Augmented Experiences: Investigating the Feasibility of Virtual Reality as Part of a Workplace Wellbeing Intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Naylor ◽  
Ben Morrison ◽  
Brad Ridout ◽  
Andrew Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Exploratory Experiment ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This exploratory experiment tested the effect of two virtual reality (VR) relaxation interventions on measures of physiological arousal and affect, compared to a control. Forty-nine participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, all using the Oculus Rift. Participants wore a heart rate (HR) monitor and completed pre- and post-test surveys, including the positive and negative affect schedule, Likert-type and open feedback questions. Mixed repeated measures ANOVAs revealed significant reductions in HR and affect over time across all conditions, with a significant interaction identified for the breathing condition’s effect on negative affect. Participants were able to identify feeling relaxation, as well as influencing factors. Further, the majority expected, and supported, the introduction of VR interventions in their workplace and/or college, with privacy being a common concern. These results demonstrate the potential of VR augmented relaxation interventions with recommendations for further study provided. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS VR can potentially provide wellbeing interventions with a uniquely immersive quality Results suggest interactive and immersive VR experiences may facilitate relaxation and reduce stress Participants believe there may be substantial benefits to having VR wellbeing interventions at work and college.

scholarly journals Acute Comparative Effect of Foam Rolling and Static Stretching on Range of Motion in Rowers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3631
Author(s):  
Alfonso Penichet-Tomas ◽  
Basilio Pueo ◽  
Marta Abad-Lopez ◽  
Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Foam Rolling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Alternating Treatment Design ◽  
Stroke Amplitude ◽  
Treatment Design ◽  
Over Time

Rowers’ anthropometric characteristics and flexibility are fundamental to increase stroke amplitude and optimize power transfer. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of foam rolling and static stretching on the range of motion over time. Eight university rowers (24.8 ± 3.4 yrs., height 182.3 ± 6.5 cm, body mass 79.3 ± 4.6 kg) participated in an alternating treatment design study with two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The sit and reach test was used to measure the range of motion. Both in the foam rolling and in the static stretching method, a pre-test (T0), a post-test (T1), and a post-15-min test (T2) were performed. A significant effect was observed on the range of motion over time (p < 0.001), but not for time x method interaction (p = 0.680). Significant differences were found between T0 and T1 with foam rolling and static stretching (p < 0.001, d = 0.4); p < 0.001, d = 0.6). The differences between T0 and T2 were also significant with both methods (p = 0.001, d = 0.4; p < 0.001, d = 0.4). However, no significant difference was observed between T1 and T2 (p = 1.000, d = 0.1; p = 0.089, d = 0.2). Foam roller and static stretching seem to be effective methods to improve the range of motion but there seems to be no differences between them.

Psychophysiologic responses of mechanically ventilated patients to music: a pilot study

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
LL Chlan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ventilated Patients

BACKGROUND: Although mechanically ventilated patients experience numerous stressors, they have not been included in music therapy stress reduction and relaxation studies. OBJECTIVE: To examine selected psychophysiologic responses of mechanically ventilated patients to music. METHODS: A two-group experimental design with pretest, posttest, and repeated measures was used. Twenty mechanically ventilated patients were randomized to a music-listening group or a nonmusic (headphones only) group. Physiologic dependent measures--heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and airway pressure--were collected at timed intervals. Psychologic data were collected before and after intervention using the Profile of Mood States. RESULTS: Using repeated measures analysis of variance, results for heart rate and respiratory rate over time and over time between groups were significant. Between-group differences were significant for respiratory rate. Significant differences were found via t test for the music group's Profile of Mood States scores. No adverse cardiovascular responses were noted for either group. CONCLUSIONS: Data indicated that music listening decreased heart rate, respiratory rate, and Profile of Mood States scores, indicating relaxation and mood improvement.

scholarly journals A MICROLONGITUDINAL APPROACH TO STUDYING GRANDMOTHER-GRANDCHILD DAILY INTERACTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S281-S282
Author(s):  
Shelbie Turner ◽  
Shannon T Mejia ◽  
Robert S Stawski ◽  
Karen Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Daily Interactions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Research suggests that grandparent-grandchild dyads shift in degree of solidarity over extended periods of time (e.g. Moorman & Stokes, 2016), but no work has considered grandparent-grandchild interactions microlongitudinally. This study utilized microlongitudinal data with an emphasis on intraindividual variability to examine the daily processes associated with relational aspects of grandparenting. Using data from 24 grandmothers in the Personal Understandings of Life and Social Experiences (PULSE) project, we explored how grandmother-reported satisfaction with grandchild interactions impacted grandmothers’ same-day positive and negative affect over 100 days. We first justified the need for microlongitudinal analyses by assessing the degree to which there were within-person shifts in interaction satisfaction over time. Intra-class correlations indicated 86% of the variation in interaction satisfaction was within-persons, warranting an intraindividual variability approach. As such, we then employed multi-level models to examine the within-person and between-person effects of interaction satisfaction predicting same day positive and negative affect. At the within-person level, on days when grandmothers reported higher than their average interaction satisfaction, they reported more positive affect (Estimate = 0.09, SE = 0.03, p = 0.009) and lower negative affect overall that day (Estimate = -0.08, SE = 0.02, p = 0.005). At the between-person level, grandmothers who had, on average, higher interaction satisfaction had more positive affect (Estimate = 0.63, SE = 0.09, p&lt;.0001) and lower negative affect on average (Estimate = -0.53, SE = 0.11, p&lt;.0001).

Consistent Immediate Effects of Foot Orthoses on Comfort and Lower Extremity Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mündermann ◽  
Benno M. Nigg ◽  
R. Neil Humble ◽  
Darren J. Stefanyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Over Time

In order to accommodate patients to new foot orthoses over time, two steps are required: The first is to obtain a baseline reading of the immediate effects across several weeks to ensure consistency. The second step is to look at changes with progressively longer wear periods similar to what occurs in general practice. This study addressed the first step. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the baseline reading of the immediate effects of foot orthoses on comfort and lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity is consistent between days. Participants were 21 recreational runners who volunteered for the study. Three orthotic conditions (posting, custom-molding, posting and custom-molding) were compared to a control (flat) insert. Lower extremity kinematic, kinetic, and EMG data were collected for 108 trials per participant and condition in 9 sessions for each person for running at 4 m/s. Comfort for all orthotic conditions was assessed in each session using a visual analog scale. Statistically significant session effects were detected using repeated-measures ANOVA (α = .05). Three of the 93 variables had a significant session effect. A significant interaction between orthotic condition and session was observed for 6 of the 93 variables. The results of this study showed that the effects of foot orthoses on comfort, lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity are consistent across a 3-week period when the wear time for each condition is restricted. Thus, foot orthoses lead to immediate changes in comfort, kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity with limited use. These immediate effects of foot orthoses on comfort, kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity are consistent between days.

scholarly journals A View of Waste Might Decrease Relaxation: The Effects of Viewing an Open Dump in a Forest Environment on the Psychological Response of Healthy Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinis Ernest ◽  
Janeczko Emilia ◽  
Takayama Norimasa ◽  
Słupska Alicja ◽  
Korcz Natalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Forest Recreation ◽  
Psychological Indicators ◽  
Outdoor Experience ◽  
The Impact

AbstractForest recreation can be successfully used for the psychological relaxation of respondents and can be used as a remedy for common problems with stress. The special form of forest recreation intended for restoration is forest bathing. These activities might be distracted by some factors, such as viewing buildings in the forest or using a computer in nature, which interrupt psychological relaxation. One factor that might interrupt psychological relaxation is the occurrence of an open dump in the forest during an outdoor experience. To test the hypothesis that an open dump might decrease psychological relaxation, a case study was planned that used a randomized, controlled crossover design. For this purpose, two groups of healthy young adults viewed a control forest or a forest with an open dump in reverse order and filled in psychological questionnaires after each stimulus. A pretest was used. Participants wore oblique eye patches to stop their visual stimulation before the experimental stimulation, and the physical environment was monitored. The results were analyzed using the two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The measured negative psychological indicators significantly increased after viewing the forest with waste, and the five indicators of the Profile of Mood States increased: Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, Anger-Hostility, Fatigue, and Confusion. In addition, the negative aspect of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule increased in comparison to the control and pretest. The measured positive indicators significantly decreased after viewing the forest with waste, the positive aspect of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule decreased, and the Restorative Outcome Scale and Subjective Vitality scores decreased (in comparison to the control and pretest). The occurrence of an open dump in the forest might interrupt a normal restorative experience in the forest by reducing psychological relaxation. Nevertheless, the mechanism of these relevancies is not known, and thus, it will be further investigated. In addition, in a future study, the size of the impact of these open dumps on normal everyday experiences should be investigated. It is proposed that different mechanisms might be responsible for these reactions; however, the aim of this manuscript is to only measure this reaction. The identified psychological reasons for these mechanisms can be assessed in further studies.

scholarly journals Time slows down on a crowded train

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Sadeghi ◽  
Ricardo Daziano ◽  
So-Yeon Yoon ◽  
Adam K. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Trip Duration ◽  
Negative Feelings

Numerosity, complexity and affect are among factors known to dilate perceived time. While such objective and subjective factors are usually tested in isolation with simple stimuli in the lab, here we examined the perceived passage of time in the ecology of daily social life: crowded public transit. Higher crowding level denotes a higher numerosity along with increased negative affect. Accordingly, we hypothesized that crowding lengthens subjective trip duration. Participants (N=41) experienced short (between 1 to 2 minutes) immersive subway trips using Virtual Reality (VR). Each individual experienced multiple virtual trips with different crowding levels. After each trip, they were asked to estimate the trip duration and rate its affective pleasantness. Presence of one additional person per square meter of the train significantly increased perceived travel time by an average of 1.8 seconds. Rather than objective factors, this effect was mediated by subjective negative feelings induced by crowding. Analysis of cardiac data also revealed the slope of change in heart rate during a trip as a physiological source of perceived travel time, independent of the crowding level. This study is an example of bringing basic psychological and physiological findings into an ecologically valid setting using VR technology. Findings have broader implications for the effects of disliking social crowding on our daily perceptions, which is likely more pronounced during or even after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gaming in Virtual Reality: What Changes in Terms of Usability, Emotional Response and Sense of Presence Compared to Non-Immersive Video Games?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Pallavicini ◽  
Alessandro Pepe ◽  
Maria Eleonora Minissi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Reality Condition ◽  
Sense Of Presence

Background. Virtual reality can provide innovative gaming experiences for present and future game players. However, scientific knowledge is still limited about differences between player’s experience in video games played in immersive modalities and games played in non-immersive modalities (i.e., on a desktop display). Materials and method. Smash Hit was played by 24 young adults in immersive (virtual reality) and non-immersive (desktop) condition. Self-report questionnaires (VAS-A, VAS-HP, VAS-SP, SUS, SUS-II) and psycho-physiological measures (heart rate and skin conductance) were used to assess usability, emotional response and the reported sense of presence. Results. No statistical differences emerged between the immersive and the non-immersive condition regarding usability and performance scores. The general linear model for repeated measures conducted on VAS-A, VAS-HP, VAS-SP scores for the virtual reality condition supported the idea that playing in the immersive display modality was associated with higher self-reported happiness and surprise; analysis on SUS-II revealed that the perceived sense of presence was higher in the virtual reality condition Discussion and conclusion. The proposed study provides evidence that (a) playing a video game in virtual reality was not more difficult than playing through a desktop display; (b) players showed a more intense emotional response, as assessed by self-report questionnaires and with psycho-physiological indexes (heart rate and skin conductance), after playing in virtual reality versus after playing through the desktop display; (c) the perceived sense of presence was found to be greater in virtual reality as opposed to the non-immersive condition.

scholarly journals T103. THE EFFECT OF VIRTUAL REALITY COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON PARANOIA AND MOOD STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S270-S270
Author(s):  
Chris Geraets ◽  
Evelien Snippe ◽  
Marije Van Beilen ◽  
Roos Pot-Kolder ◽  
Marieke Wichers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Dynamic Interplay ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Recently, the efficacy of a novel virtual reality based cognitive behavior therapy (VR-CBT) for paranoia was demonstrated. Evidence is growing that the maintenance of psychosis may be influenced by affective processes. This study examined how treatment with VR-CBT influenced positive and negative affect states, and whether the interplay between mental states was affected. Methods The sample consisted of 91 patients with a psychotic disorder randomized either to 16-session individual VR-CBT or treatment as usual. The experience sampling method (ESM; a structured diary technique) was used to assess mental states at baseline, post-intervention and 6-month follow-up. Mixed model analyses were conducted to study treatment effects. Lagged associations between mental states were estimated at baseline and post-intervention, and were visualized with networks. Results VR-CBT, but not treatment as usual, resulted in reduced levels of paranoia and negative affect. At pre-intervention networks depicting the dynamic interplay between mental states over time had limited significant connections, with most stable connections being auto-relations. I.e., paranoia was best predicted by paranoia at the previous moment. The dynamic interplay between affective states did not change over time after VR-CBT. Discussion We found that VR-CBT specifically targets paranoia and there are indications that VR-CBT had an enduring effect on negative emotions. These beneficial treatment effects do not seem to transfer to positive affective states. Unexpectedly, we did not find evidence that negative mental states such as feeling down or lonely triggered paranoia in the next moment even at pre-intervention, and these temporal relations between mental states did not change over time in response to treatment.

scholarly journals A View of Waste Might Decrease Relaxation: The Effects of Viewing an Open Dump in a Forest Environment on the Psychological Response of Healthy Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Bielinis ◽  
Emilia Janeczko ◽  
Norimasa Takayama ◽  
Anna Zawadzka ◽  
Alicja Słupska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Forest Recreation ◽  
Psychological Indicators ◽  
Outdoor Experience ◽  
The Impact

Forest recreation can be successfully used for the psychological relaxation of respondents and can be used as a remedy for common problems with stress. The special form of forest recreation intended for restoration is forest bathing. These activities might be distracted by some factors, such as viewing buildings in the forest or using a computer in nature, which interrupt psychological relaxation. One factor that might interrupt psychological relaxation is the occurrence of an open dump in the forest during an outdoor experience. To test the hypothesis that an open dump might decrease psychological relaxation, a case study was planned that used a randomized, controlled crossover design. For this purpose, two groups of healthy young adults viewed a control forest or a forest with an open dump in reverse order and filled in psychological questionnaires after each stimulus. A pretest was used. Participants wore oblique eye patches to stop their visual stimulation before the experimental stimulation, and the physical environment was monitored. The results were analyzed using the two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The measured negative psychological indicators significantly increased after viewing the forest with waste, and the five indicators of the Profile of Mood States increased: Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, Anger-Hostility, Fatigue, and Confusion. In addition, the negative aspect of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule increased in comparison to the control and pretest. The measured positive indicators significantly decreased after viewing the forest with waste, the positive aspect of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule decreased, and the Restorative Outcome Scale and Subjective Vitality scores decreased (in comparison to the control and pretest). The occurrence of an open dump in the forest might interrupt a normal restorative experience in the forest by reducing psychological relaxation. Nevertheless, the mechanism of these relevancies is not known, and thus, it will be further investigated. In addition, in a future study, the size of the impact of these open dumps on normal everyday experiences should be investigated. It is proposed that different mechanisms might be responsible for these reactions; however, the aim of this manuscript is to only measure this reaction. The identified psychological reasons for these mechanisms can be assessed in further studies.

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