scholarly journals The potential for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to conduct marine fauna surveys in place of manned aircraft

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P Colefax ◽  
Paul A Butcher ◽  
Brendan P Kelaher
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Observer Error ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Surveys

Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in marine wildlife research. As technological developments rapidly advance the versatility and functionality of affordable UAVs, their potential as a marine aerial survey tool is quickly gaining attention. Currently, there is significant interest in whether cost-effective UAVs can outperform manned aircraft in aerial surveys of marine fauna at sea, although few empirical studies have compared relative sampling efficiency, accuracy and precision. Civil aviation restrictions, and subsequent available civilian technologies, make it unlikely that UAVs will currently be more effective than manned aircraft for large area marine surveys. UAVs do, however, have the capacity to fill a niche for intensive smaller spatial scale sampling and for undertaking aerial surveys in isolated locations. Improvements in UAV sensor resolutions and alternative sensor types, such as multispectral cameras, may increase area coverage, reduce perception error, and increase water penetration for sightability. Additionally, the further development of auto-detection software will rapidly improve image processing and further reduce human observer error inherent in manned aerial surveys. As UAV technologies and associated methodology is further developed and becomes more affordable, these aircraft will be increasingly adopted as a marine aerial survey tool in place of traditional methods using manned aircraft.

scholarly journals Comparative Aspects Regarding The Regulation Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Fainisi ◽  
Victor Al. Fainisi
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Chicago Convention ◽  
The North ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military ◽  
Legislative Measures

Abstract The technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has constantly developed in the last decade, becoming a key feature of the military programs and operations in Europe and the US, and the industry market has considerably grown. The vast majority of this growth is at the US level, whose military budget is bigger than of any other state in the world. On the other hand, with respect to the civil market, the sale of these kinds of aircrafts is in its initial stages, even though there are lots of fields in which it can be applied. In general, the states have begun to take legislative measures so that the unmanned flight of such an aircraft in areas open to civil aircrafts is controlled, so that any danger to the civil aircrafts should be avoided. The countries of the European Union that have not legislated this field are subject to Regulation 216/2008/EC regarding common norms in the civil aviation field and the Chicago Convention. Furthermore, all EU states are NATO members and thus apply in principle the norms established by the North-Atlantic Organization.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles to detect Amazon dolphins

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Oliveira-da-Costa ◽  
Miriam Marmontel ◽  
Daiane S. X. da-Rosa ◽  
André Coelho ◽  
Serge Wich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Tropical Rivers ◽  
River Dolphin ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Inia Geoffrensis ◽  
Management And Conservation

AbstractQuantifying the abundance of species is essential for their management and conservation. Much effort has been invested in surveys of freshwater dolphins in the Amazon basin but river dimensions and complex logistics limit replication of such studies across the region. We evaluated the effectiveness of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveying two Amazon dolphin species, the tucuxi Sotalia fluviatilis and pink river dolphin Inia geoffrensis, in tropical rivers. In 2016 we conducted drone and visual surveys over 80 km of the Juruá River in Brazil. The aerial surveys provided higher accuracy than human observers in counting individuals detected in groups. Compared to estimates derived from visual surveys, the use of UAVs could provide a more feasible, economical and accurate estimate of Amazon river dolphin populations. The method could potentially be replicated in other important areas for the conservation of these species, to generate an improved index of river dolphin populations in the Amazon.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS

Aviation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Urbahs ◽  
Ieva Jonaite
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Transport Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Micro-UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) with a total weight below 5 kg are interesting alternative carriers for agricultural applications. Compared to standard airborne aerial surveys, UAVs are much more flexible and weather independent. As a result, micro-UAV surveys will pave the way for affordable, current and accurate geo-information. This article deals with the general conditions and challenges for unmanned aerial vehicles that can be used for agricultural land monitoring. The article includes an overview of the structural characteristics and parameters of a UAV that has been developed for environmental monitoring by the Institute of Transport Vehicle Technology of Riga Technical University, and a detailed review about surveying fields with UAV systems is carried out.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Surveying Marine Fauna: A Dugong Case Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e79556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Hodgson ◽  
Natalie Kelly ◽  
David Peel
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

scholarly journals Unmanned Aircraft as a Subject of Safety and Security

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Mlezivová
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Uas Applications

<p class="keywords">Currently increasing UAV operation significantly changes the view of conventional aviation. Unmanned aerial vehicles have become part of air traffic and therefore, its operation should be adequately controlled through related legislative framework and law enforcement procedures. Considering the fact, that single unmanned aircrafts will be soon replaced by swarms, it is necessary to get prepared for all possible UAs applications and define all rules including also emergency and law enforcement procedures in case that public safety is endangered.</p><p class="keywords">This paper summarizes recent regulatory framework for UAVs in EU and US and points out a concealed weakness of legislative requirements. The legislative scope addressed in this paper is limited primarily to civil aviation. The second part stresses the security threat created by an uncontrolled or violently-controlled UA. Aerial vehicles detection and disposal methods are described in the last part of paper.</p>

scholarly journals Key wireless communication technologies to support traffic management systems of unmanned aerial vehicles for civil application (review of foreign literature)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-92
Author(s):  
E. A. Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aircraft System

Not less than one hundred thousand Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are expected to perform flights simultaneously in Russia by 2035. The UAV fleet capacity triggers the development of the systems for informational support, operating control and management of UAV flights (Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) systems) similar to that one already operating in manned aviation. The challenges arising in the sphere of civil aviation cannot be solved without wireless communication. The goals of this article are as follows: 1) familiarization of communication experts with the latest scientific developments of unmanned aerial technologies 2) description of the telecommunication-related problems of extensive systems of UAV control encountered by development engineers. In this article a schematic architecture and main functions of UTM systems are described as well as the examples of their implementation. Special emphasis is put on enhancing flight safety by means of a rational choice of communication technologies to manage conflicts (Conflict Management) known as "collision avoidance". The article analyzes the application of a wide range of wireless technologies ranging from Wi-Fi and Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) to 5G cellular networks as well as cell-free networks contributing to the development of 6G communication networks. As a result of the analysis, a list of promising research trends at the intersection of the fields of wireless communication and UAVs for civil application is made.

scholarly journals Behaviour reactions of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ticiana Fettermann ◽  
Lorenzo Fiori ◽  
Martin Bader ◽  
Ashray Doshi ◽  
Dan Breen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Vtol Uav ◽  
Aerial Observation

Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) represent a novel and cost effective research tool to investigate cetacean behaviour, as conventional aircraft are expensive, limited in the altitude they can fly at and potentially disturb sensitive wildlife. In addition, the aerial observation from the UAVs allows assessment of cetacean behaviour from an advantageous perspective and can collect high spatial and temporal resolution data, providing the opportunity to gather accurate data about group size, age class and subsurface behaviour. However, concerns have been raised about the potential risks of disturbance to animals caused by the UAV’s visual and acoustic stimuli. Boat-based surveys were conducted to assess the short-term behavioural responses of resting bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to a lightweight Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAV flown at 10, 25, and 40 m altitude. Changes in group swim direction and frequencies of surface and aerial behavioural events were recorded from an anchored research vessel before (control) and during the aerial survey. The number of reorientation and tail slap events increased significantly between controls and flights when the UAV was flown at 10 m over the animals. In contrast, no significant differences were detected when the aircraft was flown at 25 and 40 m altitude. However, a precautionary approach is recommended for research applications requiring lower flight altitudes, with further research recommended to assess how different cetacean species and age class may respond to the UAV presence.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF THE SPECTRAL REFLECTION COEFFICIENTS FOR SURFACES UNDER A MULTISPECTRAL AERIAL SURVEY BY DIGITAL CAMERA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Stanislav Arbuzov ◽  
Evgenij Gritskevich ◽  
Darja Michaylova ◽  
Anna Selezneva
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Instrument Making ◽  
Spectral Reflection ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

Monitoring of the environment with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles is currently one of the most developing branches of optoelectronic instrument-making. Digital cameras installed on these devices make it possible to survey the underlying surface in order to select the its features. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles for the control of agricultural lands is a very perspective case of such monitoring. The technique of measuring the spectral reflection coefficients of surfaces is developed for identification of the vegetation state observed in the field of view of multispectral digital camera. The method allows determining the spectral reflectance of the calibration surfaces using the reference ones and after that to find the parameters of working surfaces using the calibration ones. The obtained results are applied under the analysis and processing of images obtained in the course of the unmanned aviation system that monitors agricultural lands.

scholarly journals Unmanned aerial vehicles as a tool to support aerodrome services

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (12) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Rodasław Fellner
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Education Centre ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Team Functioning ◽  
Area Monitoring ◽  
Infrastructure Services

The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of using UAV by airport managers. With a few exceptions, there are no studies on this issue. This article is an attempt to fill these research gap. This article is based on the results of studies of the Department of Air Technologies of the Silesian University of Technology, Civil Aviation Personnel Education Centre of Central and Eastern Europe Silesian University of Technology, RPAS TEAM functioning within the Centre. It has been reported that the airport’s UAV may serve such services as: Airport Protection Service (patrolling and protecting area near aerodrome), Rescue and Fire Fighting Services (accident area monitoring), airport maintenance and infrastructure services (monitoring and inspection of buildings, pavements, roads, installations), operational departments or duty departments (better visualization of the operational situation).

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