The relationship between vertebral number and water temperature in cod

The study of the relations between the senses of smell and taste and odorant concentration is important for the solution of odor problems. The threshold concentrations of odor and taste (TOC, TTC) of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin were measured by the non-forced choice triangle method using 12-20 panelists. Both TOC and TTC were found to be functions of water temperature and the concentration of residual chlorine. The TOC and TTC of mixed samples were rather lower than the concentrations calculated from the mixing ratio. The sensitivities of the consumer panel and the number of musty odor complaints from consumers are related to MIB or geosmin concentration. The ratio of the number of complaints to MIB (or geosmin) concentration decreased after maximum complaint, but the sensitivity of the consumer panel remained the same.

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Estimating the influence of temperature on the survival of chinook salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) migrating through the Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta of California

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f95-085 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 855-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Peter Fritz Baker ◽

Franklin K. Ligon ◽

Terence P. Speed

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Chinook Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽

Logistic Function ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Natural Systems ◽

San Joaquin River ◽

Influence Of Temperature On ◽

The Relationship ◽

Good Agreement

Data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are used to investigate the relationship between water temperature and survival of hatchery-raised fall-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts migrating through the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta of California. A formal statistical model is presented for the release of smolts marked with coded-wire tags (CWTs) in the lower Sacramento River and the subsequent recovery of marked smolts in midwater trawls in the Delta. This model treats survival as a logistic function of water temperature, and the release and recovery of different CWT groups as independent mark–recapture experiments. Iteratively reweighted least squares is used to fit the model to the data, and simulation is used to establish confidence intervals for the fitted parameters. A 95% confidence interval for the upper incipient lethal temperature, inferred from the trawl data by this method, is 23.01 ± 1.08 °C This is in good agreement with published experimental results obtained under controlled conditions (24.3 ± 0.1 and 25.1 ± 0.1 °C for chinook salmon acclimatized to 10 and 20 °C, respectively): this agreement has implications for the applicability of laboratory findings to natural systems.

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Hubungan Kecepatan Pendinginan Air dengan Kecepatan Tiupan Udara

Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) ◽

10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v2i0.16404 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 241

Author(s):

Taat Guswantoro ◽

Manogari Sianturi ◽

Nurafni Prapitasari ◽

Areli Elona

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Hot Water ◽

Water Cooling ◽

Exponential Regression ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: In this study hot water was placed in two erlenmeyer scale 100 ml clogged and without plug, each filled with 150 ml hot water and allowed to cool in air. Measurement of water temperature using sensor connected to the interface and recorded using the pasco capstone 14.1. The wind is raised with the fan, to adjust the wind speed by adjusting the fan distance, the speed is measured using an anemometer. The water cooling constant is obtained by a decay exponential regression analysis of temperature vs time. The relationship between water colling coefficient with wind speed is used linear regression. From the research, the water cooling coefficient naturally for clogging erlenmeyer is 3,1 x 10-4 s-1 and for erlenmeyer without plug 3.8 x 10-4 s-1, the rate of change of water cooling constant to wind speed is 1 , 4 x 10-4 m-1. Abstrak: Pada penelitian ini air panas ditempatkan dalam dua buah erlenmeyer berskala 100 ml bersumbat dan tanpa sumbat, masing-masing diisi air panas dengan volume 150 ml dan dibiarkan mendingin di udara. Pengukuran suhu air dengan menggunakan sensor panas yang dihubungkan ke interface dan dicatat menggunakan program pasco capstone 14.1. Angin dibangkitkan dengan kipas, untuk mengatur kecepatan angin dengan cara mengatur jarak kipas, kecepatan angin diukur menggunakan anemometer. Konstanta pendinginan air diperoleh dengan analisis regresi eksponensial meluruh dari data suhu dan waktu. Hubungan antara koefisien pendinginan air dengan kecepatan angin digunakan regresi linier. Dari penelitian diperoleh koefisien pendinginan air secara alami untuk erlenmeyer tersumbat sebesar 3,1 x 10-4 s-1 dan untuk erlenmeyer tanpa sumbat sebesar 3,8 x 10-4 s-1, laju perubahan konstanta pendinginan air terhadap kecepatan angin adalah sebesar 1,4 x 10-4 m-1.

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On the Relationship between water temperature and catch fluctuations of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the northern waters of the Japan Sea.

NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI ◽

10.2331/suisan.68.866 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 866-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

TAE-GI OH ◽

KAZUMI SAKURAMOTO ◽

SEIZO HASEGAWA

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Japan Sea ◽

Walleye Pollock ◽

Theragra Chalcogramma ◽

Walleye Pollock Theragra Chalcogramma ◽

The Japan Sea ◽

The Relationship

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Ecology of juvenile and adolescent banana prawns, Penaeus merguiensis, in a mangrove estuary and adjacent off-shore area of the Gulf of Carpentaria. I. Immigration and settlement of postlarvae

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9800635 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 635 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

DJ Stapels

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

River Mouth ◽

Flood Tide ◽

Trade Wind ◽

Wet Season ◽

Annual Cycles ◽

North West ◽

Immigration And Settlement ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Relationship

The hydrology of the Norman River and adjacent off-shore region in the Gulf of Carpentaria is dominated by the alternation of a summer north-west monsoon and a winter south-east trade wind. The seasonality in both air temperature and rainfall is reflected in marked annual cycles of water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen and nutrient (nitrate and silicate) levels. Near the mouth of the river; water temperature ranged from 15.0�C in June to 32.7�C in February, while salinity ranged from c. 0‰, in December and February to 38.2‰, in September. Postlarval banana prawns, P. merguiensis, were found in the river from November to May. but immigration was essentially restricted to the period immediately preceding the wet season (mid November). Maximum numbers ofjuvenile prawns occurred approximately 2 weeks later. A marked tidal periodicity in the movement of postlarvae was observed; postlarvae were present in the water column at the mouth of the river only during the flood tide with maximum numbers moving into the river at the time of maximum flood tide velocity. Incoming postlarvae settled out in the shallow water along the banks of the river (within 10 m of the shoreline), inland as far as 85 km. A lager catch of smaller prawns 48-72 km up-stream (salinity 10-20‰,) suggested that this area was the main settlement area for postlarvae. The population, however, contracted towards the river mouth during the wet season. concentrating the prawns in an area extending only a few kilometres up-river. Most prawns were caught on the muddy substrate adjacent to the mangrove (Avicennia sp.) fringe which lines the numerous bends in the river. Mechanisms for transporting larvae into the estuary and the relationship between the seasonality of physical and chemical parameters and immigration of postlarvae are discussed.

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A Survey on the Relationship between Ocean Subsurface Temperature and Tropical Cyclone over the Western North Pacific

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2020/9290837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Difu Sun ◽

Junqiang Song ◽

Kaijun Ren ◽

Xiaoyong Li ◽

Guangjie Wang

Keyword(s):

Tropical Cyclone ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

North Pacific ◽

Western North Pacific ◽

Vertical Wind Shear ◽

Longwave Radiation ◽

Subsurface Water ◽

Subsurface Temperature ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between ocean subsurface temperature and tropical cyclone (TC) over the western North Pacific (WNP) is studied based on the TC best-track data and global reanalysis data during the period of 1948–2012. Here the TC frequency (TCF), lifespan, and genesis position of TCs are analysed. A distinctive negative correlation between subsurface water temperature and TCF is observed, especially the TCF in the southeastern quadrant of the WNP (0–15°N, 150–180°E). According to the detrended subsurface temperature anomalies of the 125 m depth layer in the main TC genesis area (0–30°N, 100–180°E), we selected the subsurface cold and warm years. During the subsurface cold years, TCs tend to have a longer mean lifespan and a more southeastern genesis position than the subsurface warm years in general. To further investigate the causes of this characteristic, the TC genesis potential indexes (GPI) are used to analyse the contributions of environmental factors to TC activities. The results indicate that the negative correlation between subsurface water temperature and TCF is mainly caused by the variation of TCF in the southeastern quadrant of the WNP, where the oceanic and atmospheric environments are related to ocean subsurface conditions. Specifically, compared with the subsurface warm years, there are larger relative vorticity, higher relative humidity, smaller vertical wind shear, weaker net longwave radiation, and higher ocean mixed layer temperature in the southeastern quadrant during cold years, which are all favorable for genesis and development of TC.

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The Relationship between Diatoms and Water Temperature in Thirty Subarctic Fennoscandian Lakes

Arctic and Alpine Research ◽

10.2307/1551838 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Jan Weckstrom ◽

Atte Korhola ◽

Tom Blom

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

The Relationship

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Pleomerism, the Widespread Tendency Among Related Fish Species for Vertebral Number to be Correlated with Maximum Body Length

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f75-283 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 2453-2469 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

C. C. Lindsey

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

Fish Species ◽

Population Biology ◽

Maximum Size ◽

Maximum Length ◽

Latitudinal Gradients ◽

Vertebral Number ◽

Sea Snakes ◽

The Relationship ◽

Maximum Body

Data for 3137 fish species were analyzed for possible correlations, among related species, between mean vertebral number (V) and maximum recorded body length (L). Of 118 families having counts for over 4 species, 90 show a positive correlation; statistically significant correlations are positive in 45 and negative in only 2 families. The relationship can be expressed by the power function V = CLm, in which C and m are constants characteristic of each family or taxon. Among families with a significant correlation between V and L, the median value of m is 0.12 (representing about 10% vertebral increase for each doubling of length) but m ranges widely, from −0.033 to +0.416. Families with high mean vertebral counts tend to have high m values. The phenomenon, termed pleomerism, occurs within genera as well as within families, and sometimes between races, between populations, or even between the sexes. It exists in widely different shapes of fishes (e.g. sharks, mackerels, sea horses, sand lances, and lumpfish), and in caecilians and in sea snakes. Latitudinal gradients in vertebral number (Jordan’s rule) are often reinforced by pleomerism coupled with latitudinal gradients in maximum length, but gradients in vertebral numbers persist even when effect of maximum length is removed. Although its cause is unknown, pleomerism is taxonomically useful in predicting adult sizes of species known only from young specimens, and in unmasking synonymies of "species" based on young of other named species. Vertebral number considered in conjunction with maximum size is more reliable for making taxonomic judgments at all levels than is vertebral number alone. Moreover, if the cause of pleomerism is functional, it may provide information on locomotory mechanisms and on population biology, since mean vertebral number in each population may be matched to that body size at which selection operates most significantly.

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Temperature-dependent reproduction and survival of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000060406 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

P. A. Jansen ◽

T. A. Bakke

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Survival And Reproduction ◽

Two Temperatures ◽

The Mean ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Capacity For Increase

SUMMARYThe relationship of survival and reproduction of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg on the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to water temperature (2·5–19·0 °C), was studied on the basis of temporal sequence of births and age at death of individual parasites on isolated salmon, and of infrapopulation growth on isolated and grouped salmon. Mean life-span of the parasite was negatively correlated with water temperature: 33·7 days at 2·5 °C and 4·5 days at 19·0 °C. The average number of offspring per parasite peaked between 6·5 and 13·0 °C, and was approximately 2·4 at these two temperatures. Both the period between the successive births of the offspring (max 4) and the estimated generation time were negatively correlated with temperature. The innate capacity for increase (rm) was positively correlated with temperature: from 0·02 (/parasite/day) at 2·5 °C to 0·22 (/parasite/day) at 19·0 °C. Growth of the infrapopulations was positively correlated with water temperature and was higher on isolated fish than on grouped fish, though less than the potential parasite population growth estimated from rm. In the infrapopulations the mean intensity of parasites continued to increase throughout all the experiments on both isolated fish and on grouped fish.

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Surfer's Ear: External Auditory Exostoses are More Prevalent in Cold Water Surfers

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1067/mhn.2002.124474 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 126 (5) ◽

pp. 499-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

David F. Kroon ◽

M. Louise Lawson ◽

Craig S. Derkay ◽

Karen Hoffmann ◽

Joe Mccook

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

External Auditory Canal ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Cold Water ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: The study goal was to demonstrate the prevalence and severity of external auditory exostoses (EAEs) in a population of surfers and to examine the relationship between these lesions and the length of time surfed as well as water temperature in which the swimmers surfed. It was hypothesized that subjects who predominantly surfed in colder waters had more frequent and more severe exostoses. METHODS: Two hundred two avid surfers (91% male and 9% female, median age 17 years) were included in the study. EAEs were graded based on the extent of external auditory canal patency; grades of normal (100% patency), mild (66% to 99% patency), and moderate-severe (<66% patency) were assigned. Otoscopic findings were correlated with data collected via questionnaires that detailed surfing habits. RESULTS: There was a 38% overall prevalence of EAEs, with 69% of lesions graded as mild and 31% graded as moderate-severe. Professional surfers (odds ratio 3.8) and those subjects who surfed predominantly in colder waters (odds ratio 5.8) were found to be at a significantly increased risk for the development of EAEs. The number of years surfed was also found to be significant, increasing one's risk for developing an exostosis by 12% per year and for developing more severe lesions by 10% per year. Individuals who had moderate-severe EAEs were significantly more likely to be willing to surf in colder waters than were those who had mild EAEs (odds ratio 4.3). CONCLUSIONS: EAEs are more prevalent in cold water surfers, and additional years surfing increase one's risk not only for developing an EAE but also for developing more severe lesions.

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