Determination of norvancomycin epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus hominis

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Qiwen Yang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Peiyao Jia ◽  
Christian Giske ◽  
Gunnar Kahlmeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

Abstract Objectives To determine the epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) of norvancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus hominis. Methods We collected 1199 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species from five laboratories located in four cities in China. MICs and inhibitory zone diameters of norvancomycin were determined by broth microdilution and the disc diffusion method, separately. ECOFFs of norvancomycin for four species were calculated by ECOFFinder software following EUCAST principles. Methicillin and vancomycin resistance genes (mecA/mecC and vanA/vanB/vanC/vanD/vanE) were screened for by PCR in all isolates. Pearson correlation and χ2 test were used to calculate the correlation of MICs and inhibition zone diameters, and MICs and resistance genes, respectively. Results MICs of norvancomycin for all strains from five laboratories fell in the range of 0.12–2 mg/L. ECOFFs of norvancomycin were determined to be 2 mg/L for S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus and 1 mg/L for S. aureus and S. hominis. A weak correlation was observed between MIC values and zone diameters for S. haemolyticus (r = −0.36) and S. hominis (r = −0.26), while no correlation was found for S. epidermidis and S. aureus. The mecA gene was detected in 63.1% of Staphylococcus, whereas no isolate carried mecC, vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD or vanE. ECOFFs of norvancomycin were not correlated with mecA gene carriage in Staphylococcus species. Conclusions ECOFFs of norvancomycin for four Staphylococcus species were determined, which will be helpful to differentiate WT strains. The correlation of MICs and zone diameters of norvancomycin was weak in Staphylococcus species.

scholarly journals Detección fenotípica de susceptibilidad a meticilina, eritromicina y clindamicina en aislados de Staphylococcus spp. de un hospital de Valledupar (Colombia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Gloria I. Morales-Parra ◽  
María C. Yaneth-Giovanetti ◽  
Andrés B. Zuleta-Hernández ◽  
Marilyn L. Núñez-Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Introducción: las infecciones por Staphylococcus spp. multirresistentes están asociadas con una mayor morbimortalidad de los pacientes afectados. Objetivo: caracterizar fenotipos de resistencia a meticilina, macrólidos y lincosamidas de 50 aislados de Staphylococcus spp. provenientes de pacientes de un centro hospitalario en la ciudad de Valledupar (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: las pruebas de susceptibilidad a meticilina, eritromicina y clindamicina se realizaron por los métodos de microdilución en caldo y difusión en agar. La resistencia a meticilina se tamizó por la técnica de dilución en agar y la resistencia inducible a clindamicina por la prueba D. Resultados: los aislados de Staphylococcus fueron obtenidos principalmente de heridas (58%) y orinas (12%) y en las áreas de consulta externa (40%), cirugía (24%) y urgencias (10%). Staphylococcus aureus se aisló en un 68%, seguido de Staphylococcus epidermidis (14%), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (8%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (4%) y Staphylococcus hominis (2%). La resistencia a meticilina se encontró en el 36% de los aislados de Staphylococcus aureus y el 8% de los estafilococos coagulasa negativos. Se evidenciaron cinco fenotipos de resistencia; el fenotipo con sensibilidad a eritromicina y clindamicina fue el más frecuente (54%), seguido del de resistencia a ambos antibióticos (14%). La resistencia inducible a clindamicina fue del 12%, encontrándose en el 8% de aislados de Staphylococcus aureus y el 4% de los de Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusiones: la prueba D es esencial para detectar el fenotipo de resistencia inducible a clindamicina en aislados de Staphylococcus spp. y evitar su administración frente al inminente fracaso terapéutico.

scholarly journals POLA KEPEKAAN ISOLAT BAKTERI AEROB PADA RHINOSINUSITIS KRONIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Alvin Saputra ◽  
Nur Qamariah ◽  
Noor Muthmainah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus mucosa caused by viruses or bacteria. Needed research on antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria that cause chronic rhinosinusitis targeted antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of some selected antibiotics against bacteria of different causes of chronic rhinosinusitis at the Department of Otolaryngology Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. This is a descriptive study with cross-sectional approach using diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer zone of inhibition was then compared with standard antibiotics against bacterial antibiotic inhibition zone according to CLSI 2016. The sample in this study were all patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who come for treatment to the Department of Otolaryngology Ulin General Hospital and Moch. Ansari Saleh General Hospital Banjarmasin in the period from June to August 2016. Obtained from 12 samples, 6 samples of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis 10 samples, 1 sample Eschirechia coli and 1 sample Bacillus sp. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity to antibiotics cefixime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin and clindamycin 66,6%, and the lowest amoxicillin clavulanate 50%. Staphylococcus epidermis showed the highest sensitivity to the antibiotic cefuroxime and clindamycin 100%, cefixime 50% and the lowest amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefuroxime 25%. Escherichia coli showed the highest sensitivity to the antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefixime 100%, and the lowest cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin 0%. Bacillus sp showed the highest sensitivity to the antibiotic cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin 100% in the lowest 0% for amoxicillin and cefixime. Keywords : chronic rhinosinusitis, sensitivity test, antibiotics Abstrak: Rhinosinusitis kronis adalah peradangan pada mukosa sinus yang disebabkan oleh virus atau bakteri. Perlu adanya penelitian tentang kepekaan antibiotik terhadap kuman penyebab rhinosinusitis kronis agar pemberian antibiotik tepat sasaran. Dengan demikian, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kepekaan beberapa antibiotik terpilih terhadap kuman penyabab rhinosinusitis kronis di Bagian THT RSUD Ulin dan RSUD Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan metode difusi Kirby-Bauer kemudian dibandingkan zona hambat antibiotik terhadap bakteri dengan standar zona hambat antibiotik menurut CLSI 2016. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien rhinosinusitis kronis yang datang berobat ke Bagian THT RSUD Ulin dan RSUD Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin pada periode Juni - Agustus 2016. Dari 12 sampel didapatkan, 6 sampel Staphylococcus aureus, 4 sampel Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 sampel Eschirechia coli dan 1 sampel Bacillus sp. Staphylococcus aureus menujukkan kepekaan tertinggi terhadap antibiotik sefiksim, sefuroksim, siprofloksasim, dan klindamisin sebesar 66,6% serta yang terendah yakni amoksisilin klavulanat sebesar 50%. Staphylococcus epidermidis menujukkan kepekaan tertinggi terhadap antibiotik sefuroksim dan klindamisin sebesar 100%, sefiksim 50% serta yang terendah amoksisilin klavulanat dan sefuroksim sebesar 25%. Eschirechia coli menunjukkan kepekaan tertinggi terhadap antibiotik amoksisilin klavulanat dan sefiksim 100% serta terendah sefuroksim, siprofloksasim dan klindamisin 0%. Bacillus sp menunjukkan kepekaan tertinggi terhadap antibiotik sefuroksim, siprofloksasim, dan klindamisin sebesar 100% serta terendah amoksisilin klavulanat dan sefiksim 0%. Kata-kata kunci : rhinosinusitis kronis, uji kepekaan, antibiotic

Antimicrobial Activity of Newly Formulated Propolis Cream

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 545-547
Author(s):  
P. Puttamayutanon ◽  
W. Trongarom ◽  
N. Janta ◽  
S. Ruengsiri ◽  
S. Kamjaisai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activities present in newly formulated propolis cream and compare them with an organic solvent extract of propolis. The antimicrobial activities were examined using the agar well diffusion method and measuring the growth inhibition zone. The skin pathogen gram-positive organisms used were Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Staphylococcus aureus. The propolis cream and extracts showed satisfactory inhibitory effects on the microbial growth.

scholarly journals Diversity of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Structures in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus Strains among Outpatients from Four Countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Ruppé ◽  
François Barbier ◽  
Yasmine Mesli ◽  
Aminata Maiga ◽  
Radu Cojocaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Staphylococcus Cohnii ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Type V ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT In staphylococci, methicillin (meticillin) resistance (MR) is mediated by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is carried on the size and composition variable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MR has been extensively studied in Staphylococcus aureus, but little is known about MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). Here, we describe the diversity of SCCmec structures in MR-CoNS from outpatients living in countries with contrasting environments: Algeria, Mali, Moldova, and Cambodia. Their MR-CoNS nasal carriage rates were 29, 17, 11, and 31%, respectively. Ninety-six MR-CoNS strains, comprising 75 (78%) Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, 19 (20%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains, 1 (1%) Staphylococcus hominis strain, and 1 (1%) Staphylococcus cohnii strain, were analyzed. Eighteen different SCCmec types were observed, with 28 identified as type IV (29%), 25 as type V (26%), and 1 as type III (1%). Fifteen strains (44%) were untypeable for their SCCmec. Thirty-four percent of MR-CoNS strains contained multiple ccr copies. Type IV and V SCCmec were preferentially associated with S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus, respectively. MR-CoNS constitute a widespread and highly diversified MR reservoir in the community.

scholarly journals Emergence of Staphylococcus hominis Strains in General Infections

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Voineagu ◽  
Victoria Braga ◽  
Mihaela Botnarciuc ◽  
Adina Barbu ◽  
Mirela Tataru
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Abstract A retrospective analysis of microbiology data from general infections was performed. From 105 isolates strains of Staphylococcus spp. 36 (34,28%) were Staphylococcus epidermidis, 33 (31,42%) Staphylococcus aureus, 21 (20%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and 15 (14,28%) were Staphylococcus hominis. Results: S. hominis isolates were predominantly resistant to betalactamins (93,33 %) and even Imidazole (60 %). 53,33 % of strains were resistent to aminosides and 33,33 % to Ciprofloxacin. All strains (100%) were sensitive to Vancomycin, but also all were susceptibile to Quinupristin-Dalfopristin. A high percentage of S. hominis were sensitive to Moxifloxacin, Linezolid (93,33 %), and to teicoplanin (86,67%). Discussion: S. hominis is a member of skin normal flora, but all strains of S. hominis were isolated from generalized infection with a high rate of mortality.

Antibacterial Activity Test of Various Fraction of Lick leaves (Villebrunea rubescens) against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacterial

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Dewi Pratiwi ◽  
Rani Dewi Pratiwi ◽  
Rani Dewi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Lick leaves (Villebrunea rubescens) are one of the medicinal plants from the Urticaceae family. In Papua, we called it Daun jilat, which is used empirically by the community to treat contusion or bruises in the Serui area, Yapen Island Regency, Papua, Indonesia. Based on the result of the phytochemical screening, V. rubescens contained Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Quinones, and Flavonoids. In previous research on an extract of Lick leaves, it was found that the antibacterial activities within inhibition zone have value of 8.7 mm (125 ?g/mL). This research aims to find out the antibacterial activities of the various fraction of Lick leaves in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial and to find out the most effective concentration of the various fraction of Lick leaves. The method used in this research was disc diffusion method and the solution used was ethanol-water, ethyl acetate, and N-hexane with the variable concentration used was 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000ppm. The result showed that Lick leaves fraction of ethanol-water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane had an inhibition zone against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, while the n-hexane and ethyl acetate had an inhibition zone against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. However, for the ethyl-acetate, the inhibition zone was categorized as weak. The concentration of Lick leaves which effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria was ethanol-water fraction with an inhibition zone of 7.78 mm against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria and ethanol-water fraction with an inhibition zone of 3.89 mm against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Assay From Sintrong Leaf Crassocephalum crepidiodies Against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Siti Maimunah ◽  
Harji Anggia Pratama ◽  
Ulfayani Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Water Fraction

Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidioides) is Asteraceae's family plant. In Medan in addition used as a vegetable, sintrong leaves also be used as traditional medicine; among them to cope with stomach disorders, headache, and ulcer scars. The purpose of this research was spesification about characteristic, determination of chemical compounds group and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n-heksana fraction, ethylacetate fraction and water fraction of sintrong leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. The sample used was sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidioides) taken from Mupakat Jadi Village, Sub-District Bukit, districts Bener Meriah. This research purposive stages, namely materials plant, identification, preparation and characterization simplisia, determination the class of chemical compounds of simplex, preparation extract and antibacterial activity tested. Test of antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method used paper disc. Parameters measured were inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibacterial activity test results shows are effectivity, with a concentration of 2,5 mg/ml provides inhibition area diameter (9,5 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, a concentration of 5 mg/ml provides inhibition area diameter (10,7 mm) to Staphylococcus aureus, a concentration of 7,5 mg/ml provides inhibition area diameter (10,9 mm) to Staphylococcus aureus, and a concentration 10 mg/ml provides inhibition area diameter (11,5 mm) to Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Pola Kuman dan Uji Kepekaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Unit Perawatan Intensif Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Koja, Jakarta

Sari Pediatri ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Riza Mansyoer ◽  
Ivan R. Widjaja
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

Latar belakang. Pasien di unit perawatan intensif (UPI) anak (pediatric intensive care unit/PICU) merupakan pasien dengan penyakit kritis sehingga sebagian besar pasien menggunakan antibiotik. Profil resistensi bakteri akan membantu untuk pemilihan terapi empirik yang akan digunakan pada suatu unit.Tujuan. Untuk mendapatkan profil bakteri di PICU RSUD Koja berdasarkan hasil kultur, Metode. Hasil kultur yang dilakukan pada seluruh pasien yang masuk ke PICU pada periode Mei 2015 – April 2016 pada hari kerja pertama dikumpulkan dari departemen patologi klinik RSUD KojaHasil. Didapatkan 486 hasil kultur, 410 di antaranya tidak menunjukkan pertumbuhan kuman. Hasil positif terdapat pada 64 bakteri Gram-positif dan 12 Gram-negatif. Bakteri Gram positif terbanyak ditemukan adalah Staphylococcus hominis (19), Staphylococcus epidermidis (18), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (13), dan Staphylococcus aureus (9). Sementara itu, bakteri Gram negatif terbanyak ditemukan adalah Salmomella typhi (6) dan Acinetobacter baumanii (2). Pada kelompok bakteri Gram positif, antibiotik yang paling sensitif adalah vancomisin (95,2%), gentamisin (68,3%), cotrimoxazole (44,4%), cefotaxime (31,7%), dan ceftriaxone (31,7%). Pada kelompok bakteri Gram negatif, antibiotik yang paling sensitif adalah meropenem (84,6%), cotrimoxazole (84,6%), amikasin (61,5%), gentamisin (53,8%), and cefepime (46,2%).Kesimpulan. Vankomisin merupakan antibiotik yang paling poten untuk digunakan. Cefotaxime dan gentamicin kami pilih untuk digunakan sebagai antibiotik empirik di unit kami, dengan meropenem sebagai lini berikutnya. Vankomisin kami gunakan hanya pada kasus khusus.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF EXTRACT ETHANOL OF JACKFRUIT LEAVES (Artocarpus heterophyllus. Lamk.) OF BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Kasta Gurning ◽  
Dameria Siahaan ◽  
Iksen Iksen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus

Jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) have health benefits as an antimicrobial. The leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins which act as antimicrobials. The purpose of this study was to study the potential antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) On the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Salmonella typhi. This research conducted with an experimental method that included the collection and processing of samples, the examination of the simplicia characterization and phytochemical screening. The concentration of jackfruit leaf ethanol extract. Used was at a concentration of 500 mg mL, 400 mg/mL, 300 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL , 25 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL 30 mg/ml chloramphenicol and blanks. Using the disk diffusion method to measure the clear zone against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Salmonella typhi. Antimicrobial inhibition of ethanol extract of jackfruit leaves against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a concentration of 500 mg/mL has a strong antibacterial inhibition with a diameter of 10.8 mm. The bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Salmonella typhi at a concentration of 500 mg/mL have inhibitory power, 9.2 mm, 9.6 mm, and 8.8 mm in the medium category. Positive control chloramphenicol has powerful antibacterial inhibition with an inhibition zone diameter of 28.6 mm.

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