Behavior change factors and retention in dietary interventions for older adults: scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Zaslavsky ◽  
Yan Su ◽  
Boeun Kim ◽  
Inthira Roopsawang ◽  
Kuan-Ching Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavior Change Theories

Abstract Background and Objectives Although poor diet is a major driver of morbidity and mortality in people 60 and older, few dietary interventions are widely implemented for this population. We mapped behavior change theories, agents, and techniques in dietary interventions for adults 60+ and explored relationships between these factors and ability to retain at least 80% of the study participants. Research Design and Methods We conducted a scoping review using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science through April 2021 for dietary interventions in adults 60 and older. We collated, summarized, and calculated frequency distributions of behavior change theories, behavior change agents, and behavior change techniques (BCTs) using BCTv1 taxonomy with regard to participant retention across 43 studies. Results Only 49% and 30% of the studies reported behavior theory and change agents respectively. Of the studies reporting on theory and agents, the most common were social cognitive theory and the related mechanism of self-efficacy. The most common BCTv1 were “shaping knowledge” and “goals and planning.” Several BCTv1 such as “antecedents” and “reward and threat” and evidence for concordance between BCTs and change agents were more common in interventions with higher retention rates. Discussion and Implications Mechanistically concordant studies with BCTs that involve resource allocation and positive reinforcement through rewards may be advantageous for retention in dietary intervention for older adults. Future studies should continue developing theory and mechanism-oriented research. Furthermore, future studies should consider diversifying the portfolio of currently deployed BCTs and strengthening a concordance between BCTs and mechanisms of change.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Behaviour Change Theories Implementation in Dietary Interventions for People Who Have Survived Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Jana Sremanakova ◽  
Anne Marie Sowerbutts ◽  
Chris Todd ◽  
Richard Cooke ◽  
Sorrel Burden
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Behaviour Change Theory

Background: An increasing number of dietary interventions for cancer survivors have been based on the behaviour change theory framework. The purpose of this study is to review the use and implementation of behaviour change theories in dietary interventions for people after cancer and assess their effects on the reported outcomes. Methods: The search strategy from a Cochrane review on dietary interventions for cancer survivors was expanded to incorporate an additional criterion on the use of behaviour change theory and updated to September 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) testing a dietary intervention compared to the control were included. Standard Cochrane methodological procedures were used. Results: Nineteen RCTs, with 6261 participants (age range 44.6 to 73.1 years), were included in the review. The Social Cognitive Theory was the most frequently used theory (15 studies, 79%). Studies included between 4 to 17 behaviour change techniques. Due to limited information on the mediators of intervention and large heterogeneity between studies, no meta-analyses was conducted to assess which theoretical components of the interventions are effective. Conclusions: Whilst researchers have incorporated behaviour change theories into dietary interventions for cancer survivors, due to inconsistencies in design, evaluation and reporting, the effect of theories on survivors’ outcomes remains unclear.

Multiple Health Behavior Change for Weight Loss: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-571
Author(s):  
Megan S. Maisano ◽  
Eleanor T. Shonkoff ◽  
Sara C. Folta
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Multiple Health Behavior Change ◽  
Multiple Health

Objectives: In this scoping review, we examine the current state of literature on weight-related Multiple Health Behavior Change (MHBC). Specifically, we investigate: (1) MHBC versus single health behavior change (SHBC) interventions and (2) simultaneous versus sequential MHBC approaches. Secondarily, we explore (3) attributes that predict success in MHBC, and (4) the utilization of theoretical frameworks. Methods: We retrieved studies from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar within the 2000 to 2018 range. Results: MHBC interventions proved superior for long-term weight loss when compared to SHBC approaches. However, the literature is limited. Studies investigating simultaneous and sequential MHBC approaches are also limited and have mixed results. Predictive characteristics of MHBC include behavior adherence, risk level, stage of change, self-efficacy, social support, environmental barriers, and treatment approaches. Whereas evidence evaluating theory in MHBC programs remains scant, there is promising research on constructs from the Transtheoretical Model and Social Cognitive Theory. Conclusions: MHBC approaches may better support weight loss efforts. However, further research is needed to understand the effects of behavior change order and timing, predictive features of participants and interventions, and theoretical framework utilization in these weight-loss programs.

scholarly journals Use of Metabolomic Profiling to Understand Variability in Adiposity Changes Following an Intentional Weight Loss Intervention in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3188
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Quillen ◽  
Daniel P. Beavers ◽  
Anderson O’Brien Cox ◽  
Cristina M. Furdui ◽  
Jingyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Intentional Weight Loss

Inter-individual response to dietary interventions remains a major challenge to successful weight loss among older adults. This study applied metabolomics technology to identify small molecule signatures associated with a loss of fat mass and overall weight in a cohort of older adults on a nutritionally complete, high-protein diet. A total of 102 unique metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for 38 adults aged 65–80 years randomized to dietary intervention and 36 controls. Metabolite values were analyzed in both baseline plasma samples and samples collected following the six-month dietary intervention to consider both metabolites that could predict the response to diet and those that changed in response to diet or weight loss.Eight metabolites changed over the intervention at a nominally significant level: D-pantothenic acid, L-methionine, nicotinate, aniline, melatonin, deoxycarnitine, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, and 10-hydroxydecanoate. Within the intervention group, there was broad variation in the achieved weight-loss and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-defined changes in total fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass. Change in the VAT mass was significantly associated with the baseline abundance of α-aminoadipate (p = 0.0007) and an additional mass spectrometry peak that may represent D-fructose, myo-inositol, mannose, α-D-glucose, allose, D-galactose, D-tagatose, or L-sorbose (p = 0.0001). This hypothesis-generating study reflects the potential of metabolomic biomarkers for the development of personalized dietary interventions.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Model Map on Health and Nutrition Behavior (CMMHB/NB)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7829
Author(s):  
Kirsten Schlüter ◽  
Sandra Vamos ◽  
Corinne Wacker ◽  
Virginia D. E. Welter
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change Theories

The Conceptual Model Map (CMM) presented here is intended to show the connections between different theories and constructs in the field of health and nutrition behavior (including literacy models, the knowledge–attitude(s)–practice(s) survey structure (KAP), behavior change theories, and Maslow’s pyramid of needs). The CMM can be used as a map to locate existing and future studies, to show their range of effect as well as their limitations. In this context, the CMM also reveals reasons for the attitude/intention–behavior gap.

scholarly journals Out-of-Home Activities and Health in Older Adults: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 153944922110231
Author(s):  
Shlomit Rotenberg ◽  
Heather Fritz ◽  
Tracy Chippendale ◽  
Catherine Lysack ◽  
Malcolm Cutchin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Full Text Screening

Participating in out-of-home (OOH) activities has been shown to benefit health in older adults. This scoping review aimed to describe the nature of the literature on OOH activities and health in community dwelling older adults, and the operationalization of OOH activity and health-related variables. We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Four databases were searched; studies were selected through title/abstract and full-text screening; and data on study characteristics, sample, and OOH activity and health-related variables were extracted, and summarized descriptively. Sixty articles were identified. There was a considerable focus on leisure and social activities (78% and 75%, respectively) but no predominant health-related outcome was identified. Few studies analyzed sex/gender and/or racial differences (25% and 2%, respectively). Future studies may include systematic reviews focused on health outcomes associated with social and leisure OOH activities; as well as gender-based and/or race-based differences in OOH and health relationships.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet attenuates risk of frailty and sarcopenia: New insights and future directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McClure ◽  
Anthony Villani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

Sarcopenia and physical frailty are associated with progressive disability and predictive of negative health outcomes. Dietary interventions are considered the cornerstone in the management of sarcopenic symptomology and physical frailty. However few studies have investigated preventative strategies. Moreover, most studies have focused on the efficacy of individual nutrients or supplements rather than dietary patterns. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is a dietary pattern that provides evidence for an association between diet quality, healthy ageing and disease prevention. The purpose of this paper was to examine, synthesise and develop a narrative review of the current literature, investigating the potential benefits associated with adherence to a MedDiet and attenuation of physical frailty and sarcopenic symptomology in older adults. We also explored the underlying mechanisms underpinning the potential benefits of the MedDiet on ameliorating physical frailty and sarcopenic symptomology. Synthesis of the reviewed literature is suggestive of a decreased risk of physical frailty and sarcopenic symptomology with greater adherence to a MedDiet. We identified the anti-inflammatory and high antioxidant components of the MedDiet as two potential biological mechanisms involved. Due to a lack of evidence from RCTs to support the proposed physiological mechanisms, we suggest investigating these observations in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) whom are vulnerable to physical frailty and disability. A number of biological mechanisms describing the pathway to disability in older adults with T2DM have been postulated with many of these mechanisms potentially mitigated with dietary interventions involving the MedDiet. Exploring these mechanisms with the use of well-designed, longer-term dietary intervention studies in older adults with an increased vulnerability to physical frailty and sarcopenia is warranted.  

Teaching Behavior Change Theory in Canada: Establishing Consensus on Behavior Change Theories That Are Recommended to Be Taught to Undergraduate Students in Courses Addressing Health Behavior Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 237337992090617
Author(s):  
Heather L. Gainforth ◽  
Tineke E. Dineen ◽  
Emily E. Giroux ◽  
Tanya Forneris
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Consensus Methods ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Behavior Change Theories

There is little guidance on which behavior change theories should be taught in undergraduate courses addressing health behavior change. Delphi consensus methods provide a formal, systematic, and reproducible method for establishing consensus among experts. Objective. Use a Delphi methodology to establish consensus regarding behavior change theories that should be taught to undergraduate students enrolled in health behavior change courses. Method. An online Delphi consensus exercise was completed by instructors who were identified through a systematic search of 94 University course calendars to be teaching health behavior change content to undergraduate students in Canada. In Round 1, 22 participants generated a list of theories taught in undergraduate courses. In Rounds 2 and 3, participants indicated their level of agreement using an 11-point Likert-type scale as to which theories should be taught. Theories that reached predetermined consensus criteria were retained in each round. Results. In Round 1, participants listed over 50 different theories being taught in undergraduate courses. After Round 2, nine theories met consensus criteria which were refined to only six theories in Round 3 (i.e., behavior change wheel, self-determination theory, self-efficacy theory, social ecological model, social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior). Conclusions. A wide range of theories are taught in undergraduate courses. However, only a minority of these theories reached consensus criteria as being theories that should be taught to undergraduate students enrolled in courses addressing health behavior change. Findings can be used to improve the consistency and quality of instruction of behavior change theories at the undergraduate level.

scholarly journals Use of Metabolomic Profiling to Understand Variability in Adiposity Changes Following an Intentional Weight Loss Intervention in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E Quillen ◽  
Daniel P. Beavers ◽  
Anderson O'Brien Cox ◽  
Cristina M. Furdui ◽  
Jingyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Intentional Weight Loss ◽  
Total Fat

Introduction: Inter-individual response to dietary interventions remains a major challenge to successful weight loss among older adults. This study applied metabolomics technology to identify small molecule signatures associated with loss of fat mass and overall weight in a cohort of older adults on a nutritionally complete, high protein diet. Methods: 102 unique metabolites were measured using LC-MS for 38 adults aged 65-80 years randomized to dietary intervention and 36 controls. Metabolite values were analyzed in both baseline plasma samples and samples collected following the six-month dietary intervention to consider both metabolites that could predict response to diet and those that changed in response to diet or weight loss. Results: Eight metabolites changed over intervention at a nominally-significant level: D-pantothenic acid, L-methionine, nicotinate, aniline, melatonin, deoxycarnitine, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, and 10-hydroxydecanoate. Within the intervention group, there was broad variation in achieved weight-loss and DXA-defined changes in total fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass. Change in VAT mass was significantly associated with baseline abundance of α-aminoadipate (p = 0.0007) and an additional mass spectrometry peak that may represent D-fructose, myo-inositol, mannose, α-D-glucose, allose, D-galactose, D-tagatose, or L-sorbose (p = 0.0001). Discussion: This hypothesis-generating study reflects the potential of metabolomic biomarkers for the development of personalized dietary interventions.

Dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment and dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Nutritional Elements

Dietary intervention is an enticing approach in the fight against cognitive impairment. Nutritional supplements and dietetic counseling are relatively easy and benign interventions, but research has not yet yielded irrefutable evidence as to their clinical utility. Heterogeneity in the results of available clinical studies, as well as methodological and practical issues, does not allow replication and generalization of findings. The paper at hand reviews only randomized clinical trials of single nutrients, multi-nutrient formulations and dietary counseling in mild cognitive impairment and dementia of the Alzheimer's type focusing on both cognitive and functional outcomes. Thus far, folate, vitamin E, Ω-3 fatty acids, and certain multi-nutrient formulations have shown some preliminary promising results; larger, well-designed trials are needed to confirm these findings before nutritional elements can be incorporated in recommended clinical guidelines.

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