Obstetric assistance during labour and child birth as a perinatal risk factor

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition, which is characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and social dysfunction. Their onset occurs in early childhood and during this period, there are various factors associated with autism risk. Hence,the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of various perinatal risk factors and its association with ASD in children. Methods: This was a retrospective study, included 200 cases of ASD over 5 years registered in pediatric neurodevelopment clinic at TN Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai. Study population divided in two groups- cases of ASD with perinatal risk factor and cases of ASD without perinatal risk factor. The prevalence of various perinatal risk factors in children with different grades of ASD calculated. Results: Based on ISAA score 149(74.5%) cases had mild autism and 51(25.5%) cases had moderate autism. The prevalence of various perinatal risk factors in children with different grades of ASD was found to be 79.5%(159/200). Pregnancy induced hypertension, bad obstetric history in mother were signicant risk factor for ASD. Lower segment caesarian section as mode of delivery was risk factor found to be associated more with mild form of autism, but statistically signicant association was found with vacuum delivery. We observed prematurity, low birth weight (LBW) and neonatal seizures as signicant risk factor, which may have contribution towards pathogenesis of ASD. Conclusion: The awareness between pediatrician and obstetrician about association of perinatal risk factors and ASD will denitely add to prevention and timely intervention of high risk patients.

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A DESCRIPTION OF PERINATAL AS A RISK FACTOR OF CHILDREN’S SENSORINEURAL HEARING DISORDER IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY (ENT) POLYCLINIC OF ABDUL WAHAB HOSPITAL SJAHRANIE IN SAMARINDA

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.30650/jik.v8i1.1263 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

Inna Inna Adilah ◽

Moriko Pratiningrum

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Sensorineural Hearing ◽

Hearing Disorder ◽

Common Risk Factor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perinatal Risk Factors ◽

Perinatal Risk ◽

Common Risk Factors

Sensorineural Hearing Disorder in children could give a significant impact on everyday life and would cause loneliness, isolation, and frustration on children. Perinatal risk factors are important to note because they could be detected from newborn and could be an indication for the baby to do the screening. The purpose of hearing screening in newborns is to find hearing loss as early as possible so that habilitation can be done immediately. The purpose of this study was to describe perinatal period as risk factors for Sensorineural Hearing Disorder in children. The subjects of this study were children who has done BERA examinations at the Otolaryngology (ENT) Polyclinic of Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital in Samarinda from January 2017 – June 2019. The design of this study was observational descriptive with cross-sectional method. There were 65 children as sample which consisted of 39 (60%) boys and 26 (40%) girls. BERA examination age that was found in this study has not reached the optimal standard if it is referring to the JCIH standard with the most age group is 3 years old. 37 (56.9%) children suffered from Sensorineural Hearing Disorder. 27 (41.5%) children had perinatal risk factors. The most common risk factors was jaundice which the researchers found on 11 (16.9%) children. 20 (30.8%) children who have perinatal risk factors and Sensorineural Hearing Disorder with the most common risk factor is LBW are as many as 10 (15.4%).

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Perinatal Risk Factors and ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Hierarchical Structure of Disorder Predictors

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054716643389 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 855-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomasz Hanć ◽

Anita Szwed ◽

Agnieszka Słopień ◽

Tomasz Wolańczyk ◽

Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Control Group ◽

High Birth Weight ◽

Perinatal Risk ◽

Term Birth ◽

The Relationship ◽

Perinatal Risk Factor

Objective: The aim of the study was to hierarchically assess the predictive power of low and high birth weight, pre-term and post-term birth, and low Apgar score as the risk factors for ADHD. Method: The data of 132 boys diagnosed with ADHD and 146 boys from control group, aged 6 to 18 years, have been analyzed. The boys were categorized according to term of birth, birth weight, and Apgar score. CART method (Classification and Regression Trees) was used for assessment of the relationship between perinatal factors and the risk of ADHD. Results: Low Apgar score (21.97% vs. 13.01%) and post-term birth (12.12% vs. 0.68%) were more frequent in the sample than in the control group. CART method additionally indicated low birth weight as associated with the risk of ADHD. Among analyzed risk factors, Apgar score had the highest predictive value. Conclusion: The decreased Apgar score is the most important perinatal risk factor of ADHD. Research results also indicated a high significance of post-term birth in predicting the disorder.

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Forecasting the possibility of neonatal early onset sepsis based on perinatal risk factors

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202611 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 1534

Author(s):

Kiran C. Pankaj ◽

Sristi Ganguly ◽

Manas R. Upadhyay

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Early Onset ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Perinatal Risk Factors ◽

Perinatal Risk ◽

Early Onset Sepsis

Background: Neonatal sepsis remains a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, diagnosis of which remains difficult due to variable presentations. With the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is important to identify perinatal risk factors which are associated with higher incidence of definite sepsis, to initiate empirical antibiotics, while awaiting blood culture reports.Methods: This was hospital based cross-sectional study done in SVPPGIP, Cuttack, Odisha during January 2019 to April 2019, enrolling all neonates ≥37 weeks gestation and aged less than 72 hours, with suspected early onset sepsis. Neonates with TORCH infections, congenital anomalies, syndromic baby or with surgical conditions were excluded. After obtaining informed consent, blood culture was sent for all and their perinatal risk factors noted. Blood culture positive newborns were considered to have definite sepsis. Data was analysed with Chi-square test and percentages, using SPSS 18.Results: Among the 200 cases, incidence of definite sepsis was 26%. The most common risk factor was low birth weight and birth asphyxia. Majority (67%) had single or lesser risk factor and number of risk factors was significantly associated with definite sepsis. A significant association was seen between blood culture positivity with low birth weight (p=0.003), foul smelling liquor (p= 0.025), birth asphyxia (p 0.018) and premature rupture of membranes (p= 0.016). The combination of maternal fever and unclean vaginal examination was also significantly associated with the same.Conclusions: Protocols for initiating empiric antibiotics need to be formulated, taking into account the significant risk factors, in resource limited settings, to avoid resource and time wastage.

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Abstract P148: Developing a Childhood Obesity Risk Score System Based on Perinatal and Postnatal Risk Factors

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.p148 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Christa Lilly ◽

Amna Umer ◽

Candice Hamilton ◽

Cris Britton ◽

Collin John ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Risk Score ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Score System ◽

Perinatal Risk ◽

Adiposity Rebound ◽

Risk Score System

Introduction: Few studies have examined the relationship between perinatal and postnatal birth factors with later childhood obesity. One notable exception found only infant weight-related factors (such as adiposity rebound) related to weight at age 7, but not other potential risk factors (such as breastfeeding, parity, maternal age, etc., Reilly et al 2005) Our goal with the current study was to expand earlier work, utilizing an Appalachian sample, and to develop a risk score based on an expanded set of risk factors. Methods: The study used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets in West Virginia (N=22136). Risk score development followed the tutorial by Sullivan et al (2004). The outcome was defined as childhood obesity at age 10 and calculated as children with 95th percentile BMI for their age and gender. The perinatal predictors included sex, race, health insurance status, family history of cholesterol and cardiovascular disease, smoking during pregnancy, maternal age at birth, breastfeeding intention at birth, and birth weight of the infant. ROC analysis was then performed to establish a cut-off that would maximize the sensitivity and specificity of the perinatal risk factor scores in predicting childhood obesity. Results: Table 1 shows the significant risk factors and associated points. A score of 17 maximized sensitivity (50%) and specificity (60%) using the combined risk factor system for predicting childhood obesity at age 10. Nearly 43% (N=4054 of 9494) of the children had a high perinatal risk score; of those, 34.24% (N=1388) were obese (compared to 26.53% of those with a low perinatal risk score). The odds of being obese in fifth grade were 1.44 (95%CI: 1.32, 1.58) times among those who had a high perinatal score compared to those who had a low score. Discussion: The results of the study can help in identifying infants at birth who are at higher risk of developing childhood obesity. Future research should include other predictors to increase sensitivity and specificity of the risk score system.

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Wife murder: Female baby a risk factor

Medico-Legal Journal ◽

10.1177/0025817220909071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 179-181

Author(s):

Mohit Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Female Child ◽

Complex Case ◽

Child Birth ◽

Female Baby

There is less reporting and research on uxoricide, owing to wide heterogeneity and multiple sub-types of perpetrators. We present a rare complex case following birth of a girl. A jobless husband obscured the murder of his wife combining sundry sharp, blunt and asphyxiating forces which were discovered at autopsy. Female child birth is proposed as an independent risk factor previously unreported.

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Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Biochemical Society Symposium ◽

10.1042/bss0710121 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 121-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ascan Warnholtz ◽

Maria Wendt ◽

Michael August ◽

Thomas Münzel

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

No Production ◽

Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

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