World Pneumonia Day 2011–2016: Twitter contents and retweets

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mohiuddin Adnan ◽  
Jingjing Yin ◽  
Ashley M Jackson ◽  
Zion Tsz Ho Tse ◽  
Hai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Vaccine Price ◽  
Hurdle Regression ◽  
Dirichlet Allocation

Abstract Background Twitter is used for World Pneumonia Day (WPD; November 12) communication. We evaluate if themes of #pneumonia tweets were associated with retweet frequency. Methods A total of 28 181 original #pneumonia tweets were retrieved (21 November 2016), from which six subcorpora, 1 mo before and 1 mo after WPD 2011–2016, were extracted (n=6721). Underlying topics were identified via latent Dirichlet allocation and were manually coded into themes. The association of themes with retweet count was assessed via multivariable hurdle regression. Results Compared with personal experience tweets, tweets that both raised awareness and promoted intervention were 2.62 times as likely to be retweeted (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.62 [95% 1.79 to 3.85]) and if retweeted had 37% more retweets (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.37 [95% CI 1.06 to 1.78]). Tweets that raised concerns about vaccine price were twice as likely to be retweeted (aOR 2.29 [95% CI 1.36 to 3.84]) and if retweeted, had double the retweet count (aPR 2.05 [95% CI 1.27 to 3.29]) of tweets sharing personal experience. Conclusions The #pneumonia tweets that both raised awareness and promoted interventions and those discussing vaccine price were more likely to engage users than tweets about personal experience. These results help health professionals craft WPD messages that will engage the audience.

Health professionals’ attitude and associated factors toward cytotoxic drug handling in University of Gondar specialized hospital: Institution-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110404
Author(s):  
Wudneh Simegn ◽  
Baye Dagnew ◽  
Henok Dagne ◽  
Berhanemeskel Weldegerima
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cytotoxic Drug ◽  
Cytotoxic Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Handling

Background Studies have shown that cytotoxic drugs are dangerous to health care workers. Health care professionals’ attitude to cytotoxic drugs is vital to apply safety protocols in the prevention of cytotoxicity. The current study aimed to assess health professionals’ desirable attitude and associated factors toward cytotoxic drugs handling in the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 412 health professionals from June to August 2019. Simple random sampling was used to select participants and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Epi Info and SPSS 20 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Variables with a p value < 0.05 were declared as determinants. Results The number of health professionals included was approximately 412. The mean age of participants was 29.9 ± 5.4 years. The proportion of participants with desirable attitude toward cytotoxic drugs handling was 224 (54.4%) (95% confidence interval: 51.95–56.85). Male (adjusted odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval:[1.08–2.65]), work experience of 5–8 years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.92, 95% confidence interval: [1.10–3.34]), weekly working hours of 44–55 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.25, 95% confidence interval: [1.02–4.96]), medium work stress (adjusted odds ratio = 1.67, 95% confidence interval: [1.01–2.69]), and good practice of cytotoxic drug handling (adjusted odds ratio = 1.67, 95% confidence interval: [1.04–2.67]) were significantly associated with the attitude of health professionals. Conclusion A significant proportion of health care workers did not have desirable attitude to handle cytotoxic drugs. Thus, strategies are suggested to improve the positive attitude of health professionals to cytotoxic drug handling. Female health professionals, those who had work experience of less than 2 years and those with higher work stress demand special attention.

scholarly journals Religiousness, social support and the use of antidepressants among the elderly: a population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Roberto Tarifa Vicente ◽  
Érico Castro-Costa ◽  
Josélia de Oliveira Araújo Firmo ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
Antônio Ignácio de Loyola Filho
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Population Based Study

Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate whether religiousness and social support were associated with the use of antidepressants among community-dwelling elders. The research involved 1,606 older adults who make up the cohort of Bambuí Project, a study on ageing and health. The dependent variable was the use of antidepressants in the last 90 days, and the exposures of interest were social support and religiousness. Logistic regression was used to test the associations and to estimate crude and adjusted Odds Ratio and their 95% confidence intervals. The chances of use of antidepressants were significantly lower among older people with higher level of religiosity (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.70), but none of the descriptors social support was associated with the event. In this population, it is possible that religion occupies a prominent role in the arsenal of health problems coping strategies, especially mental. Health professionals attending this particular segment of the population (elderly people with depressive disorders) should consider religiousness of patients when the proposed guidelines and treatment in coping with their mental suffering.

scholarly journals Cumulative Concussion and Odds of Stroke in Former National Football League Players

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Brett ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Neelum T. Aggarwal ◽  
Avinash Chandran ◽  
Rebekah Mannix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Bias Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Concussion History

Background and Purpose: Postmortem and experimental studies indicate a potential association between repeated concussions and stroke risk in older contact sport athletes. We examined the relationship between concussion and stroke history in former National Football League players aged ≥50 years. Methods: Former professional football players aged ≥50 years who played ≥1 year in the National Football League were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Indirect standardization was used to calculate overall and decade-specific standardized prevalence ratios. Logistic regression using Firth’s bias reduction method examined the association between lifetime concussion history 0 (n=119; 12.2%), 1 to 2 (n=152; 15.5%), 3 to 5 (n=242; 24.7%), 6 to 9 (201; 20.5%), and 10+(n=265; 27.1%) and stroke. Adjusted odds ratios for stroke were calculated for concussion history groups, age, and coronary artery disease and/or myocardial infarction. Results: The 979 participants who met inclusion criteria had a mean age of 65.0±9.0 years (range, 50–99). The prevalence of stroke was 3.4% (n=33), significantly lower than expected based on rates of stroke in US men aged 50 and over (standardized prevalence ratio=0.56, Z= −4.56, P <0.001). Greater odds of stroke history were associated with concussion history (10+ versus 0, adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]=5.51 [1.61–28.95]), cardiovascular disease (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]=2.24 [1.01–4.77]), and age (1-year-increase adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]=1.07 [1.02–1.11]). Conclusions: The prevalence of stroke among former National Football League players aged ≥50 years was lower than the general population, with significantly increased risk among those with 10 or more prior concussions. Findings add to the evidence suggesting that traumatic brain injuries are associated with increased risk of stroke. Clinically, management of cardio- and cerebrovascular health may be pertinent to those with a history of multiple prior concussions.

scholarly journals Preparedness level and associated factors of health professionals regarding COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110011
Author(s):  
Denberu Eshetie Adane ◽  
Basazinew Chekol Demilew ◽  
Netsanet Temesgen Ayenew ◽  
Tadesse Tamrie Negash ◽  
Abebe Tiruneh Boled
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Analysis

Objective: To assess the level of preparedness of health professionals working in South Gondar Zone public hospital, Debre Tabor Comprehensive specialized Hospital for coronavirus. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with a self-administered questionnaire from April 20 to May 20. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, bivariable, and multivariable logistic analysis were done. Bivariable and multivariable regression was held to determine significant predictors for preparedness. For all statistical analyses, a p value ⩽ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: From a total health professionals, 301 health professionals with a response rate of 86% participated in the study. Among these, 206 were males while 95 participants were females with a mean age of 29.71 ± 5.84 years. To determine the preparedness level, we use the mean preparedness score of the respondents. Around 64.1% of health professionals were well prepared. Among 20 respondents who had a chronic illness, 80% of them think their illness is risky for the pandemic. The majority of the respondents (229/76.1%) responded as they were working without protective equipment. From the multivariable analysis male sex (adjusted odds ratio = 2.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.193–3.590), family living with them (adjusted odds ratio = 4.507, 95% confidence interval = 1.863–10.90), and involvement of other previous outbreak (adjusted odds ratio = 2.245, 95% confidence interval = 1.176–4.286) were the predictors for good preparedness. Conclusion: Most of the health professionals were well prepared. Being male, living within a family, and involvement of other outbreaks leads to good preparation. Governmental bodies and hospital managers have to help health professionals to be prepared enough to combat the pandemic.

Similarity Detection Using Latent Semantic Analysis Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Priyanka R. Patil ◽  
Shital A. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Latent Semantic Analysis ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Information Measures ◽  
Automated Software ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Dirichlet Allocation

Similarity View is an application for visually comparing and exploring multiple models of text and collection of document. Friendbook finds ways of life of clients from client driven sensor information, measures the closeness of ways of life amongst clients, and prescribes companions to clients if their ways of life have high likeness. Roused by demonstrate a clients day by day life as life records, from their ways of life are separated by utilizing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation Algorithm. Manual techniques can't be utilized for checking research papers, as the doled out commentator may have lacking learning in the exploration disciplines. For different subjective views, causing possible misinterpretations. An urgent need for an effective and feasible approach to check the submitted research papers with support of automated software. A method like text mining method come to solve the problem of automatically checking the research papers semantically. The proposed method to finding the proper similarity of text from the collection of documents by using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) with synonym algorithm which is used to find synonyms of text index wise by using the English wordnet dictionary, another algorithm is LSA without synonym used to find the similarity of text based on index. LSA with synonym rate of accuracy is greater when the synonym are consider for matching.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Persons Living With HIV by Enrollment Status in Washington, DC: Evaluation of a Large Longitudinal HIV Cohort Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenevieve Opoku ◽  
Rupali K Doshi ◽  
Amanda D Castel ◽  
Ian Sorensen ◽  
Michael Horberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

BACKGROUND HIV cohort studies have been used to assess health outcomes and inform the care and treatment of people living with HIV disease. However, there may be similarities and differences between cohort participants and the general population from which they are drawn. OBJECTIVE The objective of this analysis was to compare people living with HIV who have and have not been enrolled in the DC Cohort study and assess whether participants are a representative citywide sample of people living with HIV in the District of Columbia (DC). METHODS Data from the DC Health (DCDOH) HIV surveillance system and the DC Cohort study were matched to identify people living with HIV who were DC residents and had consented for the study by the end of 2016. Analysis was performed to identify differences between DC Cohort and noncohort participants by demographics and comorbid conditions. HIV disease stage, receipt of care, and viral suppression were evaluated. Adjusted logistic regression assessed correlates of health outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS There were 12,964 known people living with HIV in DC at the end of 2016, of which 40.1% were DC Cohort participants. Compared with nonparticipants, participants were less likely to be male (68.0% vs 74.9%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001) but more likely to be black (82.3% vs 69.5%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001) and have a heterosexual contact HIV transmission risk (30.3% vs 25.9%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). DC Cohort participants were also more likely to have ever been diagnosed with stage 3 HIV disease (59.6% vs 47.0%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), have a CD4 &lt;200 cells/µL in 2017 (6.2% vs 4.6%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), be retained in any HIV care in 2017 (72.9% vs 59.4%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), and be virally suppressed in 2017. After adjusting for demographics, DC Cohort participants were significantly more likely to have received care in 2017 (adjusted odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.70-2.00) and to have ever been virally suppressed (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.20-1.40). CONCLUSIONS These data have important implications when assessing the representativeness of patients enrolled in clinic-based cohorts compared with the DC-area general HIV population. As participants continue to enroll in the DC Cohort study, ongoing assessment of representativeness will be required.

scholarly journals Gamma models for estimating the odds ratio for a skewed biomarker measured in pools and subject to errors

Biostatistics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dane R Van Domelen ◽  
Emily M Mitchell ◽  
Neil J Perkins ◽  
Enrique F Schisterman ◽  
Amita K Manatunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Statistical Efficiency ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Processing Error ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pooled Samples

SUMMARYMeasuring a biomarker in pooled samples from multiple cases or controls can lead to cost-effective estimation of a covariate-adjusted odds ratio, particularly for expensive assays. But pooled measurements may be affected by assay-related measurement error (ME) and/or pooling-related processing error (PE), which can induce bias if ignored. Building on recently developed methods for a normal biomarker subject to additive errors, we present two related estimators for a right-skewed biomarker subject to multiplicative errors: one based on logistic regression and the other based on a Gamma discriminant function model. Applied to a reproductive health dataset with a right-skewed cytokine measured in pools of size 1 and 2, both methods suggest no association with spontaneous abortion. The fitted models indicate little ME but fairly severe PE, the latter of which is much too large to ignore. Simulations mimicking these data with a non-unity odds ratio confirm validity of the estimators and illustrate how PE can detract from pooling-related gains in statistical efficiency. These methods address a key issue associated with the homogeneous pools study design and should facilitate valid odds ratio estimation at a lower cost in a wide range of scenarios.

scholarly journals Sex modulates the association of radial artery augmentation index with renal function decline in individuals without chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Qin ◽  
Fangfang Fan ◽  
Jia Jia ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Bo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Renal Function Decline

Abstract Purpose An increase in arterial stiffness is associated with rapid renal function decline (RFD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the radial augmentation index (rAI), a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, affects RFD in individuals without CKD. Methods A total of 3165 Chinese participants from an atherosclerosis cohort with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) of ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included in this study. The baseline rAI normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats/min (rAIp75) was obtained using an arterial applanation tonometry probe. The eGFRs at both baseline and follow-up were calculated using the equation derived from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. The association of the rAIp75 with RFD (defined as a drop in the eGFR category accompanied by a ≥ 25% drop in eGFR from baseline or a sustained decline in eGFR of > 5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) was evaluated using the multivariate regression model. Results During the 2.35-year follow-up, the incidence of RFD was 7.30%. The rAIp75 had no statistically independent association with RFD after adjustment for possible confounders (adjusted odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.27, p = 0.074). When stratified according to sex, the rAIp75 was significantly associated with RFD in women, but not in men (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.23[1.06–1.43], p = 0.007 for women, 0.94[0.76–1.16], p = 0.542 for men; p for interaction = 0.038). Conclusion The rAI might help screen for those at high risk of early rapid RFD in women without CKD.

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