scholarly journals 778Risk of 27 cancer types in relation to tobacco smoking: cohort study involving 229,028 Australians

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Weber ◽  
Peter Sarich ◽  
Pavla Vaneckova ◽  
Stephen Wade ◽  
Emily Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Background Tobacco smoke is a known carcinogen and the magnitude of smoking-related cancer risk varies according to time and population. Local, contemporary evidence can drive appropriate tobacco control. We provide comprehensive cancer risk estimates related to smoking in the population-based, New South Wales (NSW) 45 and Up Study. Methods We estimated smoking-related hazard ratios (HR) for cancer using Cox proportional hazards regression using linked questionnaire (2006-2009) and incident cancer data (n ≥ 50 cases per cancer type), from the NSW Cancer Registry (to December 2013) (via CHeReL). Results Of 18,475 cancers among 229,028 participants aged ≥45 years, current smokers had significantly increased risks of cancers of the lung, larynx, head and neck, oesophagus, liver, bladder, pancreas, stomach, colorectum, and cancers with unknown primary site, compared to never-smokers; lung cancer risk was markedly elevated, including for current-smokers of 1-5 cigarettes/day (HR = 9.25, 95%CI=5.2-16.6), increasing to 38.39 (26.2-56.2) for current-smokers of > 30 cigarettes/day. Quitting substantively decreased cancer risk compared to continued smoking, with lung cancer risk decreasing with decreasing age at quitting (p(trend)<0.05), however risks remained elevated for those quitting aged >25 compared to never-smokers (1.73, 1.1-2.6 for age 26-30 years). An estimated 20% of current-smokers in Australia will get lung cancer during their lifetime versus 1.6% of never-smokers. Conclusions Smoking-attributable cancer risks in Australia are significant, comparable to contemporary risks from other developed nations. Key messages Smokers – including “light” smokers – are at high cancer risk, with ∼one-fifth of Australian lifetime smokers developing lung cancer. Quitting is beneficial. Continued investment in tobacco control is essential.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Urinary 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol and Lung Cancer Risk in the General Population: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Park ◽  
Min Kyung Lim ◽  
Eunjung Park ◽  
Jin-Kyoung Oh ◽  
Do-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Based

No published studies have prospectively evaluated the association between urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) levels and lung cancer risk in the general population. Here, we conducted a prospective community-based cohort study in the Republic of Korea to evaluate the relationship between urinary NNAL levels and lung cancer risk using prediagnostic urine samples. This prospective cohort study was based on the Korean National Cancer Center Community Cohort. During the follow-up period, 173 primary lung cancer cases were identified. Total urinary NNAL levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and data were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. The risk of lung cancer was significantly increased per unit of natural log-transformed urinary NNAL (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09–1.48), after adjusting for age, region, entry year into the cohort, education achievement, alcohol consumption status, BMI, smoking status, and urinary cotinine levels. Cox proportional-hazards models with NNAL quartiles also showed positive dose-response relationships with risk of lung cancer. A significantly increased risk of lung cancer was found in the fourth quartile of urinary NNAL levels (HR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.37–7.79, P for trend < 0.01). After stratification with sex, the significant association remained in only men. Urinary NNAL levels are associated with the risk of lung cancer in the general population, and this association is independent from the quantification of cigarette smoking and nicotine uptake.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollution and lung cancer risk among never-smokers in the Womenʼs Health Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. e076
Author(s):  
Shilpa N. Gowda ◽  
Anneclaire J. DeRoos ◽  
Rebecca P. Hunt ◽  
Amanda J. Gassett ◽  
Maria C. Mirabelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Never Smokers

Survival after cancer diagnosis among patients with higher income and education in Israel, a country with highly appreciated health service.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1598-1598
Author(s):  
Yakir Rottenberg ◽  
Aviad Zick ◽  
Tamar Peretz
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Treatment Disparities ◽  
After Cancer

1598 Background: In recent years, the 5 year survival following cancer diagnosis is about two thirds. Among patients with various chronic diseases, improved survival is known to be associated with higher income and education. The aim of the current study is to assess the influence of income and education on survival following cancer diagnosis in Israel. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, using baseline measurement from the 1995 census conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics in Israel. Cancer data were obtained from the Israel Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards ratios were calculated for mortality among cancer patients and adjusted for age, sex, religious, income and education years. The first model excluded cancers associated with early detection (breast, prostate, colorectal and cervix), and a second model excluded also lung cancer in order to control for smoking which is common in lower socioeconomic status. Results: A total of 3,712 cases of cancer and 1,252 deaths were reported during the study period. Higher income (HR=0.985 per 1000NIS, approximately 330$ in 1995's value, p=0.016) and education (HR=0.957 per year of education, p<0.001) were associated with decreased risk of death after cancer diagnosis. Jews had better prognosis than non-Jews following cancer diagnosis (HR=0.62, p<0.001), while males (HR=1.54, p<0.001) and age (HR=1.036 per year, p<0.001) had been associated with worse prognosis. The association between higher income and education was not changed in a model which excluded lung cancer. Conclusions: Higher income and education are associated with improved survival after cancer diagnosis. In the light of current study, further studies are needed to depict the variation in cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis and treatment disparities related to socioeconomic variables.

Misclassification of Smoking Status and Lung Cancer Risk from Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Never-Smokers

Epidemiology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Nyberg ◽  
Inger Isaksson ◽  
Jennifer R. Harris ◽  
Göran Pershagen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Never Smokers

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphism of Cyp2a6 and Cyp2a13 Genes and Environmental Tobacco Smoke Induced Lung Cancer Risk in Indonesian Female Never Smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Noni Soeroso ◽  
Rozaimah Zain-Hamid ◽  
Syamsul Bihar ◽  
Setia Putra Tarigan ◽  
Fannie Rizki Ananda
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Nicotine Metabolism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Never Smoker

BACKGROUND: The presence of nicotine metabolite in the urine of subjects exposed to tobacco smoke represents the nicotine metabolism activity in environmental tobacco smokers. CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 are known as the main enzymes responsible for nicotine metabolism and xenobiotic activity in tobacco smoke-related lung cancer. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between genetic polymorphism of CYP26 and CYP2A13 genes and environmental tobacco smoke-induced lung cancer risk in Indonesian females never smoker. METHODS: This is a case-control study with two-stage of distinguishing polymorphism detection. Restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction from venous blood extraction was performed to examine the CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 polymorphism. Logistic regression test in Epi Info-7 software was carried out to examine genetic polymorphism of CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 genes and environmental tobacco smoke-induced lung cancer risk in Indonesian female never smokers. RESULTS: A total of 203 participants enrolled in this study with the first stage of CYP2A6 polymorphism involved 101 subjects showed no significant correlation between the genotypes of CYP2A6 and the incidence of lung cancer. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between genotypes of CYP2A13 and the incidence of lung cancer (p < 0.05). People with the genotype CT have a 2.7 higher risk for developing lung cancer compare with genotype CC. Allele *1B was the most common allele in CYP2A6. Allele C has more frequencies and has 0.62 times the risk for developing lung cancer compared with allele T with a wide range of confidence intervals (0.73–3.52). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation between polymorphism CYP213 with the incidence of lung cancer among female lung cancer never smoker. However, the results show no significant relationship between CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism and lung cancer incidence.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Risk in Never-Smokers of European Descent is Associated With Genetic Variation in the 5p15.33 TERT-CLPTM1Ll Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayjean J. Hung ◽  
Margaret R. Spitz ◽  
Richard S. Houlston ◽  
Ann G. Schwartz ◽  
John K. Field ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
European Descent ◽  
Never Smokers

scholarly journals Association between Metabolites and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Boon Lee ◽  
Lina Ang ◽  
Wai-Ping Yau ◽  
Wei Jie Seow
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Meta Analyses

Globally, lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer type. However, screening and early detection is challenging. Previous studies have identified metabolites as promising lung cancer biomarkers. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to identify metabolites associated with lung cancer risk in observational studies. The literature search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE databases, up to 31 December 2019, for observational studies on the association between metabolites and lung cancer risk. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test. Meta-analyses were performed using either a fixed-effects or random-effects model, depending on study heterogeneity. Fifty-three studies with 297 metabolites were included. Most identified metabolites (252 metabolites) were reported in individual studies. Meta-analyses were conducted on 45 metabolites. Five metabolites (cotinine, creatinine riboside, N-acetylneuraminic acid, proline and r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene) and five metabolite groups (total 3-hydroxycotinine, total cotinine, total nicotine, total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (sum of concentrations of the metabolite and its glucuronides), and total nicotine equivalent (sum of total 3-hydroxycotinine, total cotinine and total nicotine)) were associated with higher lung cancer risk, while three others (folate, methionine and tryptophan) were associated with lower lung cancer risk. Significant heterogeneity was detected across most studies. These significant metabolites should be further evaluated as potential biomarkers for lung cancer.

scholarly journals White Blood Cell Count and Risk of Incident Lung Cancer in the UK Biobank

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Y Y Wong ◽  
Bryan A Bassig ◽  
Erikka Loftfield ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Neal D Freedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background The contribution of measurable immunological and inflammatory parameters to lung cancer development remains unclear, particularly among never smokers. We investigated the relationship between total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts and incident lung cancer risk overall and among subgroups defined by smoking status and sex in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods We evaluated 424 407 adults aged 37–73 years from the UK Biobank. Questionnaires, physical measurements, and blood were administered and collected at baseline in 2006–2010. Complete blood cell counts were measured using standard methods. Lung cancer diagnoses and histological classifications were obtained from cancer registries. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of incident lung cancer in relation to quartiles (Q) of total WBC and subtype-specific counts, with Q1 as the reference. Results There were 1493 incident cases diagnosed over an average 7-year follow-up. Overall, the highest quartile of total WBC count was statistically significantly associated with elevated lung cancer risk (HRQ4 = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.41 to 1.98). Among women, increased risks were found in current smokers (ncases / n = 244 / 19 464, HRQ4 = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.46 to 3.16), former smokers (ncases / n = 280 / 69 198, HRQ4 = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.47), and never smokers without environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ncases / n = 108 / 111 294, HRQ4 = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.11 to 3.35). Among men, stronger associations were identified in current smokers (ncase s / n = 329 / 22 934, HRQ4 = 2.95, 95% CI = 2.04 to 4.26) and former smokers (ncases / n = 358/71 616, HRQ4 = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.74 to 3.27) but not in never smokers. Findings were similar for lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and were driven primarily by elevated neutrophil fractions. Conclusions Elevated WBCs could potentially be one of many important markers for increased lung cancer risk, especially among never-smoking women and ever-smoking men.

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