scholarly journals The State of Speech in HCI: Trends, Themes and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Clark ◽  
Philip Doyle ◽  
Diego Garaialde ◽  
Emer Gilmartin ◽  
Stephan Schlögl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Wizard Of Oz ◽  
Speech Interfaces ◽  
Interface Interaction ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Speech Interface ◽  
User Attitudes ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractSpeech interfaces are growing in popularity. Through a review of 99 research papers this work maps the trends, themes, findings and methods of empirical research on speech interfaces in the field of human–computer interaction (HCI). We find that studies are usability/theory-focused or explore wider system experiences, evaluating Wizard of Oz, prototypes or developed systems. Measuring task and interaction was common, as was using self-report questionnaires to measure concepts like usability and user attitudes. A thematic analysis of the research found that speech HCI work focuses on nine key topics: system speech production, design insight, modality comparison, experiences with interactive voice response systems, assistive technology and accessibility, user speech production, using speech technology for development, peoples’ experiences with intelligent personal assistants and how user memory affects speech interface interaction. From these insights we identify gaps and challenges in speech research, notably taking into account technological advancements, the need to develop theories of speech interface interaction, grow critical mass in this domain, increase design work and expand research from single to multiple user interaction contexts so as to reflect current use contexts. We also highlight the need to improve measure reliability, validity and consistency, in the wild deployment and reduce barriers to building fully functional speech interfaces for research.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSMost papers focused on usability/theory-based or wider system experience research with a focus on Wizard of Oz and developed systems Questionnaires on usability and user attitudes often used but few were reliable or validated Thematic analysis showed nine primary research topics Challenges identified in theoretical approaches and design guidelines, engaging with technological advances, multiple user and in the wild contexts, critical research mass and barriers to building speech interfaces

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Automotive Speech Interfaces: Useful Information from the Human Factors and the Related Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ei-Wen Lo ◽  
Paul A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Wizard Of Oz ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Speech Interfaces ◽  
User Device

Drivers often use infotainment systems in motor vehicles, such as systems for navigation, music, and phones. However, operating visual-manual interfaces for these systems can distract drivers. Speech interfaces may be less distracting. To help designing easy-to-use speech interfaces, this paper identifies key speech interfaces (e.g., CHAT, Linguatronic, SYNC, Siri, and Google Voice), their features, and what was learned from evaluating them and other systems. Also included is information on key technical standards (e.g., ISO 9921, ITU P.800) and relevant design guidelines. This paper also describes relevant design and evaluation methods (e.g., Wizard of Oz) and how to make driving studies replicable (e.g., by referencing SAE J2944). Throughout the paper, there is discussion of linguistic terms (e.g., turn-taking) and principles (e.g., Grice’s Conversational Maxims) that provide a basis for describing user-device interactions and errors in evaluations.

scholarly journals Riding the Same Wavelength: Designers’ Perceptions of Shared Understanding in Remote Teams

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110401
Author(s):  
Jonas Kniel ◽  
Alice Comi
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
Team Spirit ◽  
Remote Design ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Geographical Locations

The buildup of shared understanding is central to design work. It is particularly important in remote teams, where design work is carried out by participants scattered across geographical locations. We contribute by exploring designers’ perceptions of shared understanding in remote teams. Taking the perspective of individual designers working in remote teams, we pursue two aims: first, to uncover the work elements that are perceived as requiring shared understanding, and second, to identify the perceived enablers of and barriers to the buildup of shared understanding. Albeit under-researched, such individual perceptions are important because they likely shape the scope and extent of the shared understanding built in the remote team. To pursue our aims, we conducted in-depth interviews with experienced designers. Using thematic analysis, we found that team spirit, shared experience, trustworthiness, and transparency, as well as project management and related micro-practices, are perceived as central to building shared understanding in remote design teams.

scholarly journals Species in the wild: a typology of innovation ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Klimas ◽  
Wojciech Czakon
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Innovation Ecosystems ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive and useful typology of innovation ecosystems. While recent conceptual efforts have been allocated to delineating innovation ecosystems from other phenomena, much less systematic attention has been given to the diversity found within the innovation ecosystem realm. We run a thematic analysis of systematic literature reviews and collect 34 specific types of innovation ecosystems. We expand this list with criteria-derived complementary types and propose a set of 50 distinct innovation ecosystem varieties. Next, we identify the 14 typology criteria used so far in the literature, thematically analyse them and aggregate them into a set useful for further rigorous scrutiny and for the incremental collection of empirical findings. Innovation ecosystems can thus be categorized into (1) life cycle, (2) structure, (3) innovation focus, (4) scope of activities, and (5) performance.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Attitudes of Archivists towards the Use of Social Media at Archives New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leah Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Media Analysis ◽  
User Attitudes ◽  
Use Of Social Media

<p>Research problem: The purpose of this case study was to identify the attitudes of reference archivists at Archives New Zealand towards the use of social media. Analysis of the results aimed to determine whether attitudes expressed were affecting the organization’s current use of social media. Methodology: Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes of attitudes expressed by the archivists during semi-structured interviews. In turn content analysis was undertaken to determine Archives New Zealand’s current use of social media. Results: Analysis of the data showed that archivists were able to see the opportunities that the use of social media could bring. Although some concerns were expressed the overall impression given that it would be used in future but first a strategic plan need be put in place. Implications: Although results provide some insight, as a relatively small study it would be beneficial for further research to be undertaken. Additionally, a similar study of user attitudes would provide a more balanced view of the use of social media at Archives New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Attitudes of Archivists towards the Use of Social Media at Archives New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leah Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Media Analysis ◽  
User Attitudes ◽  
Use Of Social Media

<p>Research problem: The purpose of this case study was to identify the attitudes of reference archivists at Archives New Zealand towards the use of social media. Analysis of the results aimed to determine whether attitudes expressed were affecting the organization’s current use of social media. Methodology: Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes of attitudes expressed by the archivists during semi-structured interviews. In turn content analysis was undertaken to determine Archives New Zealand’s current use of social media. Results: Analysis of the data showed that archivists were able to see the opportunities that the use of social media could bring. Although some concerns were expressed the overall impression given that it would be used in future but first a strategic plan need be put in place. Implications: Although results provide some insight, as a relatively small study it would be beneficial for further research to be undertaken. Additionally, a similar study of user attitudes would provide a more balanced view of the use of social media at Archives New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Trust and Expectations in CRI Using In-the-Wild Studies

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Paulina Zguda ◽  
Anna Kołota ◽  
Gentiane Venture ◽  
Bartlomiej Sniezynski ◽  
Bipin Indurkhya
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Wizard Of Oz ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Children’S Expectations

Studying interactions of children with humanoid robots in familiar spaces in natural contexts has become a key issue for social robotics. To fill this need, we conducted several Child–Robot Interaction (CRI) events with the Pepper robot in Polish and Japanese kindergartens. In this paper, we explore the role of trust and expectations towards the robot in determining the success of CRI. We present several observations from the video recordings of our CRI events and the transcripts of free-format question-answering sessions with the robot using the Wizard-of-Oz (WOZ) methodology. From these observations, we identify children’s behaviors that indicate trust (or lack thereof) towards the robot, e.g., challenging behavior of a robot or physical interactions with it. We also gather insights into children’s expectations, e.g., verifying expectations as a causal process and an agency or expectations concerning the robot’s relationships, preferences and physical and behavioral capabilities. Based on our experiences, we suggest some guidelines for designing more effective CRI scenarios. Finally, we argue for the effectiveness of in-the-wild methodologies for planning and executing qualitative CRI studies.

Freeze-substituted fungal cells of Nectria haematococca: A comparison of the macroconidial walls of the adhesion-competent wild type with an adhesion-reduced mutant

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-689
Author(s):  
Thecan Caesar-Ton That ◽  
Lynn Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nectria Haematococca ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Tube Emergence ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Freeze Damage

Nectria haematococca mating population I (anamorph, Fusarium solani) macroconidia attach to its host (squash) and non-host surfaces prior to germ tube emergence. The macroconidia become adhesive after a brief period of protein synthesis. Recently, Hickman et al. (1989) isolated N. haematococca adhesion-reduced mutants. Using freeze substitution, we compared the development of the macroconidial wall in the wild type in comparison to one of the mutants, LEI.Macroconidia were harvested at 1C, washed by centrifugation, resuspended in a dilute zucchini fruit extract and incubated from 0 - 5 h. During the incubation period, wild type macroconidia attached to uncoated dialysis tubing. Mutant macroconidia did not attach and were collected on poly-L-lysine coated dialysis tubing just prior to freezing. Conidia on the tubing were frozen in liquid propane at 191 - 193C, substituted in acetone with 2% OsO4 and 0.05% uranyl acetate, washed with acetone, and flat-embedded in Epon-Araldite. Using phase contrast microscopy at 1000X, cells without freeze damage were selected, remounted, sectioned and post-stained sequentially with 1% Ba(MnO4)2 2% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. At least 30 cells/treatment were examined.

Plug-in scripts for EFTEM automation

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 546-547
Author(s):  
N. D. Evans ◽  
M. K. Kundmann
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Short Period ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research Equipment

Post-column energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) is inherently challenging as it requires the researcher to setup, align, and control both the microscope and the energy-filter. The software behind an EFTEM system is therefore critical to efficient, day-to-day application of this technique. This is particularly the case in a multiple-user environment such as at the Shared Research Equipment (SHaRE) User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Here, visiting researchers, who may oe unfamiliar with the details of EFTEM, need to accomplish as much as possible in a relatively short period of time.We describe here our work in extending the base software of a commercially available EFTEM system in order to automate and streamline particular EFTEM tasks. The EFTEM system used is a Philips CM30 fitted with a Gatan Imaging Filter (GIF). The base software supplied with this system consists primarily of two Macintosh programs and a collection of add-ons (plug-ins) which provide instrument control, imaging, and data analysis facilities needed to perform EFTEM.

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