk factors for later-life cognitive health. Social cohesion at the neighborhood level as experienced during childhood may be a protective factor for healthy cognitive aging among older Chinese adults.

Effects of English usage on Facebook and personality traits on achievement of students learning English as a foreign language

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Chi Kao ◽  
Philip Craigie
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
English Usage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Learning English

In this study we explored the impact of English usage on Facebook (EUF) and the Big Five personality traits of 164 Taiwanese university students on their level of achievement in learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, we found that EUF was positively associated with extraversion and conscientiousness, but negatively related to neuroticism. The results of a simultaneous multiple regression analysis indicated that EUF, extraversion, and neuroticism accounted for a statistically significant amount of variance in EFL achievement. Of the variables, EUF made the largest significant unique contribution to the prediction of the participants' EFL achievement.

scholarly journals Education and Cognition in Middle Age and Later Life: The Mediating Role of Physical and Cognitive Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. e93-e104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujun Liu ◽  
Margie E Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Cognitive Activities

Abstract Objectives Although educational attainment is related to cognitive function in later life, little is known about the mechanisms involved. This study assessed the independent mediating effects of two behavioral variables, physical and cognitive activity, on the association between educational attainment and cognitive function and change. Methods Data were derived from the three waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Predictors (educational attainment) were from the 1995 baseline, mediators (physical and cognitive activities) were from the 2004 wave, and outcomes (cognitive function) were from the 2004 and 2013 waves. Conditional process modeling was applied using PROCESS in SPSS. Results There were both direct and indirect effects of educational attainment on level and change of executive function (EF) and episodic memory (EM). Physical activity and cognitive activity were both significant mediators for cognitive level. For mediators of change, however, cognitive activity was significant for EF and physical activity was significant for EM. Discussion Physical and cognitive activity are discussed as possible factors for protecting against cognitive decline in later life. The findings have implications for advancing supportive policies and practices related to maximizing the benefits of education and physical and cognitive activities for cognition in middle age and later life.

How do personality traits affect visitor’s experience, emotional stimulation and behaviour? The case of wine tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifigeneia Leri ◽  
Prokopis Theodoridis
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Revisit Intentions ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderation effects of the Big Five personality traits on the relationships between holistic experience constructs (i.e. servicescape and other visitors’ behaviours), emotional responses and revisit intention in the context of winery visitation experiences in Greece. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a holistic approach to visitor experience and suggests that visitors base their experience perception on the servicescape’s attributes and other visitors’ suitable behaviours. Path analysis was adopted to measure the impact of these constructs on visitors’ emotions and the role these emotions play in predicting visitors’ revisit intentions. The moderation effect of the Big Five personality traits in such relationships was examined using the SPSS PROCESS. A self-administered, highly structured questionnaire was distributed to winery visitors in Greece; a total of 615 responses were used in data analysis. Findings The results indicate that all the examined relationships become stronger as a result of visitors having high or average scores for openness, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness, or low scores for neuroticism. Research limitations/implications The findings enhance the existing literature pertaining to experiential marketing, wine tourism marketing and the role of personality in tourism by providing new insights. Practical implications The overall findings may benefit wineries in their efforts to carry out the following: increase visitors’ revisit intentions; design and manage the winery environment and the winery experience effectively; and design marketing strategies. Originality/value The paper’s originality lies in providing information to clarify the role of visitors’ personalities as a contributing factor to their emotional stimulation and their revisit intentions in terms of both constructs of experience (i.e. servicescape and other visitors’ behaviours). Furthermore, this study attempts to respond to recent calls to conduct multidimensional research on the servicescape construct, focusing on both the substantive staging of the servicescape and the communicative staging of the servicescape. Finally, the present study provides new and practical insights regarding the winery experience in the Greek context – an area where very limited research has been conducted so far.

scholarly journals Semi-Autonomous Vehicles as a Cognitive Assistive Device for Older Adults

Geriatrics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Frank Knoefel ◽  
Bruce Wallace ◽  
Rafik Goubran ◽  
Iman Sabra ◽  
Shawn Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aging Drivers

Losing the capacity to drive due to age-related cognitive decline can have a detrimental impact on the daily life functioning of older adults living alone and in remote areas. Semi-autonomous vehicles (SAVs) could have the potential to preserve driving independence of this population with high health needs. This paper explores if SAVs could be used as a cognitive assistive device for older aging drivers with cognitive challenges. We illustrate the impact of age-related changes of cognitive functions on driving capacity. Furthermore, following an overview on the current state of SAVs, we propose a model for connecting cognitive health needs of older drivers to SAVs. The model demonstrates the connections between cognitive changes experienced by aging drivers, their impact on actual driving, car sensors’ features, and vehicle automation. Finally, we present challenges that should be considered when using the constantly changing smart vehicle technology, adapting it to aging drivers and vice versa. This paper sheds light on age-related cognitive characteristics that should be considered when developing future SAVs manufacturing policies which may potentially help decrease the impact of cognitive change on older adult drivers.

scholarly journals DO PERSONALITY TRAITS INFLUENCE PERCEPTIONS OF COGNITIVE CHANGE IN COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S893-S894
Author(s):  
Thomas M Meuser ◽  
Regula H Robnett
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Influence Perceptions

Abstract Recent research has linked personality traits and risk for cognitive impairment in advancing age. Associations with neuroticism are particularly robust. Both longstanding and recent elevations may predict dementia. Other traits – conscientiousness and openness to experience – also show unique associations. These findings derive mainly from large sample population studies and smaller clinical investigations. Relevance to the general population is unclear. We investigated the “big five” personality traits and cognition in 232 community-dwelling adults (73% female, 97% Caucasian, mean age 72 years). Scores on a self-report screen for dementia – the AD8 – framed the sample: 77% scored 0 points, no dementia; 23% scored 2+, possible dementia. Age and personality were independent variables in a binary logistic regression with AD8 status as dependent. All predictors but one, extraversion, were significant (p &lt; .05), suggesting that personality traits may influence perceptions of cognitive change. Higher agreeableness and neuroticism predicted possible dementia status on the AD8, whereas higher openness and conscientiousness predicted normal cognition. Interestingly, most in the AD8 positive group (70%) denied having “more problems with memory than most” on the Geriatric Depression Scale. These perceptions would seem incompatible, especially for true positive cases. Our findings suggest that the role of personality in dementia screening (and, perhaps, diagnosis) may be more nuanced than indicated in other studies. Longstanding traits and present perceptions are both elements of the evaluative process, as much as test scores and reported history. Our findings speak to the value of a person-centered, context-aware approach in cognitive screening.

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