scholarly journals Cessation and reduction in smoking behavior: impact of creating a smoke-free home on smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Haardörfer ◽  
M Kreuter ◽  
C J Berg ◽  
C Escoffery ◽  
Ł T Bundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a creating a smoke-free home (SFH) on cessation and reduction of cigarette smoking on low-income smokers. This secondary data analysis uses data from study participants who were originally recruited through 2-1-1 information and referral call centers in Atlanta (Georgia, 2013), North Carolina (2014) and the Texas Gulf Coast (2015) across three randomized controlled trials testing an intervention aimed at creating SFHs, pooling data from 941 smokers. Participants who reported adopting a SFH were more likely to report quitting smoking than those who did not adopt a SFH. This was true at 3-month follow-up and even more pronounced at 6-month follow-up and persisted when considering only those who consistently reported no smoking at 3 and 6 months. Among those who did not stop smoking, the number of cigarettes per day declined significantly more and quit attempts were more frequent for those who created a SFH compared with those who did not. Findings suggest that creating a SFH facilitates cessation, reduces cigarette consumption and increases quit attempts. Future studies should assess the long-term impact of SFHs on sustaining cessation.

scholarly journals The Association of Knowledge, Attitudes and Access with Park Use before and after a Park-Prescription Intervention for Low-Income Families in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooshin Razani ◽  
Nancy K. Hills ◽  
Doug Thompson ◽  
George W. Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Park Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Perceived Access

We conducted secondary data analyses of pooled data from a clinical trial that prescribed park visits to children and their caregivers in a low-income, urban setting. Data were collected at the prescribing visit (baseline) and at one and three months of follow up from 78 families. Family characteristics were identified at baseline; regression models were used to explore changes during follow up in associations of park use with knowledge, attitudes and perceived access to parks. At baseline, park users differed from non-users in demographics, knowledge of park locations, attitudes about the value of park visits, but not affinity for nature. Park users were also more likely than non-users to feel that their neighborhood was safe for children to play in. Changes in knowledge of park locations, nature affinity, and perceived access to parks were each significantly associated with increased park use by families at one and three months after the park prescription. Adjusting for age, gender, race, poverty, and US birth, increases in knowing the location of parks were associated with an increase of 0.27 weekly park visits (95% CI 0.05, 0.49; p = 0.016); increases in feeling a caregiver had money to visit parks were associated with 0.48 more weekly park visits (95% CI 0.28, 0.69; p < 0.001); increases in perceived money for park outings were associated with 0.24 increased park visits per week (95% CI 0.05, 0.42; p = 0.01); each unit increase in nature affinity was associated with 0.34 more weekly park visits (95% CI 0.09, 0.59; p = 0.007). In other words, knowing where to go, valuing nature, and having time, and money contributed to increased likelihood of visiting a park. We discuss in terms of health behavior theory how demographics, knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers to park use can inform park prescription interventions.

scholarly journals Long term impact on lung function of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. A prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Qureshi ◽  
Nosheen Nasir ◽  
Naveed Haroon Rashid ◽  
Naveed Ahmed ◽  
Zoya Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
List Type ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionA significant number of patients continue to recover from COVID-19; however, little is known about the lung function capacity among survivors. We aim to determine the long-term impact on lung function capacity in patients who have survived moderate or severe COVID-19 disease in a resource-poor setting.Methods and analysisThis prospective cohort study will include patients aged 15 years and above and have reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for COVID 19 (nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal). Patients with a pre-existing diagnosis of obstructive or interstitial lung disease, lung fibrosis and cancers, connective tissue disorders, autoimmune conditions affecting the lungs, underlying heart disease, history of syncope and refuse to participate will be excluded. Pulmonary function will be assessed using spirometry and diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) at three- and six-months interval. A chest X-ray at three and six-month follow-up and CT-chest will be performed if clinically indicated after consultation with the study pulmonologist or Infectious Disease (ID) physician. Echocardiogram (ECHO) to look for pulmonary hypertension at the three months visit and repeated at six months if any abnormality is identified initially. Data analysis will be performed using standard statistical software.Ethics and disseminationThe proposal was reviewed and approved by ethics review committee (ERC) of the institution (ERC reference number 2020-4735-11311). Informed consent will be obtained from each study participant. The results will be disseminated among study participants, institutional, provincial and national level through seminars and presentations. Moreover, the scientific findings will be published in high-impact peer-reviewed medical journals.Strengths and Limitations of this study-The study has the potential to develop context-specific evidence on the long-term impact on lung function among COVID-19 survivors-Findings will play key role in understanding the impact of the disease on vital functions and help devise rehabilitative strategies to best overcome the effects of disease-This is a single-center, study recruiting only a limited number of COVID-19 survivors-The study participants may loss-to-follow up due to uncertain conditions and disease reemergence

scholarly journals A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Brief Interventions to Encourage Quit Attempts in Smokers From Socioeconomic Disadvantage

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1500-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc L Steinberg ◽  
Rachel L Rosen ◽  
Mark V Versella ◽  
Allison Borges ◽  
Teresa M Leyro
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Brief Interventions ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts

Abstract Introduction Cigarette smoking disproportionately affects communities of low socioeconomic status where greater smoking prevalence and poorer cessation rates have been observed. Utilizing brief evidence-based interventions to increase cessation attempts may be an effective and easily disseminable means by which to mitigate undue burden in this population. Aims and Methods The current intervention randomized daily smokers (N = 57) recruited from a local community soup kitchen to receive either Brief (eg, 30 m) Motivational Interviewing, Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) sampling, or a Referral-Only intervention. Approximately half of participants (50.9%) reported not completing high school and many reported either just (41.4%) or not (40.4%) meeting basic expenses. Follow-up was completed approximately 1-month postintervention. Results Nonsignificant group differences indicated that participants randomized to the NRT sampling condition were more likely to make a quit attempt (moderate effect size). Approximately 40% of the sample reported making a serious quit attempt at follow-up. Significant differences in cigarettes per day at follow-up, controlling for baseline, were observed, with participants in the Motivational Interviewing condition, only, reporting significant reductions. Participants randomized to the NRT condition were significantly more likely to report using NRT patch and lozenge at follow-up (large effect). There were no differences between groups with respect to seeking behavioral support. Finally, we found that subjective financial strain moderated the effect of condition on change in cigarette consumption where NRT sampling was more effective for participants reporting less financial strain. Conclusions Findings provide initial evidence for personalizing brief interventions to promote quit attempts in low-income smokers. Implications While most clinical research on tobacco use and dependence focuses on successful sustained abstinence, the current study is novel because it examined three brief interventions designed to increase the number of quit attempts made by a nontreatment-seeking group suffering from health disparities (ie, smokers from socioeconomic disadvantage). These data suggest that nontreatment-seeking smokers from socioeconomic disadvantage can be influenced by Brief MIs and these interventions should be used to motivate smokers from socioeconomic disadvantage to make a quit attempt. Future studies should examine combined MIs including pharmacological and behavioral interventions.

scholarly journals Intention to Read to Newborns Following a Brief Reading Promotion Intervention among Low-Income Pregnant Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Deshanett Clay ◽  
Carolyn R. Ahlers-Schmidt ◽  
Mary Benton ◽  
Matt Engel ◽  
Molly Brown
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Actual Reading ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Reading To Children

Introduction. Reading to children can increase word knowledge andsuccess in school. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommendsbeginning reading at birth. However, children from low-incomefamilies are exposed to less words, including reading exposure, thanchildren from high-income families.Methods.xPregnant women attending a community prenatal educationprogram targeted at high-risk and low-income populationswere recruited into this study. Participants completed a pre-survey,engaged with a brief educational intervention, then completed amatched post-survey. Surveys assessed perceived benefits, intendedbehaviors, and self-efficacy regarding reading to their child.Results. Of 61 eligible participants, 54 (89%) completed the study.Participants reported being Black (33%), White (30%), Hispanic(28%), and other race (9%). Average gestational age at enrollmentwas 27 weeks (range 13 to 38 weeks). The average age of respondentswas 26 years (SD = 7.2); 46% reported being pregnant for the firsttime. Following the intervention, no change in knowledge regardingbenefits of reading was observed, however, baseline knowledge washigh (58% - 94%). At post-test, significantly more women reported itwas important to start reading to their child at birth (83% vs 56%; p< 0.001) and that they planned to start reading to their child at birth(70% vs 50%; p = 0.001).Conclusions. A brief educational intervention showed promise inincreasing pregnant women’s intentions to read to their children andshould be considered in conjunction with other reading promotionprograms. Follow-up to assess actual reading behavior is needed.Kans J Med 2019;12(2):50-52.

Takore i te Kai Ava’ava (Quit smoking), a mCessation Program Adapted for the Cook Islands: Indicators of Potential for Tobacco Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 714-720
Author(s):  
Teinatangi Ringi ◽  
Josephine Aumea Herman ◽  
Maina Tairi ◽  
Rosie Dobson ◽  
Vili Nosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Evidence Of Impact

Mobile phone–based smoking cessation interventions (mCessation) are an established evidence-based intervention designed to support smokers to quit. Evidence of impact to date is modestly positive but skewed in favor of high-resourced countries, with less evidence of value added to low-resourced settings. Takore i te Kai Ava’ava, a text message–based smoking cessation program, was delivered to smokers living on the island of Rarotonga in 2019. Eighty-eight smokers consented to take part. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire about current smoking behavior and previous quit attempts; follow-up measures at 2 months assess quit attempts feedback on the program. Thirty-two people completed the follow-up interviews; 10 (31%) had not smoked in the past 7 days, 23 (72%) reported a serious quit attempt, and 29 (91%) felt the program was effective for the Cook Islands. Takore i te Kai Ava’ava was deemed to be highly acceptable and potentially cost-effective.

The Legacy of Physical Education: Influences on Adult Lifestyle

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Shephard ◽  
François Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Value ◽  
Early Adult Life ◽  
Long Term Impact

It is now well-established that well-designed programs can induce short-term gains in aerobic fitness, muscular strength, and physical performance, although during the primary school years, gains may be somewhat less than in adults. Long-term effects have as yet had little investigation. Most studies have looked simply at the tracking of activity patterns and associated lifestyle variables, usually from mid or late adolescence into early adult life. Although statistically significant, such tracking has been relatively weak. Further, in the absence of an experimental intervention, such studies provide little information on the long-term health value of physical education. The potential for obtaining definitive information is suggested by a long-term (20+ year) follow-up of participants in the Trois Rivières study. This program was well-perceived by participants, and the data obtained on adults suggest it may have had some favorable long-term impact on activity patterns, physiological parameters, and smoking behavior.

scholarly journals The New Patterns study: coordinated measures to combat child poverty

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482095645
Author(s):  
Eirin Mølland ◽  
Kristine L. Vigsnes ◽  
Tormod Bøe ◽  
Hilde Danielsen ◽  
Kjetil Grimastad Lundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Implementation Data

Background Child poverty rates are rising in Norway with potential negative consequences for children. Services for families with low income are often fragmented and poorly integrated, and few coordinated initiatives have been implemented and evaluated in Norway. Aims: The aim of the current study is to evaluate how integrated and coordinated services provided over a prolonged period by a family coordinator are related to changes across a wide range of health, wellbeing and home environment indicators for the participants. Methods: The study uses a mixed methods approach utilising survey and register data, as well as information from interviews and shadowing, to document and evaluate outcomes associated with the intervention and the process of implementation. Data are gathered at baseline and annually throughout the duration of the study. Participants are identified to facilitate longer-term follow-up using register data. Conclusions: This project will develop important knowledge about the implementation of coordinated services to families with a low income, and how this way of organizing services influences important outcomes for the family members in the short and long term.

Change in smoking behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic

MedAlliance ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
The Face ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Aim: Study the smoking status during the COVID-19 pandemic among the subscribers of Quitline of the Rus-sian Federation. Маterials and methods. Smokers’ (18–74 years of age) presentations to the Quitline from January 2020 to June 2021 have been reviewed. Subscribers were asked questions on smoking status (number of cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence) prior and during COVID-19 pandemic; motivation to stop tobacco smoking. Were of-fered 1-month phone follow-up (calls on the day of quit-ting, and then on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30). The effective-ness of quitting smoking was assessed after 30 days and after 6 months from the day of stopping smoking. Results and discussion. The number of those who called to seek help in quitting smoking rose 40% in March and 59% in April — August 2020 compared to beginning of 2020 (p<0.05). 65% made an attempt to stop smoking. The number of subscribers grew who were quitting smoking not only for the sake of health, but also for economic rea-sons (35%), and because of the lack of smoking company (10%). Among those who called the Quitline during the COVID-19 pandemic in an attempt to become tobacco-free, 29.4% decreased consumption of tobacco, 23.2% increased it, and 47.4% remained without any change in terms of smoking status. When stress and fear were pres-ent in the face of new coronavirus infection, the smokers significantly more often started smoking more cigarettes a day compared to previous levels (RR 1.72 95% CI 0.752-4.130). When working from home (46.3%), the smokers smoked less cigarettes a day (17.8±1.4, p<0.05) compared to work in the office. The chances to decrease the num-ber of cigarettes when shifting to home-office mode are: OR 1.967 (95% CI 0.757–5.109). The effectiveness of 30-days and 6-months abstinence did not depend on when the decision to stop smoking was made (prior to pandem-ic, in its first months, or in the first half of 2021). Conclu-sion. The study demonstrated that during the pandemic the fear for own health in the face of a new coronavirus infection raised the risks of more cigarettes a day. When working from home, the smokers changed their smoking behavior more often.

scholarly journals Assessment of a Personal Interactive Carbon Monoxide Breath Sensor in People Who Smoke Cigarettes: Single-Arm Cohort Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D Marler ◽  
Craig A Fujii ◽  
Kristine S Wong ◽  
Joseph A Galanko ◽  
Daniel J Balbierz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Existing evidence-based treatments are underutilized and have seen little recent innovation. The success of personal biofeedback interventions in other disease states portends a similar opportunity in smoking cessation. The Pivot Breath Sensor is a personal interactive FDA-cleared (over-the-counter) device that measures carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaled breath, enabling users to link their smoking behavior and CO values, and track their progress in reducing or quitting smoking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the Pivot Breath Sensor in people who smoke cigarettes, evaluating changes in attitudes toward quitting smoking, changes in smoking behavior, and use experience. METHODS US adults (18-80 years of age, ≥10 cigarettes per day [CPD]) were recruited online for this remote 12-week study. Participants completed a screening call, informed consent, and baseline questionnaire, and then were mailed their sensor. Participants were asked to submit 4 or more breath samples per day and complete questionnaires at 1-4, 8, and 12 weeks. Outcomes included attitudes toward quitting smoking (Stage of Change, success to quit, and perceived difficulty of quitting), smoking behavior (quit attempts, CPD reduction, and 7-, 30-day point prevalence abstinence [PPA]), and use experience (impact and learning). RESULTS Participants comprised 234 smokers, mean age 39.9 (SD 11.3) years, 52.6% (123/234) female, mean CPD 20.3 (SD 8.0). The 4- and 12-week questionnaires were completed by 92.3% (216/234) and 91.9% (215/234) of participants, respectively. Concerning attitude outcomes, at baseline, 15.4% (36/234) were seriously thinking of quitting in the next 30 days, increasing to 38.9% (84/216) at 4 weeks and 47.9% (103/215) at 12 weeks (both <i>P</i>&lt;.001). At 12 weeks, motivation to quit was increased in 39.1% (84/215), unchanged in 54.9% (118/215), and decreased in 6.0% (13/215; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Additional attitudes toward quitting improved from baseline to 12 weeks: success to quit 3.3 versus 5.0 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and difficulty of quitting 2.8 versus 4.3 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Regarding smoking behavior, at 4 weeks, 28.2% (66/234) had made 1 or more quit attempts (≥1 day of abstinence), increasing to 48.3% (113/234) at 12 weeks. At 4 weeks, 23.1% (54/234) had reduced CPD by 50% or more, increasing to 38.5% (90/234) at 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, CPD decreased by 41.1% from baseline (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and 7- and 30-day PPA were 12.0% (28/234) and 6.0% (14/234), respectively. Concerning use experience, 75.3% (171/227) reported the sensor increased their motivation to quit. More than 90% (&gt;196/214) indicated the sensor taught them about their CO levels and smoking behavior, and 73.1% (166/227) reported that seeing their CO values made them want to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS Use of the Pivot Breath Sensor resulted in a significant increase in motivation to quit, a reduction in CPD, and favorable quit attempt rates. These outcomes confer increased likelihood of quitting smoking. Accordingly, the results support a role for biofeedback via personal CO breath sampling in smoking cessation. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04133064; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04133064

scholarly journals Evidence for lower threshold for diagnosis of hypertension: inferences from an urban-slum cohort in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onkar Awadhiya ◽  
Ankit Tiwari ◽  
Premlata Solanki ◽  
Anuja Lahiri ◽  
Neelesh Shrivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Incident Hypertension

Background Hypertension (HTN) is a key risk-factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Blood-pressure (BP) categorizations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 and 140 remain debatable. In the current study we aim to evaluate if individuals with a baseline SBP between 130-140 mm Hg (hypertension as per AHA 2017 guidelines) have a significantly higher proportion of incident hypertension on follow-up, as compared to those with SBP between 120-130 mm Hg. Methods Secondary data analysis was performed in a community-based cohort, instituted, and followed since 2017. Participants were aged ≥30 years, residents of urban slums in Bhopal. BP was measured at or near home by Community Health Workers (CHWs). Two-year follow up was completed in 2019. We excluded participants who were on BP reduction therapy, had fewer than two out-of-office BP measurements and who could not be followed. Eligible participants were re-classified based on baseline BP in four categories: Normal (Category-A), Elevated-BP (Category-B), Variable-BP (Category-C) and reclassified HTN based on AHA-2017 (Category-D). Proportion of individuals who developed incident hypertension on follow up was primary outcome. Result Out of 2649 records, 768 (28.9%), 647 (24.4%), 586 (22.1%), 648 (24.4%) belonged to Categories A, B, C and D respectively. Incident HTN with cut-off of 140/90 mm Hg was, 1.6%, 2.6%, 6.7%, 12% in categories A, B, C and D respectively. Incidence of incident hypertension in individuals with a baseline SBP between 130-140 mm Hg (Category D) was significantly higher as compared to those with SBP between 120-130 mm Hg (Category B). Conclusion We conclude that biological basis for AHA-2017 definition of hypertension is relatively robust also for low income and resource-limited settings. Evidence from our longitudinal study will be useful for policy makers for harmonizing national guidelines with AHA-2017. Keywords- hypertension, elevated blood pressure, community health worker, cardiovascular diseases

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