How are Positive and Negative Peer Relations Related to Positive and Negative Affect in Adolescents Over Time in New Zealand?

2015 ◽  
pp. 275-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Jose
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals A MICROLONGITUDINAL APPROACH TO STUDYING GRANDMOTHER-GRANDCHILD DAILY INTERACTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S281-S282
Author(s):  
Shelbie Turner ◽  
Shannon T Mejia ◽  
Robert S Stawski ◽  
Karen Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Daily Interactions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Research suggests that grandparent-grandchild dyads shift in degree of solidarity over extended periods of time (e.g. Moorman & Stokes, 2016), but no work has considered grandparent-grandchild interactions microlongitudinally. This study utilized microlongitudinal data with an emphasis on intraindividual variability to examine the daily processes associated with relational aspects of grandparenting. Using data from 24 grandmothers in the Personal Understandings of Life and Social Experiences (PULSE) project, we explored how grandmother-reported satisfaction with grandchild interactions impacted grandmothers’ same-day positive and negative affect over 100 days. We first justified the need for microlongitudinal analyses by assessing the degree to which there were within-person shifts in interaction satisfaction over time. Intra-class correlations indicated 86% of the variation in interaction satisfaction was within-persons, warranting an intraindividual variability approach. As such, we then employed multi-level models to examine the within-person and between-person effects of interaction satisfaction predicting same day positive and negative affect. At the within-person level, on days when grandmothers reported higher than their average interaction satisfaction, they reported more positive affect (Estimate = 0.09, SE = 0.03, p = 0.009) and lower negative affect overall that day (Estimate = -0.08, SE = 0.02, p = 0.005). At the between-person level, grandmothers who had, on average, higher interaction satisfaction had more positive affect (Estimate = 0.63, SE = 0.09, p<.0001) and lower negative affect on average (Estimate = -0.53, SE = 0.11, p<.0001).

Augmented Experiences: Investigating the Feasibility of Virtual Reality as Part of a Workplace Wellbeing Intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Naylor ◽  
Ben Morrison ◽  
Brad Ridout ◽  
Andrew Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Exploratory Experiment ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This exploratory experiment tested the effect of two virtual reality (VR) relaxation interventions on measures of physiological arousal and affect, compared to a control. Forty-nine participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, all using the Oculus Rift. Participants wore a heart rate (HR) monitor and completed pre- and post-test surveys, including the positive and negative affect schedule, Likert-type and open feedback questions. Mixed repeated measures ANOVAs revealed significant reductions in HR and affect over time across all conditions, with a significant interaction identified for the breathing condition’s effect on negative affect. Participants were able to identify feeling relaxation, as well as influencing factors. Further, the majority expected, and supported, the introduction of VR interventions in their workplace and/or college, with privacy being a common concern. These results demonstrate the potential of VR augmented relaxation interventions with recommendations for further study provided. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS VR can potentially provide wellbeing interventions with a uniquely immersive quality Results suggest interactive and immersive VR experiences may facilitate relaxation and reduce stress Participants believe there may be substantial benefits to having VR wellbeing interventions at work and college.

scholarly journals Heritability of Intraindividual Mean and Variability of Positive and Negative Affect

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1611-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zheng ◽  
Robert Plomin ◽  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

Positive affect (e.g., attentiveness) and negative affect (e.g., upset) fluctuate over time. We examined genetic influences on interindividual differences in the day-to-day variability of affect (i.e., ups and downs) and in average affect over the duration of a month. Once a day, 17-year-old twins in the United Kingdom ( N = 447) rated their positive and negative affect online. The mean and standard deviation of each individual’s daily ratings across the month were used as the measures of that individual’s average affect and variability of affect. Analyses revealed that the average of negative affect was significantly heritable (.53), but the average of positive affect was not; instead, the latter showed significant shared environmental influences (.42). Fluctuations across the month were significantly heritable for both negative affect (.54) and positive affect (.34). The findings support the two-factor theory of affect, which posits that positive affect is more situational and negative affect is more dispositional.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Ecological Momentary Intervention Modules for Treatment of Depression on Momentary Positive and Negative Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan A. Ornée ◽  
Albertine J. Oldehinkel ◽  
Jojanneke A. Bastiaansen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), comprising repeated self-assessments in daily life, have shown promise as an intervention strategy for depression. Whether the content of such assessments influences affect has hardly received attention. The current study consists of two EMA intervention (EMI) modules, enabling us to compare the impact of EMI content on the course of momentary affect during the intervention. Methods: The intervention, implemented as add-on to regular depression treatment, consists of intensive self-monitoring (5x/day, 28 days) and weekly personalized feedback. Patients with depressive complaints (N = 110; Mage = 32.9, SD = 12.2; 44.5% male) were randomly assigned to one of two treatment modules focusing on activities and positive affect (“Do”) or on thoughts and negative affect (“Think”). Results: Linear mixed models showed no significant (p > .18) differences between the two modules on both positive and negative affect over time. Across modules positive affect showed an initial decreasing trend, leveling off towards the end of the intervention period. Negative affect did not change significantly over time (p > .06). Limitations: Both modules assessed positive and negative affect, enabling a direct comparison but potentially decreasing the impact of their differential focus. Conclusions: In our sample, the focus of the EMI was not associated with differential effects on momentary affect. This implies that a focus on thoughts and negative affect compared to positive affect and activities may not lead to added adverse effects on mood, which is an often-voiced concern when using EMA in both research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Effects of body-oriented yoga: a RCT study for patients with major depressive disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Bieber ◽  
Esra Görgülü ◽  
Daniela Schmidt ◽  
Kirsten Zabel ◽  
Semra Etyemez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Ashtanga Yoga ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses worldwide. Current treatment standards recommend a combined therapy with medication and psychotherapy. As an additive component and to further improvements in treatment, physical activity such as yoga may be integrated into conventional treatment. This study investigates the impact of a 3-month body-oriented yoga in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In total, n = 83 patients were included. An intervention group received a vigorous Ashtanga-Yoga three times a week. The waiting-list control group obtained a treatment as usual (TAU). As a primary outcome depression scores (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)) were tested at three time points. Secondary outcome was the positive and negative affect [Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)] and remission rates. To analyze the data, multilevel models and effect sizes were conducted. The results showed an improvement in BDI-II scores for both groups over time [γ =  −  3.46, t(165) =  − 7.99, p < 0.001] but not between groups [γ = 0.98, t(164) = 1.12, p = 0.263]. An interaction effect (time x group) occurred for MADRS [γ = 2.10, t(164) = 2.10, p < 0.038]. Positive affects improved over time for both groups [γ = 1.65, t(165) = 4.03, p < 0.001]. Negative affects decreased for all over time [γ =  −  1.00, t(165) = − 2.51, p = 0.013]. There were no significant group differences in PANAS. Post hoc tests revealed a greater symptom reduction within the first 6 weeks for all measurements. The effect sizes for depression scores showed a positive trend. Remission rates indicated a significant improvement in the yoga group (BDI-II: 46.81%, MADRS: 17.02%) compared to the control group (BDI: 33.33%, MADRS: 8.33%). The findings suggest that there is a trendsetting additive effect of Ashtanga-Yoga after 3 months on psychopathology and mood with a greater improvement at the beginning of the intervention. Further research in this field can help to achieve more differentiated results.

scholarly journals TRAJECTORIES OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT: A COORDINATED ANALYSIS OF 11 LONGITUDINAL SAMPLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S696-S696
Author(s):  
Emily D Bastarache ◽  
Eileen K Graham ◽  
Ryne Estabrook ◽  
Anthony Ong ◽  
Andrea Piccinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Steady Improvement ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This study assessed age-graded change in positive and negative affect over decades of the lifespan. We conducted a coordinated integrative data analysis (IDA) using data from 11 longitudinal samples, comprising a total of 74076 respondents, spanning the ages of 11 to 106. Positive and negative affect were measured using the CES-D in 8 studies, the PANAS in 3 studies, and the MIDI scale in the MIDUS with three to eleven measurement occasions across studies. To assess and compare the extent and nature of change in affect over time across studies, analyses were coordinated, deploying identical multi-level growth models on each dataset. The curvilinear models suggested PA was best characterized by an inverted U-shaped trajectory, peaking in the mid-to-late 50s, while change in NA was best described by a U-shaped curve, bottoming out in the late 60s. We also found measure-related differences in the proportion of variance in affect attributable to within- or between person differences; The majority of the variability in CES-D-assessed affect was attributable to within-person differences over time, while the variability in PANAS-assessed affect was predominantly attributable to between-person differences. Overall, the results did not support steady improvement of emotional experience over the entire life-course as previous studies have suggested, but show promise for midlife when PA peaks and NA bottoms out. This study demonstrates the value of coordinated conceptual replications, resolving some of the mixed findings in the literature regarding age-graded change in affect and enhancing the current understanding of the longitudinal affect phenomenon.

scholarly journals Differences in the Between–Person and Within–Person Structures of Affect Are A Matter of Degree

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Brose ◽  
Manuel C. Voelkle ◽  
Martin Lövdén ◽  
Ulman Lindenberger ◽  
Florian Schmiedek
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
European Association ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Over Time

This study tested whether the structure of affect observed on the basis of between–person (BP) differences is equivalent to the affect structures that organize the variability of affective states within persons (WP) over time. Further aims were to identify individual differences in the degree of divergence between the WP and BP structure and examine its association to dispositional and contextual variables (neuroticism, extraversion, well–being and stress). In 100 daily sessions, 101 younger adults rated their mood on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Variability of five negative affect items across time was so low that they were excluded from the analyses. We thus worked with a modified negative affect subscale. WP affect structures diverged reliably from the BP structure, with individual differences in the degree of divergence. Differences in the WP structural characteristics and the degree of divergence could be predicted by well–being and stress. We conclude that BP and WP structures of affect are not equivalent and that BP and WP variation should be considered as distinct phenomena. It would be wrong, for example, to conceive of positive and negative affect as independent at the WP level, as suggested by BP findings. Yet, individual differences in WP structural characteristics are related to stable BP differences, and the degree to which individuals’ affect structures diverge from the BP structure can provide important insights into intraindividual functioning. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Ecological Momentary Intervention Modules for Treatment of Depression on Momentary Positive and Negative Affect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Alexander Ornée ◽  
Jojanneke A. Bastiaansen ◽  
Albertine Oldehinkel
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Ecological Momentary Interventions (EMI), comprising repeated self-assessments in daily life, have shown promise as intervention strategy for depression. Whether the content of such assessments influences affect has hardly received attention. The ZELF-i study consists of two EMA intervention (EMI) modules, enabling us to compare the impact of EMI content on the course of momentary affect during the intervention. Methods: ZELF-i is an add-on to depression treatment comprising intensive self-monitoring (5x/day, 28 days) and weekly personalized feedback. Patients with depressive complaints (N = 110; Mean age = 32.9, SD = 12.2; 44.5% male) were randomly assigned to one of two treatment modules focusing on activities and positive affect (“Do”) or on thoughts and negative affect (“Think”). Linear mixed models showed no significant (p &gt; .18) differences between the two modules on both positive and negative affect over time. Across modules positive affect showed an initial decreasing trend, leveling off towards the end of the intervention period. Negative affect did not change significantly over time (p &gt; .06). In our sample, the focus of the EMI did not impact momentary affect beyond any general effect of systematic self-monitoring. This means that a focus on negative affect instead of more general self-monitoring may not lead to added adverse effects on mood, which is an often voiced concern when using EMA in both research and clinical practice.Keywords: Depression, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Affect, Measurement Reactivity, Emotions, Pragmatic Clinical Trial

The Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of Positive and Negative Affect

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Joshanloo ◽  
Ali Bakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Invariance Testing ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Gender Groups

Abstract. This study investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mroczek and Kolarz’s scales of positive and negative affect in Iran (N = 2,391) and the USA (N = 2,154), and across gender groups. The two-factor model of affect was supported across the groups. The results of measurement invariance testing confirmed full metric and partial scalar invariance of the scales across cultural groups, and full metric and full scalar invariance across gender groups. The results of latent mean analysis revealed that Iranians scored lower on positive affect and higher on negative affect than Americans. The analyses also showed that American men scored significantly lower than American women on negative affect. The significance and implications of the results are discussed.

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