scholarly journals Education and Cognition in Middle Age and Later Life: The Mediating Role of Physical and Cognitive Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. e93-e104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujun Liu ◽  
Margie E Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Cognitive Activities

Abstract Objectives Although educational attainment is related to cognitive function in later life, little is known about the mechanisms involved. This study assessed the independent mediating effects of two behavioral variables, physical and cognitive activity, on the association between educational attainment and cognitive function and change. Methods Data were derived from the three waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Predictors (educational attainment) were from the 1995 baseline, mediators (physical and cognitive activities) were from the 2004 wave, and outcomes (cognitive function) were from the 2004 and 2013 waves. Conditional process modeling was applied using PROCESS in SPSS. Results There were both direct and indirect effects of educational attainment on level and change of executive function (EF) and episodic memory (EM). Physical activity and cognitive activity were both significant mediators for cognitive level. For mediators of change, however, cognitive activity was significant for EF and physical activity was significant for EM. Discussion Physical and cognitive activity are discussed as possible factors for protecting against cognitive decline in later life. The findings have implications for advancing supportive policies and practices related to maximizing the benefits of education and physical and cognitive activities for cognition in middle age and later life.

Early Child–Parent Relationship Quality and Cognitive Function in Older Rural Chinese Adults: The Mediating Role of Educational Attainment

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432199656
Author(s):  
Changmin Peng ◽  
Jeffrey A. Burr ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Nan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Early Child ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Parent Relationship

Objectives: Framed within a life course perspective and cognitive reserve theory, this study examined the mediating role of educational attainment for the association between child–parent relationships during childhood and cognitive function among older adults in rural China. Methods: Data were obtained from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( N = 9809). We employed latent growth curve modeling to test the association among early child–parent relationship quality, educational attainment, and cognitive function in later life. Results: Early child–mother relationship quality was associated with the level and change in cognitive function. Early child–father relationship quality was only related to baseline cognitive function. Educational attainment mediated the relationship between early child–parent relationship quality with mothers and fathers and cognitive function. Discussion: Parental relationship experience in childhood was one distal factor related to cognitive function among older adults. The findings supported the long-term impacts of childhood conditions for later life health consequences.

scholarly journals Leisure time physical activity throughout adulthood is associated with lower medicare costs: evidence from the linked NIH-AARP diet and health study cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e001038
Author(s):  
Diarmuid Coughlan ◽  
Pedro F Saint-Maurice ◽  
Susan A Carlson ◽  
Janet Fulton ◽  
Charles E Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Medicare Costs

BackgroundThere is limited information about the association between long-term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) participation and healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between LTPA over adulthood with later life healthcare costs in the USA.MethodsUsing Medicare claims data (between 1999 and 2008) linked to the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study, we examined associations between nine trajectories of physical activity participation throughout adulthood with Medicare costs.ResultsCompared with adults who were consistently inactive from adolescence into middle age, average annual healthcare costs were significantly lower for maintainers, adults who maintained moderate (–US$1350 (95% CI: –US$2009 to –US$690) or −15.9% (95% CI: −23.6% to −8.1%)) or high physical activity levels (–US$1200 (95% CI: –US$1777 to –US$622) or −14.1% (95% CI: −20.9% to −7.3%)) and increasers, adults who increased physical activity levels in early adulthood (–US$1874 (95% CI: US$2691 to –US$1057) or −22.0% (95% CI: −31.6% to −12.4%)) or in middle age (–US$824 (95% CI: –US$1580 to –US$69 or −9.7% (95% CI −18.6% to −0.8%)). For the four trajectories where physical activity decreased, the only significant difference was for adults who increased physical activity levels during early adulthood with a decline in middle age (–US$861 (95% CI:–US$1678 to –US$45) or −10.1% (95% CI: −19.7% to −0.5%)).ConclusionOur analyses suggest the healthcare cost burden in later life could be reduced through promotion efforts supporting physical activity participation throughout adulthood.

Interactive Effects of Physical Activity and Cognitive Activity on Cognition in Older Adults Without Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1008-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Halloway ◽  
Michael E. Schoeny ◽  
JoEllen Wilbur ◽  
Lisa L. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
Parallel Growth

Objective: The purpose of this secondary analysis was to test effects of interactions between accelerometer-measured physical activity and self-reported cognitive activity on cognition in older adults without cognitive impairment. Method: Participants were 742 older adults from the Rush Memory and Aging Project who completed annual clinical evaluations. A series of parallel growth models tested effects of interactions between physical activity and cognitive activity on cognition (global index, five domains) at Year 5, controlling for demographics, health factors, and corresponding cognition measures at Year 1. Results: Results were mixed, with significant physical and cognitive activity interactive effects for working and semantic memory. In models without interactions, higher physical and cognitive activities at Year 1 and less decline in cognitive activity over time were independently associated with better cognition at Year 5. Discussion: These findings may inform interventions that enhance physical and cognitive activities to prevent cognitive impairment in older adults.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA LANSIA DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN, RIWAYAT PENDIDIKAN, RIWAYAT PENYAKIT, AKTIVITAS FISIK, AKTIVITAS KOGNITIF, DAN KETERLIBATAN SOSIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti Febriyani Hutasuhut ◽  
Marisa Anggraini ◽  
Reza Angnesti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT: ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN ELDERLY IN TERMS OF GENDER, EDUCATION HISTORY, DISEASE HISTORY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, COGNITIVE ACTIVITIES, AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT One of the disorders caused by degeneration in the elderly is cognitive impairment This study aims to determine the factors that influence cognitive function in the elderly in the work area of the Kedaton Bandar Lampung Health Center in 2018. This research is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The research subjects were 107 elderly people living in the working area of the Kedaton Health Center in Bandar Lampung. Data in this study were obtained through interviews using questionnaires, social disengagement scale, and MMSE. Data analyzed using chi-square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between education, history of illness, physical activity, cognitive activity, and social involvement with cognitive function, whereas for sex, no significant relationship was found with cognitive function. Keywords:  Cognitive Function, Gender, Educational History, History of Illness, Physical Activity, Cognitive Activity, Social Engagement, Elderly Salah satu gangguan akibat degenerasi pada lansia yaitu gangguan kognitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif pada lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedaton Bandar Lampung tahun 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian adalah 107 orang lansia yang tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedaton Bandar Lampung. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, skala social disengagement, dan MMSE. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan, riwayat penyakit, aktivitas fisik, aktivitas kognitif, dan keterlibatan sosial dengan fungsi kognitif, sedangkan untuk jenis kelamin, tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan dengan fungsi kognitif.  Kata Kunci : Fungsi Kognitif, Jenis Kelamin, Riwayat Pendidikan, Riwayat Penyakit, Aktivitas Fisik, Aktivitas Kognitif, Keterlibatan Sosial, Lansia

Early and late life cognitive activity and cognitive systems in old age

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT S. WILSON ◽  
LISA L. BARNES ◽  
KRISTIN R. KRUEGER ◽  
GEORGE HOGANSON ◽  
JULIA L. BIENIAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Past Activity

Little is known about the relative benefits of cognitively stimulating activities at different points in the lifespan. In a cohort of 576 older persons without dementia, we assessed current and past (childhood, young adulthood, middle age) frequency of cognitive activity; availability of cognitively stimulating resources in the home in childhood and middle age; and 5 domains of cognitive function. Past cognitive activity and cognitive resources were positively correlated with both current cognitive activity and current cognitive function. The association with cognitive function was reduced after controlling for current cognitive activity, however. Current cognitive activity was associated with better cognitive function, especially semantic memory and perceptual speed, even after controlling for past activity. The results suggest that past cognitive activity contributes to current cognition principally through its association with cognitive activity in old age. (JINS, 2005,11, 400–407.)

Reducing the Risk of Dementia

2018 ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Joanne Rodda
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Impact

This chapter looks at the impact of health and lifestyle factors on the risk of developing dementia in later life. It provides a brief overview of dementia and its most common causes, and an explanation of the degree to which genetics play a role. It reviews the available evidence regarding the extent to which potentially modifiable risk factors including smoking, obesity, physical activity, cognitive activity, diet, alcohol, depression, and diabetes may contribute to a likelihood of developing dementia in later life. Both general dietary patterns and the evidence related to vitamin B12, folate, antioxidants, and omega 3 fatty acids are reviewed. Possible approaches to the conversion of this knowledge into a reduction in the prevalence of dementia in the future are discussed. It is written for anyone with an interest in dementia and potential opportunities to mitigate the impact on individuals and society.

scholarly journals O2-01-04: Interaction of physical activity and APOE to modulate cognitive function in later life

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3S_Part_3) ◽  
pp. S183-S183
Author(s):  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager ◽  
Kay L. Cox ◽  
Leon Flicker ◽  
John Acres ◽  
Kathryn R. Bonney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Later Life

The effect of physical activity on cognitive function after stroke: a systematic review

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby B. Cumming ◽  
Karen Tyedin ◽  
Leonid Churilov ◽  
Meg E. Morris ◽  
Julie Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Treatment Benefit ◽  
Exercise Interventions

ABSTRACTBackground: Research in both humans and animals indicates that physical activity can enhance cognitive activity, but whether this is true in patients with stroke is largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between increased physical activity after stroke and cognitive performance.Methods: A systematic review was conducted of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and other electronic databases. All randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical studies that evaluated the effect of physical activity or exercise on cognitive function in stroke were included. Study quality was assessed using four criteria concerning sources of bias (use of randomization, allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessment, whether all patients were accounted for in outcome data).Results: The literature search (first run in 2008, updated in 2011) yielded 12 studies that satisfied inclusion criteria. Exercise interventions were heterogeneous; some studies compared different intensities of movement rehabilitation, others included a specific exercise program. Cognitive function was rarely the primary outcome measure, and cognitive assessment tools used were generally suboptimal. Nine studies had sufficient data to be included in a meta-analysis, which indicated a significant benefit of intervention over control (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04–0.36; z = 2.43, p = 0.015). Studies that met all four quality criteria reported smaller treatment benefit than studies that did not.Conclusions: There is some evidence that increased physical activity after stroke enhances cognitive performance. The pool of studies identified, however, was small and methodological shortcomings were widespread.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among U.S. Older Chinese Immigrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Ying-Yu Chao ◽  
Jin Young Seo ◽  
Mei-Lan Chen ◽  
Peijia Zha
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Older Chinese

Abstract Purpose: Chinese Americans represent the largest Asian ethnic subgroup in the United States. Depression is the most common mental health problem among older adults. However, we have a limited understanding of depressive symptoms among older Chinese immigrants. The study aimed to examine the potential factors associated with depressive symptoms among older Chinese immigrants in U.S. Methods: We recruited participants from psychiatric clinics who sought professional help in New York City. Inclusion criteria were Chinese immigrants from Asian countries 50 years or older; able to speak and understand either Mandarin or Cantonese; and had a diagnosis with major depressive disorder. Depressive symptoms were measured with Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology; cognitive function was measured with Montreal cognitive assessment; sleep quality was measured with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and physical activity was measured with International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were performed. Results: Participants were ninety-nine Chinese older immigrants (mean age: 60.69 ± 7.62 years). Participants who had more children (p < .05), poor health status (p < .01), poor quality of life (p < .01), less social support (p < .01), and need help with activities of daily living (p < .05) had more depressive symptoms. Cognitive function, sleep quality, and physical activity were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions & Implications: Poor cognitive function, poor sleep quality, and less physical activity were associated with depressive symptoms. Our results provide knowledge for developing culturally tailored self-management interventions for older Chinese immigrants with depressive disorder in managed care settings.

scholarly journals Increases in Cognitive Activity Reduce Aging-Related Declines in Executive Functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Stieger ◽  
Margie E. Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
And Performance

Declines in cognitive functioning are commonly experienced with aging, yet there is wide variation in the nature and extent of these changes. Previous research has shown associations between the frequency of engaging in stimulating cognitive activities and performance on cognitive tests. However, it is not known whether it is important to increase the amount of cognitive activity as one gets older in order to curtail cognitive declines. We examined cognitive activities and cognition in a national sample of 2,130 community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults from the Midlife in the United States longitudinal study. Participants completed cognitive assessments of episodic memory (EM) and executive functioning (EF) on two occasions, ~9 years apart. At the first assessment, participants ranged in age between 33 and 83 years (M = 55.76, SD = 11.09), with 56.1% women. Multilevel models were tested to examine educational level and change in cognitive activity as predictors of change in EM and EF, controlling for initial level of cognitive activity and key correlates of cognitive decline. Results indicated that increases in cognitive activity were important over and above earlier levels of cognitive activity for reducing declines in EF. Further analysis also showed differential results by educational level. Increased cognitive activity was not associated with changes in EF among individuals with a college degree. In contrast, individuals without a college degree who increased their cognitive activity showed significantly less decline in EF compared to those without a college degree who decreased or maintained their cognitive activity across the 9 years. Thus, the results suggest that increased engagement in cognitive activity makes more of a difference for EF declines among those without a college degree. The results have particular relevance given that aging-related changes in domains such as work status, health, or social relationships can lead to reductions in stimulating cognitive activities. The findings emphasize the importance of increasing cognitive activities especially among those with lower educational attainment.

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