9. Conflict, Marxist and radical theories of crime

Criminology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Jones
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
The State ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Means Of Production

This chapter discusses the two contrasting views of society that have been repeatedly put forward through history. First is the consensus view, whereby it is claimed that society is based on a general consensus of values and that the state is operated in such a way as to protect this. Labelling theorists, such as Howard Becker, raised as a central issue the question ‘Who makes the rules and why?’ This reflected a contrasting, conflict view of society which recognises that society includes groups with competing values and interests. Unlike the consensus view, a conflict approach claims that the state does not uphold the interests of society as a whole, but only those of the groups that are powerful enough to control it. The best-known conflict theorist was Karl Marx, who argued that, in capitalist societies, the state is controlled by those who own the means of production.

9. Conflict, Marxist and radical theories of crime

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-208
Author(s):  
Stephen Jones
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
The State ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Means Of Production

This chapter discusses the two contrasting views of society that have been repeatedly put forward through history. First is the consensus view, whereby it is claimed that society is based on a general consensus of values and that the state is operated in such a way as to protect this. Labelling theorists, such as Howard Becker, raised as a central issue the question, ‘Who makes the rules and why?’ This reflected a contrasting, conflict view of society, which recognises that society includes groups with competing values and interests. Unlike the consensus view, a conflict approach claims that the state does not uphold the interests of society as a whole, but only those of the groups that are powerful enough to control it. The best-known conflict theorist was Karl Marx, who argued that, in capitalist societies, the state is controlled by those who own the means of production.

The Early Modern English State and the Question of Differentiation from 1550 to 1700

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Braddick
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Early Modern English

It is frequently said that, while historians are theoretically naïve, sociologists are insensitive to the particularities of specific historical situations; and that this insensitivity can seriously affect the usefulness of theory. What follows is an attempt to marry the critical insights of sociologists on a central issue, the state, with the sensitivity of historians to the modalities and particularities of the exercise of political and social power in a particular context, seventeenthcentury England. The result, it is hoped, is an account that benefits from the strengths of both.

Class Formation in the Swollen African State

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Political Change ◽  
African State ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Class Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Class And Status ◽  
Means Of Production

As the state has moved back to the centre of analysis of political change and conflict, increasing attention has focused on its rôle in forming new classes and in structuring the possibilities of class action. As Nelson Kasfir notes, both Marx and Weber ‘saw the vital role the state could play in consolidating the class position of a dominant social group’.1Neither, however, saw the state as the inherent locus of the process of class formation and of class domination. For Marx, the state was typically the instrument of a ruling class whose origin and basis was in control over the means of production. For Weber, power, class, and status were potentially independent dimensions of stratification.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Content Analysis of 75 Years of Diversity Research in Public Administration

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghna Sabharwal ◽  
Helisse Levine ◽  
Maria D’Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
The State ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Diversity In The Workplace ◽  
Over Time

Diversity is an important facet of public administration, thus it is important to take stock and examine how the discipline has evolved in response to questions of representative democracy, social equity, and diversity. This article assesses the state-of-the-field by addressing the following question: How has research on diversity in the field of public administration progressed over time? Specifically, we seek to examine how the focus of diversity has transformed over time and the way the field has responded to half a century of legislation and policies aimed at both promoting equality and embracing difference. We utilize a conceptual content analysis approach to examine articles published on diversity in seven key public administration journals since 1940. The implications of this study are of great importance given that diversity in the workplace is a central issue for modern public management.

scholarly journals The socio-economic approach to the study of main economic systems. Socialism and capitalism. Part 1.

Management ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Akulich ◽  
Jerzy Kaźmierczyk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Francis Fukuyama ◽  
New Form ◽  
Global Systems ◽  
Means Of Production

Summary The socio-economic approach to the study of main economic systems. Socialism and capitalism. Part 1. Society is explored with the help of various approaches and methods that allow us to analyze the economy, politics, culture and society. Society as a socio-economic system can be effectively studied from the standpoint of the socio-economic approach, which is implemented within the framework of the formational approach. It was formerly used e.g. by Daniel Bell, John Kenneth Galbraith, Karl Marx, Leonid Weger, Yoshihiro Francis Fukuyama, Erik Olin Wright, and Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein. Formational approach allows us to analyze the global social and economic systems of the 20th century: capitalism and socialism. From the standpoint of this approach, the main difference between capitalism and socialism is the presence or absence of private ownership of the means of production. This feature has an impact on all aspects of social life in these systems. During the existence of these global systems, we have accumulated a rich experience of development in all areas of social life, which is analyzed in this article. The proposed article considers the positive and negative aspects of the development of capitalism and socialism. The directions of development of social and economic systems towards new form of capitalism are described and analyzed.

scholarly journals KARL MARX’S VIEW OF THE PRODUCTIVE FORCES AND ITS DEVELOPMENT TODAY

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Kien Thi-Pham ◽  
Dung Bui-Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Means Of Production

When studying human society, Karl Marx affirmed that all changes in social life, in the end, originate from the transformation of the productive forces. The development of productive forces is expressed through the conquest of the nature of men. Productive forces reflect the actual capability of men in the process of creating wealth for society and ensuring human development. In any society, in order to create wealth, both workers and means of production are needed. Without instruments for the labor process, men cannot create wealth. That development provides us with more convincing practical evidence to continue affirming Karl Marx’s precise view of the productive forces, and at the same time requires us to supplement and develop his view on this issue inconsistent with reality. In the current context of globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is essential to clarify all the practical capabilities used in the production process of the society over the world’s development periods to promote social development. Therefore, this article clarifies the basic arguments to analyze Karl Marx’s view on the productive forces and see the need to refresh and supplement Karl Marx’s theory in the current situation.

scholarly journals On the beginnings of the Hungarian University of Economics, or the Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences in Budapest

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Ales Skrivan ◽  
Andrej Toth
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
The State ◽  
People's Party ◽  
National Archives ◽  
State Archives ◽  
University Of Budapest

The aim of the study is to describe in detail the beginnings of the Hungarian University of Economics, or the Karl Marx University of Economics in Budapest established in 1948 as the first Marxist university in Hungary. The study is based especially on the research in the State Archives of the Hungarian National Archives in Budapest and in the Archives of the Corvinus University of Budapest in the frame of broad research on the beginnings and the development of higher education of economic disciplines in the Central Europe. The study presents the initial period of the first separate economic university in Hungary on the background of the Hungarian Working People’s Party to get the higher education in country under its control. It is also summarized the original organizational structure of the Budapest’s University of Economics and its staff structure controlled by the Hungarian Working People’s Party as a party gradually taking over the country’s political power into its own hands at the turn of 1948 and 1949.

Karl Marx and Some Problems in the Theory of the State

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Gergenyi
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
The State

A broader construction of the EC treaty provisions on citizenship?

1998 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertina Albors-Llorens
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Dependent Child ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
The Real ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Full Time Employment

INMartinez Sala v. Freistaat Bayern (Case C-85/96, judgment of 12 May 1998, not yet reported), the Court of Justice has taken a step towards the clarification of the real force of the EC Treaty provisions on citizenship. Mrs. Martinez Sala was a Spanish national lawfully resident in Germany since 1968 and employed there at intervals between 1976 and 1989. In 1993, she applied to the State of Bavaria for a child-raising allowance, a benefit granted to all residents in Germany who had a dependent child in their care and were either unemployed or had no full-time employment. Her application was rejected on the grounds that at the time that she applied for the benefit she was not in possession of a residence permit, a requirement that had to be met by all non-German nationals. The central issue in the case was, therefore, whether Mrs. Martinez Sala had been discriminated against.

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