scholarly journals 67Maternal Exposure to PM2.5 from a Coal Mine Fire is Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Melody ◽  
Karen Wills ◽  
Jane Ford ◽  
Alison Venn ◽  
Fay Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Abnormal Placentation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mine Fire ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Coal Mine Fire

Abstract Background In 2014, the Hazelwood coal mine fire was an unprecedented six-week severe smoke event in the Latrobe Valley, southeastern Australia. We aimed to determine whether maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) attributable to coal mine fire smoke was associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and abnormal placentation. Methods We defined a cohort of all births >20 weeks in the Latrobe Valley from 1 March 2012 - 31 Dec 2015 utilising administrative perinatal data. Average and peak PM2.5 was assigned to residential address at delivery using a chemical transport model. Maternal, meteorological and temporal variables were included in final log-binomial regression models. Results 3,612 singleton pregnancies were included; 766 were exposed to the smoke event. Average maternal PM2.5 exposure was 4.4 µg/m3 (IQR 2.1). Average peak PM2.5 exposure was 44.9 µg/m3 (IQR 35.0). An interquartile range increase in average and peak PM2.5 was associated with a 7% and 16% increased likelihood of GDM respectively (Average PM2.5 95%CI 1.03, 1.10; <0.0001; Peak PM2.5 95%CI 1.09, 1.22; <0.0001). No association for hypertensive disorders or abnormal placentation was observed. Conclusions This is the first study to examine obstetric complications relating to a discrete smoke event. These findings may guide the public health response to future similar events. Key messages Exposure to a smoke event was associated with an increased risk of GDM. The public health implications may be substantial with a changing climate.

scholarly journals 68Maternal exposure to PM2.5 from a severe smoke event and birth outcomes in Victoria, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Melody ◽  
Karen Wills ◽  
Jane Ford ◽  
Alison Venn ◽  
Fay Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Mine Fire ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Coal Mine Fire

Abstract Background The 2014 Hazelwood coal mine fire was an unprecedented six-week severe smoke event in the Latrobe Valley, southeastern Australia. We aimed to determine whether maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) attributable to the event was associated with adverse fetal growth or maturity, including birthweight, small for gestational age, term low birthweight or preterm birth. Methods A cohort of babies born within the affected region was defined used administrative perinatal data. Maternal average and peak PM2.5 was assigned to residential address at time of delivery using a chemical transport model. Maternal, infant, meteorological and temporal variables were included in final linear and log-binomial regression models. Results 3,591 singleton livebirths were included; 763 were exposed in utero. Average PM2.5 exposure was 4.4 µg/m3 (IQR 2.1 µg/m3); average peak was 45.0 µg/m3 (IQR 35.1 µg/m3). No association between PM2.5 and fetal growth or maturity was observed. Gestational diabetes mellitus was an effect modifier in the relationship; babies of exposed gestational diabetic mothers were 97 grams heavier per 10 µg/m3 increase in average PM2.5 exposure (95%CI 74, 120 grams), compared to mothers without gestational diabetes. Conclusions Maternal PM2.5 exposure from a smoke event was not associated with adverse fetal growth or maturity. There was a trophic response amongst babies of mothers with gestational diabetes. Key messages Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes may be more susceptible to the effects of smoke events on birthweight.

Chronic cough is related to cumulative PM2.5 exposure from a coal mine fire

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Abramson ◽  
Jillian Blackman ◽  
Matthew Carroll ◽  
Caroline X. Gao ◽  
Anthony Del Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Mine Fire ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Coal Mine Fire

scholarly journals Morwell Coal Mine Fire as a Cascading Disaster: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s8-s8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dudley McArdle ◽  
Caroline Spencer ◽  
Frank Archer
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Core Structure ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Mine Fire ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Coal Mine Fire

Introduction:Despite the influential Hyogo and Sendai Frameworks, risk remains poorly understood in the emergency preparedness sector. Hazard assessment and risk management are usually considered before events. An alternative view considers risk as a cascade of potential consequences throughout an event. The 2014 fire in the Victorian rural community of Morwell included a three-phased event: a small bush fire, from which embers ignited a persistent fire in a disused open cut brown coal mine fire. The consequent air pollution precipitated a public health emergency in the nearby community of 15,000 people.Aim:To examine this event as a case study to investigate concordance with accepted definitions and key elements of a cascading event.Methods:Selected literature informed a risk cascade definition and model as a framework to examine the key post-event public inquiries available in the public domain.Results:Informed by a Conceptual Framework for a Hazard Evolving into a Disaster (Birnbaum et al., 2015), Wong and colleagues promote a Core Structure of a Comprehensive Framework for Disaster Evaluation Typologies (Wong, 2017). This Core Structure provided an adequate model to examine the sequence of events in the Morwell event. Definitions of cascading effects is more complex (Zuccaro et al., 2018). Our analysis of the Morwell event used the authoritative definition of cascading disasters published by Pescaroli and Alexander (2015). Using this definition, the Morwell event increased in progression over time and generated unexpected secondary events of strong impact. The secondary events could be distinguished from the original source of disaster, and demonstrated failures of physical structures as well as inadequacy of disaster mitigation strategies, while highlighting unresolved vulnerabilities in human society.Discussion:The Morwell coal mine fire of 2014 reflects the key criteria of a cascading disaster and provides understandings to mitigate the consequences of similar events in the future.

Delineation and mapping of coal mine fire using remote sensing data – a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (17) ◽  
pp. 6499-6529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanti Swarup Biswal ◽  
Simit Raval ◽  
Amit Kumar Gorai
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Mine Fire ◽  
Coal Mine Fire

Experiences of a prolonged coal-mine fire

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jones ◽  
Sarah Lee ◽  
Darryl Maybery ◽  
Alexander McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Deep Uncertainty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mine Fire ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Coal Mine Fire ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the perspectives of local residents regarding the impact of the long-duration Hazelwood open cut coal mine fire in rural Australia.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was undertaken involving 27 in-depth interviews with adults who lived in the town of Morwell, immediately adjacent to the coal mine fire.FindingsParticipant concerns focussed upon fear and confusion during the event, the perceived health effects of the smoke, anger towards authorities and loss of a sense of community and sense of security. One of the significant ways in which people managed these responses was to normalise the event. The long duration of the event created deep uncertainty which exaggerated the impact of the fire.Research limitations/implicationsUnderstanding the particular nature of the impact of this event may assist the authors to better understand the ongoing human impact of long-duration disasters in the future.Practical implicationsIt is important to provide clear and understandable quality information to residents during and after such disasters.Originality/valueWhile there is an extensive literature exploring the direct social and psychological impacts of acute natural disasters, less qualitative research has been conducted into the experiences of longer term critical events.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis between prevention and treatment costs for gestational diabetes mellitus in primary and tertiary health care in a city in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Ricardo Reichenbach ◽  
◽  
Yasmin Reis ◽  
Maria Carolina Gullo ◽  
José Mauro Madi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Economic Context

Objective: The present study’s purpose is to evaluate the economic context in which the Brazilian public health system, the only universal public health system with more than 200 million users, stands out. This evaluation will be made through the lens of the execution of gestational health care services in a city of approximately 500 thousand inhabitants in southern Brazil. The care costs of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) will be compared to those of patients without GDM, analyzing the different economic valuation methods. And lastly, there was an intent to explore the generated costs in the context of economic valuation applied to health to comprehend better the complexity of the union of the financial and health areas to optimize the services offered. Methods: For the economic context in health, an analysis of health investments was performed through the Transparency Portal. The costs involved in preventing GDM were raised by the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) table of procedures performed ordinarily in low-risk pregnancies. The expenses involved in DMG patients were increased at the High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Medicine Clinic of DMG patients. Results: Preventing GDM is more cost-effective, cost-minimizing, and cost-useful than treating patients diagnosed with GDM. Conclusion: The result is an extremely interesting costopportunity, given the economic context in which it is presented

scholarly journals The Role of HIV Infection in the Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy N. Phoswa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose of the Review: The main objective of this study is to investigate mechanisms associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in HIV infected pregnant women by looking how placental hormones such as (progesterone and prolactin) and basic haemostatic parameters are regulated in HIV infected pregnancies.Recent Findings: HIV/AIDS are a major global obstetric health burden that lead to increased rate of morbidity and mortality. HIV/AIDS has been associated with the pathophysiology of GDM and HDP. Increased risk of GDM due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) usage has been reported in HIV infected pregnancies, which causes insulin resistance in both pregnant and non-pregnant individuals. HAART is a medication used for lowering maternal antepartum viral load and pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis of the infant. In pregnant women, HAART induces diabetogenic effect by causing dysregulation of placental hormones such as (progesterone and prolactin) and predispose HIV infected women to GDM. In addition to HIV/AIDS and GDM, Studies have indicated that HIV infection causes haemostatic abnormalities such as hematological disorder, deregulated haematopoiesis process and the coagulation process which results in HDP.Summary: This study will help on improving therapeutic management and understanding of the pathophysiology of GDM and HDP in the absence as well as in the presence of HIV infection by reviewing studies reporting on these mechanism.

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