scholarly journals INTEREST GROUP SESSION—CANCER AND AGING: CURRENT CHALLENGES IN CANCER SCREENING AMONG OLDER MINORITY POPULATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S189-S189
Author(s):  
Chien-Ching Li ◽  
Darren Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Knowledge Of Cancer

Abstract Cancer is an important public issue around the world. Among types of cancer, lung and colorectal cancer are the most common in men while breast and cervical cancer are the most common in women. Detection of early stage cancer via screening can significantly reduce the mortality and prolong life. Although cancer prevention and control has been served as the national priority, individual’s utilization of cancer screening services is low due to limited knowledge of cancer screening and ineffective patient-provider commutation, especially in minority populations. In this symposium, we will examine three scenarios that highlight the challenges of cancer screenings in minority populations. First, we will share the results from a mixed method study that investigate the knowledge and attitudes towards Low Dose Computed Tomography lung cancer (LDCT) screening and assess the smoking cessation needs for African Americans who receive LDCT screening in an effort to reduce the health burden of lung cancer. The next study will discuss how the characteristics of older Chinese adults from the United States and Taiwan are associated cancer screening communication with physicians (i.e., whether doctor recommended screenings and whether communicated screenings with doctor). Lastly, we will share the results from a cross-sectional study that analyzed 10 years data of National Health Interview Survey to examine the difference in LDCT screening eligibility among Asian American (i.e., Chinese, Filipino, and other Asian) smokers. The discussant will summarize with an overview of the topic, and comment on the disparities of cancer screening in older minority populations.

Current lung cancer screening practice amongst general practitioners in Western Australia: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Manners ◽  
Helen Wilcox ◽  
Annette McWilliams ◽  
Francesco Piccolo ◽  
Helena Liira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Practice

scholarly journals Relationship Between Expression of MAGE-A3 with The Histopathology in NSCLC Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Mokhammad Mukhlis ◽  
Isnin Anang Marhana
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pulmonary Surgery ◽  
Ct Antigens ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Backgrounds: Most patients with lung cancer was diagnosted in advanced stage (around 57%). Those diagnosed at early stage were only 15%. To increase the cure rate and life expectancy, lung cancer detection should be performed early. Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3) is a testicular cancer antigen and is widely expressed in various types of tumor tissue. MAGE-A3 is expressed in about 35-40% of NSCLC. Previous research reported the expression of MAGE-A3 in lung cancer was 30-50%. To detect tumor antigens, CT antigens of the MAGE family can be detected through real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between MAGE A3 expression and histopathology type from forceps biopsy specimens in NSCLC patients. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 14 patients with lung cancer in September 2018 to February 2019. Subjects underwent force biopsy with guidance from bronchoscopy in the pulmonary surgery room Dr. Soetomo. The analysis used was the Fisher's exact test. Results: There were six subjects with histopathology type of adenocarcinoma (42.9%) and eight subjects (57.1%) with the histopathology of squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of MAGE-A3 was positive in 5 subjects (35.7%). Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between the expression of MAGE-A3 and the type of histopathology. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 113-9)

When Is a Harm a Harm? Discordance between Patient and Medical Experts’ Evaluation of Lung Cancer Screening Attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-328
Author(s):  
Marilyn M. Schapira ◽  
Keri L. Rodriguez ◽  
Sumedha Chhatre ◽  
Liana Fraenkel ◽  
Lori A. Bastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Background A shared decision-making (SDM) process for lung cancer screening (LCS) includes a discussion between clinicians and patients about benefits and potential harms. Expert-driven taxonomies consider mortality reduction a benefit and consider false-positives, incidental findings, overdiagnosis, overtreatment, radiation exposure, and direct and indirect costs of LCS as potential harms. Objective To explore whether patients conceptualize the attributes of LCS differently from expert-driven taxonomies. Design Cross-sectional study with semistructured interviews and a card-sort activity. Participants Twenty-three Veterans receiving primary care at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 55 to 73 y of age with 30 or more pack-years of smoking. Sixty-one percent were non-Hispanic African American or Black, 35% were non-Hispanic White, 4% were Hispanic, and 9% were female. Approach Semistructured interviews with thematic coding. Main Measures The proportion of participants categorizing each attribute as a benefit or harm and emergent themes that informed this categorization. Key Results In addition to categorizing reduced lung cancer deaths as a benefit (22/23), most also categorized the following as benefits: routine annual screening (8/9), significant incidental findings (20/23), follow-up in a nodule clinic (20/23), and invasive procedures (16/23). Four attributes were classified by most participants as a harm: false-positive (13/22), overdiagnosis (13/23), overtreatment (6/9), and radiation exposure (20/22). Themes regarding the evaluation of LCS outcomes were 1) the value of knowledge about body and health, 2) anticipated positive and negative emotions, 3) lack of clarity in terminology, 4) underlying beliefs about cancer, and 5) risk assessment and tolerance for uncertainty. Conclusions Anticipating discordance between patient- and expert-driven taxonomies of the benefits and harms of LCS can inform the development and interpretation of value elicitation and SDM discussions.

scholarly journals Early Crowdfunding Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh Nagui Saleh ◽  
Christoph U Lehmann ◽  
Richard J Medford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Early Signal ◽  
Acute Distress

BACKGROUND As the number of COVID-19 cases increased precipitously in the United States, policy makers and health officials marshalled their pandemic responses. As the economic impacts multiplied, anecdotal reports noted the increased use of web-based crowdfunding to defray these costs. OBJECTIVE We examined the web-based crowdfunding response in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States to understand the incidence of initiation of COVID-19–related campaigns and compare them to non–COVID-19–related campaigns. METHODS On May 16, 2020, we extracted all available data available on US campaigns that contained narratives and were created between January 1 and May 10, 2020, on GoFundMe. We identified the subset of COVID-19–related campaigns using keywords relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored the incidence of COVID-19–related campaigns by geography, by category, and over time, and we compared the characteristics of the campaigns to those of non–COVID-19–related campaigns after March 11, when the pandemic was declared. We then used a natural language processing algorithm to cluster campaigns by narrative content using overlapping keywords. RESULTS We found that there was a substantial increase in overall GoFundMe web-based crowdfunding campaigns in March, largely attributable to COVID-19–related campaigns. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic persisted and progressed, the number of campaigns per COVID-19 case declined more than tenfold across all states. The states with the earliest disease burden had the fewest campaigns per case, indicating a lack of a case-dependent response. COVID-19–related campaigns raised more money, had a longer narrative description, and were more likely to be shared on Facebook than other campaigns in the study period. CONCLUSIONS Web-based crowdfunding appears to be a stopgap for only a minority of campaigners. The novelty of an emergency likely impacts both campaign initiation and crowdfunding success, as it reflects the affective response of a community. Crowdfunding activity likely serves as an early signal for emerging needs and societal sentiment for communities in acute distress that could be used by governments and aid organizations to guide disaster relief and policy.

scholarly journals Demographic Pattern and Hospitalization Outcomes of Depression among 2.1 Million Americans with Four Major Cancers in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikinkumar Patel ◽  
Kuang-Yi Wen ◽  
Rashi Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
The Us ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To compare the prevalence of depression in the four most common cancers in the US and evaluate differences in demographics and hospital outcomes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2010–2014). We selected patients who had received ICD-9 codes of breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers and major depressive disorder (MDD). Pearson’s chi-square test and independent sample t-test were used for categorical and continuous data, respectively. Results: MDD prevalence rate was highest in lung cancer (11.5%), followed by breast (10.3%), colorectal (8.1%), and prostate cancer (4.9%). Within colorectal and lung cancer groups, patients with MDD were significantly older (>80 years, p < 0.001) than non-MDD patients. Breast, lung, and colorectal cancer showed a higher proportion of female and Caucasian in the MDD group. Severe morbidity was seen in a greater proportion of the MDD group in all cancer types. The mean inpatient stay and cost were higher in the MDD compared to non-MDD group. Conclusion: Particular attention should be given to elderly, female, and to lung cancer patients with depression. Further studies of each cancer type are needed to expand our understanding of the different risk factors for depression as a higher proportion of patients had severe morbidity.

Descriptive cross-sectional analysis of lung cancer screening in inner city resident run clinic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18668-e18668
Author(s):  
Meghana Singh ◽  
Radhika Kulkarni ◽  
Nerea Lopetegui-Lia ◽  
James J. Vredenburgh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Preventative Care ◽  
Cross Sectional

e18668 Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. The 5-year survival rate is 19% but goes up to 57% if diagnosed at early stage. The recommendation for lung cancer screening is low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for adults of age 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and are currently smoking or have quit in the past 15 years. Unfortunately, less than 5% of eligible patients undergo LDCT. Methods: A retrospective chart review was done for patients with any smoking history, who had internal medicine residents as their primary care provider. The data collected included baseline characteristics and the rates of LDCT scan being ordered and completed. Results: 706 medical charts were reviewed. 178 patients (25.2%) qualified for LDCT screening. The average age of patients included was 64.41 years and average BMI was 28.8 kg/m2. 48.3% were female and 51.6% were male. 54% were current smokers and 46% were former smokers. The ethnic/racial distribution was as follows: 19% African American, 36.5% Hispanic,16.2% Caucasian and 27.5% belonging to other groups. The primary insurance was as follows: 48.8% Medicaid, 19.6% Medicare, 25.8% private insurance and 5% were uninsured. 95 patients (53.3%) had a LDCT scan ordered and 73/95 (76.8%) completed the LDCT scan. The rate of compliance among patients based on their race/ethnicity and primary insurance is detailed in the table. Only 30% of the patients initially screened had a follow up LDCT ordered in one year. Conclusions: Low screening rate LDCT may be due to new residents not prioritizing preventative care. Patients at this clinic belong to a lower socioeconomic class with limited resources. There may be barriers to completion of the ordered test, like poor health literacy, scheduling issues, transportation, fear of being diagnosed with cancer and poor understanding of preventative health. Residents need to be educated about the importance of lung cancer screening as early detection translates into better outcomes and lower mortality. Patients need to be informed of the benefit of screening to improve compliance rate. Assessing the barriers these patients face to completing the screening test should also be carefully evaluated to better identify areas of improvement.[Table: see text]

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