scholarly journals The Application of Cytokine Expression Assays to Differentiate Active From Previously Treated Syphilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
Noah Kojima ◽  
Janet C Siebert ◽  
Holden Maecker ◽  
Yael Rosenberg-Hasson ◽  
Segundo R Leon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Syphilis Screening ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Active Syphilis ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Β ◽  
Multiplex Bead

Abstract To investigate the role of serum cytokine assays to distinguish between active from treated syphilis among serofast patients, we recruited individuals into a prospective cohort study. Participants underwent routine syphilis screening. We selected specimens from a majority cohort of serofast participants with treated and active syphilis. We analyzed specimens with a 62-cytokine multiplex bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tumor necrosis factor β, were most predictive. We built a decision tree that was 82.4% accurate, 100% (95% confidence interval, 82%–100%) sensitive, and 45% (18%–75%) specific. Our decision tree differentiated between serum specimens from serofast participants with treated syphilis versus active syphilis.

Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1 in Endotoxin-Induced Middle Ear Effusions

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Prazma ◽  
Rudolph J. Triana ◽  
Steven S. Ball ◽  
C. G. Dean Dais ◽  
Harold C. Pillsbury
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Necrosis Factor

In a rat model, we investigated the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in endotoxin-induced middle ear effusions (MEEs). After the eustachian tube was obstructed, the middle ear was transtympanically injected with 35μL of either 1) 1 mg/ mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS); 2) LPS and 100 μg TNF binding protein (TNFbp); 3) LPS and 1 μg IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra); or 4) LPS, TNFbp, and IL-1ra. Every 2 hours, the fluid within the middle ear was collected, and the quantity of albumin in the fluid, an index of vascular leakage, was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After 6 hours, the middle ear was fixed for histologic analysis. The TNFbp significantly attenuated vascular extravasation into the middle ear. The IL-1ra did not significantly alter effusion development. These results indicate that TNF, but not IL-1, is a mediator of LPS-induced MEE. Therefore, TNFbp may represent a novel approach to the treatment of otitis media with effusion.

scholarly journals Detection of Erythropoietin in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Nonhypoxic Subjects Using a Multiplex Bead Array

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schumann ◽  
Kathy Triantafilou ◽  
Stefan Krueger ◽  
Vinzenz Hombach ◽  
Martha Triantafilou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Breath Condensate ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Multiplex Bead

As a noninvasive method, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has gained importance to improve monitoring of lung diseases and to detect biomarkers. The aim of the study was to investigate, whether erythropoietin (EPO) is detectable in EBC. EBC was collected from 22 consecutive patients as well as from healthy individuals. Using a multiplex fluorescent bead immunoassay, we detected EPO in EBC, as well as tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in 13 out of 22 patients simultaneously (EPO 0.21±0.03 in U/mL and TNF-α34.6±4.2 in pg/mL, mean±SEM). No significant differences for EPO levels or correlation between EPO and TNF-αwere found but TNF-αwas significantly higher in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than in non-COPD (obstructive sleep apnoea, OSA, and lung healthy patients). This is the first report of detection of EPO in EBC. Due to the small study size more data is needed to clarify the role of EPO in EBC.

miR-124-3p Ameliorates Isoflurane-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment via Targeting STAT3 and Inhibiting Neuroinflammation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fenghua Liu ◽  
Fengyu Qiu ◽  
Huayong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Substantial evidence has indicated that isoflurane leads to learning and memory impairment. This study was designed to investigate the potential role of microRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p) in isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Spatial learning and memory of rats were estimated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test after the construction of isoflurane-treated models. qRT-PCR was performed to assess the expression levels of miR-124-3p. The levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the hippocampal tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The luciferase activity was determined by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The higher escape latency and lower time spent in the original quadrant were shown in isoflurane-treated rats compared with the control rats. Moreover, treatment with isoflurane could induce neuroinflammation, and miR-124-3p was poorly expressed in the hippocampal tissue of isoflurane-treated rats. Furthermore, STAT3 is a functional target of miR-124-3p, and inflammatory cytokine level was downregulated by miR-124-3p. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Combining the results of the current study demonstrates that miR-124-3p may have pivotal roles in improving isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment via targeting STAT3 and inhibiting neuroinflammation.

The Association between Blood-Based Global DNA Methylation and Venous Thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Ashfaque A. Memon ◽  
Karolina Palmér ◽  
Peter J. Svensson ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Methylation Patterns

AbstractAlterations in DNA methylation patterns have been associated with many diseases. However, the role of DNA methylation in venous thromboembolism (VTE) is not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between global DNA methylation and VTE. The study participants consisted of 168 individuals including 74 patients with primary VTE from the Malmö Thrombophilia Study (MATS) and 94 healthy controls. Among 74 primary VTE patients, 37 suffered VTE recurrence during the follow-up period; 37 nonrecurrent VTE patients were included for comparison. Blood-based global DNA methylation was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Global DNA methylation was significantly higher in primary VTE patients compared with the healthy controls (median: 0.17 vs. 0.08%; p < 0.001). After stratification of data from primary VTE patients according to sex, the association between higher global DNA methylation and shorter recurrence-free survival time was of borderline statistical significance in males (β = –0.2; p = 0.052) but not in females (β = 0.02; p = 0.90). Our results show that global DNA methylation is associated with primary VTE and that higher levels of global DNA methylation may be associated with early VTE recurrence in males but not in females. Further investigation on the role of DNA methylation as a diagnostic or preventive biomarker in VTE is warranted.

scholarly journals Role of cytokines and nitric oxide in the induction of tuberculostatic macrophage functions

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. Petricevich ◽  
Rosely C. B. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
No Production ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The aim of this study was to determine phenotypic differences when BCG invades macrophages. Bacilli prepared from the same BCG primary seed, but produced in different culture media, were analysed with respect to the ability to stimulate macrophages and the susceptibility to treatment with cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) activity was assayed by measuring its cytotoxic activity on L-929 cells, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas NO levels were detected by Griess colorimetric reactions in the culture supernatant of macrophages incubated with IFN-γ , TNF or NO and subsequently exposed to either BCG-I or BCG-S. We found that BCG-I and BCGS bacilli showed different ability to simulate peritoneal macrophages. Similar levels of IL-6 were detected in stimulated macrophages with lysate from two BCG samples. The highest levels of TNF and IFN-γ were observed in macrophages treated with BCG-S and BCG-I, respectively. The highest levels of NO were observed in cultures stimulated for 48h with BCG-S. We also found a different susceptibility of the bacilli to ex ogenous treatm ent w ith IFN-γ and TNF which were capable of killing 60 and 70% of both bacilli, whereas NO was capable of killing about 98 and 47% of BCG-I and BCG-S, respectively. The amount of bacilli proportionally decreased with IFN-γ and TNF, suggesting a cytokine-related cytotox ic effect. Moreover, NO also decreased the viable number of bacilli. Interestingly, NO levels of peritoneal macrophages were significantly increased after cytokine treatment. This indicates that the treatment of macrophages with cytokines markedly reduced bacilli number and presented effects on NO production. The results obtained here emphasize the importance of adequate stimulation for guaranteeing efficient killing of bacilli. In this particular case, the IFN-γ and TNF were involved in the activation of macrophage bactericidal activity.

scholarly journals Soluble TNF-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis as a New Marker in Preeclampsia: A Pilot Clinical Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Kayaoglu Yildirim ◽  
Abdullah Sumnu ◽  
Neslihan Bademler ◽  
Elif Kilic ◽  
Gulay Sumnu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Pilot Clinical Study ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Introduction. All findings of preeclampsia appear as the clinical consequences of diffuse endothelial dysfunction. Soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) was recently introduced as a TNF related cytokine in various inflammatory and noninflammatory disorders. sTWEAK was found to be related to endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease. In our study we aimed to compare sTWEAK levels in women with preeclampsia to corresponding levels in a healthy pregnant control group.Materials and Methods. The study was undertaken with 33 patients with preeclampsia and 33 normal pregnant women. The concentration of sTWEAK in serum was calculated with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.Results. Serum creatinine, uric acid, LDH levels, and uPCR were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. sTWEAK levels were significantly lower in preeclamptic patients (332 ± 144 pg/mL) than in control subjects (412 ± 166 pg/mL) (p=0.04).Discussion. Our study demonstrates that sTWEAK is decreased in patients with preeclampsia compared to healthy pregnant women. There is a need for further studies to identify the role of sTWEAK in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and to determine whether it can be regarded as a predictor of the development of preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Role of Bacillus anthracis Spore Structures in Macrophage Cytokine Responses

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2351-2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhendu Basu ◽  
Tae Jin Kang ◽  
Wilbur H. Chen ◽  
Matthew J. Fenton ◽  
Les Baillie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Cytokine Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Macrophage Cytokine ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT The innate immune response of macrophages (Mφ) to spores, the environmentally acquired form of Bacillus anthracis, is poorly characterized. We therefore examined the early Mφ cytokine response to B. anthracis spores, before germination. Mφ were exposed to bacilli and spores of Sterne strain 34F2 and its congenic nongerminating mutant (ΔgerH), and cytokine expression was measured by real-time PCR and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The exosporium spore layer was retained (exo+) or removed by sonication (exo−). Spores consistently induced a strong cytokine response, with the exo− spores eliciting a two- to threefold-higher response than exo+ spores. The threshold for interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production by wild-type Mφ was significantly lower than that required for tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. Cytokine production was largely dependent on MyD88, suggesting Toll-like receptor involvement; however, the expression of beta interferon in MyD88−/− Mφ suggests involvement of a MyD88-independent pathway. We conclude that (i) the B. anthracis spore is not immunologically inert, (ii) the exosporium masks epitopes recognized by the Mφ, (iii) the Mφ cytokine response to B. anthracis involves multiple pattern recognition receptors and signaling pathways, and (iv) compared to other cytokines, IL-1β is expressed at a lower spore concentration.

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