scholarly journals Long-term seasonal and spatial patterns in mortality and survival of Calanus finmarchicus across the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Programme region, Northwest Atlantic

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1942-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Plourde ◽  
Pierre Pepin ◽  
Erica J. H. Head
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Monitoring Programme ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract Plourde, S., Pepin, P., and Head, E. J. H. 2009. Long-term seasonal and spatial patterns in mortality and survival of Calanus finmarchicus across the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Programme region, Northwest Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1942–1958. The vertical life table method was used to estimate stage-specific daily mortality rates and survival from 1999 to 2006 for Calanus finmarchicus sampled in the Canadian Atlantic Zone Monitoring Programme, which covers the Newfoundland–Labrador Shelf (NLS), Gulf of St Lawrence (GSL), and Scotian Shelf (SS). Stage-specific mortality rates and survival showed significant regional and seasonal differences, with the largest signal associated with variations in temperature. Density-dependent mortality, associated with the abundance of C6 females, was the main factor influencing mortality in the egg–C1 transition during the period of population growth in spring on the SS, and in summer in the GSL and on the NLS. In autumn, mortality in egg–C1 was positively related to temperature and negatively related to phytoplankton biomass, with particularly high mortality rates on the SS. The integration of our results into stage-specific recruitment rates from egg to C5 revealed that C. finmarchicus populations experience their greatest loss (mortality) during the egg–C1 transition. Loss during development to C1 was greater in the GSL than in the other regions during the period of population growth, resulting in lower recruitment success in the GSL. In autumn, C. finmarchicus showed low stage-specific daily recruitment rates on the SS at high temperatures, and low phytoplankton biomass compared with those in the GSL and on the NLS. Our findings reinforce the necessity of describing regional and seasonal patterns in mortality and survival to understand factors controlling the population dynamics of C. finmarchicus.

Long-term cancer survival in cohorts of U.S. health professionals.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12075-12075
Author(s):  
En Cheng ◽  
Donghoon Lee ◽  
Rulla M Tamimi ◽  
Susan Hankinson ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Uterine Corpus ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Index Cancer

12075 Background: Few studies have investigated long-term survival and causes of death among men and women diagnosed with major cancers. Methods: We estimated overall and cause-specific mortality rates for men diagnosed with prostate, lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, bladder, and melanoma cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study between 1986-2010+, and women with breast, lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, uterine corpus, thyroid, and ovarian cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) between 1976-2010+ and NHS II between 1989-2010+. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate cumulative mortality rates at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 years and competing risk methods were used to calculate cumulative cancer-specific mortality rates of major causes at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 years. Additionally, among women 40-year mortality rates were calculated. Results: Except for lung and ovarian, most major cancer patients are more likely to die from other causes than the index cancer. We observed two basic patterns for cumulative cancer-specific mortality rates. The first pattern is greatly diminished risk of index cancer-specific mortality 10 years or more following diagnosis - for colorectal cancer, cancer-specific mortality rate increased by less than 3% between 10 to 30- or 40-year following diagnosis (among men, from 35.1% to 36.7%; among women, from 34.8% to 37.7%), and this pattern also applied to bladder, melanoma, or uterine corpus cancer. The second one is sustained, but nevertheless low, excess risk - prostate cancer-specific mortality rate increased gradually and almost linearly from 5.3% to 15.1% after diagnosis from 5 to 30 years, and for breast cancer, it increased likewise from 7.2% to 18.9% after diagnosis from 5 to 40 years. Conclusions: Except for lung and ovarian cancers, patients diagnosed with major cancers were more likely to die from causes other than cancer. Colorectal, bladder, melanoma or uterine corpus cancer patients surviving more than 10 years after diagnosis are unlikely to ever die from that disease. [Table: see text]

Economic Instability, Unemployment Rates, Behavioral Risks, and Mortality Rates in Scotland, 1952–1983

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Harvey Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Term Relation ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Exponential Trend ◽  
Per Capita

Short-term relations (under five years) between national unemployment and cause-specific mortality rates have been found in several industrialized countries in Europe and North America including the United States and, separately, Scotland and England/Wales. Long-term cumulative relations (at least a decade) have been found between national unemployment and age-adjusted mortality rates for eight countries including England/Wales. In this article it is demonstrated that, controlling for the significant effects of per capita cigarette, spirits, and fat consumption, and cold winter temperatures, there is in Scotland a significant long-term relation (at least a decade) between cumulative change in unemployment rates and mortality rates-for all causes, for total heart disease, and in particular for ischemic heart disease. Also, the exponential trend in real per capita income is related to mortality declines. Other writers have encountered difficulty in measuring this long-term relation between unemployment and cause-specific mortality in Scotland in the absence of controls for at least alcohol and tobacco consumption per capita.

Mortality forecasting using a modified CMI Mortality Projections Model for China II: cities, towns and counties

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Speed Of Convergence ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Mortality Forecasting ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mortality Projections ◽  
Mortality Improvement ◽  
Significant Mortality

AbstractIn this paper, we conduct the study of long-term age-sex-specific mortality forecasting for subpopulations in different areas of China: cities, towns and counties. We use a modified CMI (Continuous Mortality Investigation) Mortality Projections Model, which has been discussed in Huang & Browne (Paper I), for modelling purposes. From the historical experience, we find that people in cities have lower mortality rates and higher mortality improvement rates than people in towns and counties for most ages. If this trend continues, the mortality of different areas will diverge further in the future. From the projection results, we find that there will be significant mortality and life expectancy differences between cities, towns and counties for both males and females. Sensitivity analysis for long-term rates of mortality improvement and the speed of convergence from “initial” to “long-term” rates of mortality improvement are conducted. Uncertainties are attached to the central estimates to overcome the limitation of the original CMI approach from which only deterministic results can be obtained.

A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4I) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Hans-Rimbert Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

Apophysites – Revue de la littérature et ­nouvelles directions

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ossification Center ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Youth Athlete ◽  
Pathology Education ◽  
Main Factor

Apophysitis are part of the growth-related diseases within youth athlete population. Despite their high incidence within this growing cohort, many doubts remain. The physiopathology is still debated. Initially, the fragmentation of the ossification center was seen as the main factor of the disease. For few years, this theory has been questioned due to consistent signs of tendon suffering. Apophysitis may have some negative long-term effect on a sporting career. There is currently poor scientific evidence on the optimal management and no treatment has been widely accepted. Prevention remains the most powerful intervention in this particular pathology. Education of the athlete’s sporting entourage (family, coaches and health staff) and the athlete himself is necessary to act quickly and adapt the training load to decrease mechanical stress on the suffering apophysis.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Chile during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7409
Author(s):  
Macarena Valdés Salgado ◽  
Pamela Smith ◽  
Mariel Opazo ◽  
Nicolás Huneeus
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: Several countries have documented the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants and epidemiological indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 during 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality rates were estimated using the COVID-19 cases and deaths from the Chilean Ministry of Science, and the population size was obtained from the Chilean Institute of Statistics. A chemistry transport model was used to estimate the annual mean surface concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in a period before the current pandemic. Negative binomial regressions were used to associate the epidemiological information with pollutant concentrations while considering demographic and social confounders. Results: For each microgram per cubic meter, the incidence rate increased by 1.3% regarding PM2.5 and 0.9% regarding PM10. There was no statistically significant relationship between the COVID-19 mortality rate and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusions: The adjusted regression models showed that the COVID-19 incidence rate was significantly associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, even after adjusting for other variables.

scholarly journals Monitoring progress with national and subnational health goals by integrating verbal autopsy and medically certified cause of death data

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e005387
Author(s):  
Tim Adair ◽  
Sonja Firth ◽  
Tint Pa Pa Phyo ◽  
Khin Sandar Bo ◽  
Alan D Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Verbal Autopsy ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Four Causes

IntroductionThe measurement of progress towards many Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and other health goals requires accurate and timely all-cause and cause of death (COD) data. However, existing guidance to countries to calculate these indicators is inadequate for populations with incomplete death registration and poor-quality COD data. We introduce a replicable method to estimate national and subnational cause-specific mortality rates (and hence many such indicators) where death registration is incomplete by integrating data from Medical Certificates of Cause of Death (MCCOD) for hospital deaths with routine verbal autopsy (VA) for community deaths.MethodsThe integration method calculates population-level cause-specific mortality fractions (CSMFs) from the CSMFs of MCCODs and VAs weighted by estimated deaths in hospitals and the community. Estimated deaths are calculated by applying the empirical completeness method to incomplete death registration/reporting. The resultant cause-specific mortality rates are used to estimate SDG Indicator 23: mortality between ages 30 and 70 years from cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. We demonstrate the method using nationally representative data in Myanmar, comprising over 42 000 VAs and 7600 MCCODs.ResultsIn Myanmar in 2019, 89% of deaths were estimated to occur in the community. VAs comprised an estimated 70% of community deaths. Both the proportion of deaths in the community and CSMFs for the four causes increased with older age. We estimated that the probability of dying from any of the four causes between 30 and 70 years was 0.265 for men and 0.216 for women. This indicator is 50% higher if based on CSMFs from the integration of data sources than on MCCOD data from hospitals.ConclusionThis integration method facilitates country authorities to use their data to monitor progress with national and subnational health goals, rather than rely on estimates made by external organisations. The method is particularly relevant given the increasing application of routine VA in country Civil Registration and Vital Statistics systems.

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