Indirect Standardization of Neonatal Mortality for Birth Weight

Abstract Background Ghana did not meet the Millennium Development Goal 4 of reducing child mortality by two-thirds and may not meet SDG (2030). There is a need to direct scarce resources to mitigate the impact of the most important risk factors influencing high neonatal deaths. This study applied both spatial and non-spatial regression models to explore the differential impact of environmental, maternal, and child associated risk factors on neonatal deaths in Ghana. Methods The study relied on data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHS) and the Ghana Maternal Health Survey (GMHS) conducted between 1998 and 2017 among 49,908 women of reproductive age and 31,367 children under five (GDHS-1998 = 3298, GDHS-2003 = 3844, GDHS-2008 = 2992, GDHS-2014 = 5884, GMHS-2017 = 15,349). Spatial Autoregressive Models that account for spatial autocorrelation in the data at the cluster-level and non-spatial statistical models with appropriate sampling weight adjustment were used to study factors associated with neonatal deaths, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Population density, multiple births, smaller household sizes, high parity, and low birth weight significantly increased the risk of neonatal deaths over the years. Among mothers who had multiple births, the risk of having neonatal deaths was approximately four times as high as the risk of neonatal deaths among mothers who had only single birth [aRR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.63–7.17, p < 0.05]. Neonates who were perceived by their mothers to be small were at a higher risk of neonatal death compared to very large neonates [aRR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.19–3.63, p < 0.05]. A unit increase in the number of children born to a woman of reproductive age was associated with a 49% increased risk in neonatal deaths [aRR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.30–1.69, p < 0.05]. Conclusion Neonatal mortality in Ghana remains relatively high, and the factors that predisposed children to neonatal death were birth size that were perceived to be small, low birth weight, higher parity, and multiple births. Improving pregnant women’s nutritional patterns and providing special support to women who have multiple deliveries will reduce neonatal mortality in Ghana.

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Leminorella sepsis in very low birth weight neonate as cause of neonatal mortality

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.1080/14767058.2016.1199678 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1057-1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Deepak Sharma ◽

Ankur Patel ◽

Priyanka Soni ◽

Sweta Shastri ◽

Ravinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Birth Weight Neonate

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RELATIONSHIP OF CESAREAN DELIVERY TO LOWER BIRTH WEIGHT–SPECIFIC NEONATAL MORTALITY IN SINGLETON BREECH INFANTS IN THE UNITED STATES

Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1097/00006250-199904000-00034 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 630

Author(s):

Kellie Murphy ◽

Mary Hannah

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Cesarean Delivery ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

The United States ◽

Lower Birth Weight ◽

Relationship Of

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IMPACT OF NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.97.2.215 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 215-215

Author(s):

Student

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽

Total Reduction ◽

Weight Groups

Neonates who weighed > 1.5 kg at birth were the major contributors to the overall reduction in the neonatal mortality rate (NMR); approximately two thirds of total reduction in the NMR between 1960 and 1980 and 52.6% of the total reduction between 1980 and 1986 occurred in the > 1.5-kg birth weight groups.

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The effects of birth weight and gender on neonatal mortality in north central Nigeria

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/1756-0500-4-562 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Caroline A Onwuanaku ◽

Seline N Okolo ◽

Kemi O Ige ◽

Sylvanus E Okpe ◽

Bose O Toma

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

North Central ◽

And Gender

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Neonatal Mortality in Normal Birth Weight Babies

Survey of Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00132586-199008000-00047 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 251???252

Author(s):

C. J. BERG ◽

C. M. DRUSCHEL ◽

B. J. MCCARTHY ◽

M. LAVOIE ◽

R. L. FLOYD

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth

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Exclusive Breastfeeding and the Impact on Neonatal Mortality of Low Birth Weight

International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review ◽

10.20546/ijcrar.2018.606.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Satrinawati Berkat

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

The Impact

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Neonatal outcome in new-borns admitted in NICU of tertiary care hospital in central India: a 5-year study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20182512 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1364 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jyotsna Verma ◽

Shweta Anand ◽

Nawal Kapoor ◽

Sharad Gedam ◽

Umesh Patel

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies ◽

Hyaline Membrane

Background: Neonatal mortality rate contributes significantly to under five mortality rates. Data obtained from pattern of admission and outcome may uncover various aspects and may contribute and help in managing resources, infrastructure, skilled hands for better outcome in future.Methods: This retrospective study was done on 1424 neonates who were admitted at LN Medical College and JK Hospital, Bhopal in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the Department of Paediatrics from January 2013-December 2017.Results: 1424 newborns admitted within 24 hours of birth were included in the study. About 767 were male neonates, (Male: female1.16:1). The low birth weight babies were 54% in our study. Among the various causes of NICU admission, Respiratory distress was present in 555 (39%) of neonates, Respiratory distress syndrome (Hyaline membrane disease) being the most common cause of respiratory distress. Neonatal sepsis accounted for morbidity in 24% of neonates, with Klebsiella being the most common organism grown in the blood culture. The incidence of congenital anomalies was 2.5%. The neonatal mortality was found to be 11% in our study. Prematurity with Respiratory distress syndrome (Hyaline membrane disease) and perinatal asphyxia were the two most common causes of neonatal mortality in the study. Extremely low birth weight neonates had the highest case fatality rate in the study, which indicates the need to develop an efficient group of professionals in teaching hospitals who will provide highly specialized and focused care to this cohort of vulnerable neonates.Conclusions: Present study has shown respiratory distress, perinatal asphyxia, and sepsis as the predominant causes of neonatal morbidity. All three are preventable causes, and our health-care programs should be directed toward addressing the risk factors in the community responsible for the development of these three morbidities. The preterm and low birth weight babies had significantly high mortality even with standard intensive care; therefore, a strong and effective antenatal program with extensive coverage of all pregnant females specifically in outreach areas should be developed which will help in decreasing preterm deliveries and also lower the incidence of low birth weight babies.

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A profile on the spectrum of neonatal mortality and morbidity pattern of extramural neonates in the Specialised Neonatal Care Unit (SNCU) in a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20180529 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 427 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anuradha D. ◽

Rajesh Kumar S. ◽

Aravind M. A. ◽

Jayakumar M. ◽

J. Ganesh J.

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Newborn Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Neonatal Deaths

Background: Every year, nearly four million newborn babies die in the first month of life. India carries the single largest share (around 25-30%) of neonatal deaths in the world. Neonatal deaths constitute two thirds of infant deaths in India. 45% of the deaths occur within the first two days of life. It has been estimated that about 70% of neonatal deaths could be prevented if proven interventions are implemented effectively at the appropriate time. It was further estimated that health facility-based interventions can reduce neonatal mortality by 23-50% in different settings. Facility-based newborn care, thus, has a significant potential for improving the survival of newborns in India. This research has been planned with an aim to study the profile of pattern of admissions in a SNCU and their outcomes following admission and management in the unit.Methods: All babies referred for neonatal problems (less than 28 days) and admitted in NICU will be included. Both term and preterm babies will be considered. The criteria for admission includes various causes like low birth weight, preterm, birth asphyxia, respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinemia, congenital anomalies, risk factors (maternal, neonatal, prenatal), infections and outcome will be analysed.Results: Among the 2927 admissions term babies and boys outnumbered. The common causes for admission were birth asphyxia, respiratory distress, low birthweight and preterm. Most babies had an uncomplicated stay. The mortality in the extramural neonates was due to neonatal sepsis, extreme preterm and congenital malformations.Conclusions: Intensive and interventional management, along with good neonatal monitoring and care can reduce the mortality and improve the survival of low birth weight babies and other treatable problems. Thus, a combined effort of management by pediatricians, nursing care, neonatal intensive care unit can improve the survival rates of neonates.

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