scholarly journals Strain Typing and the Ecological Structure of Escherichia coli

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 974-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Strain Typing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
The Many ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Escherichia coli is a commonly encountered commensal of the lower intestinal tract of humans and other mammals. Strains of the species are responsible for a significant amount of human morbidity and mortality each year. Consequently, numerous efforts attempt to track the movement of hospital-acquired infections, determine the source of a foodborne disease outbreak, or investigate the seasonal patterns of pathogen abundance in domestic animals. All of these endeavors require that the isolates acquired be differentiated from each other in some manner. This review briefly describes some of the commonly used molecular typing methods for E. coli. However, the main aim of the review is to describe the many levels, from the species to individual strains, at which E. coli can be considered, and to contend that a hierarchical approach to strain typing may often reveal patterns that are not obvious when a typing scheme is simply designed to differentiate isolates.

Coinfection with Human Norovirus and Escherichia coli O25:H4 Harboring Two Chromosomal blaCTX-M-14 Genes in a Foodborne Norovirus Outbreak in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1584-1591
Author(s):  
HIROMI NAGAOKA ◽  
SHINICHIRO HIRAI ◽  
HIROTAKA MORINUSHI ◽  
SHIRO MIZUMOTO ◽  
KANA SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
M 14

ABSTRACT Hospital-acquired infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli are a global problem. Healthy people can carry ESBL-producing E. coli in the intestines; thus, E. coli from healthy people can potentially cause hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, the transmission routes of ESBL-producing E. coli from healthy persons should be determined. A foodborne outbreak of human norovirus (HuNoV) GII occurred at a restaurant in Shizuoka, Japan, in 2018. E. coli O25:H4 was isolated from some of the HuNoV-infected customers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that these E. coli O25:H4 strains originated from one clone. Because the only epidemiological link among the customers was eating food from this restaurant, the customers were concurrently infected with E. coli O25:H4 and HuNoV GII via the restaurant food. Whole genome analysis revealed that the E. coli O25:H4 strains possessed genes for regulating intracellular iron and expressing the flagellum and flagella. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli often express these genes on the chromosome. Additionally, the E. coli O25:H4 strains had plasmids harboring nine antimicrobial resistance genes. These strains harbored ESBL-encoding blaCTX-M-14 genes on two loci of the chromosome and had higher ESBL activity. Multilocus sequence typing and fimH subtyping revealed that the E. coli O25:H4 strains from the outbreak belonged to the subclonal group, ST131-fimH30R, which has been driving ESBL epidemics in Japan. Because the E. coli O25:H4 strains isolated in the outbreak belonged to a subclonal group spreading in Japan, foods contaminated with ESBL-producing E. coli might contribute to spreading these strains among healthy persons. The isolated E. coli O25:H4 strains produced ESBL and contained plasmids with multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, which may make it difficult to select antimicrobials for treating extraintestinal infections caused by these strains. HIGHLIGHTS

Isolation of post operative hospital acquired infections in a private hospital of Bangladesh and identification of clonal relatedness of E. coli by using Pulse filed gel electrophoresis

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Mohammad Murshed ◽  
Sabeena Shahnaz ◽  
Md. Abdul Malek
Keyword(s):  
Private Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Clonal Relatedness ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Dressing Materials

Isolation and identification of post operative hospital acquired infection was carried out from July 2008 to December 2008 in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital (private hospital). The major pathogen of wound infection was E. coli. A total; of 120 samples were collected from the surrounding environment of post operative room like floor, bed sheets, instruments, dressing materials, catheter, nasogastric and endotracheal tube. E. coli (40%) was the predominant organism followed by S. aureus (24%). DNA fingerprinting analysis using pulsed field gel electreopheresis of XbaI restriction digested genomic DNA showed that clonal relatedness between the two clinical nd environmental isolates were 100%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i2.19369 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(02): 7-10

Effect of Escherichia Coli Infection on Metabolism of Dietary Protein in Intestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 772-776
Author(s):  
Xiao-Pei Peng ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Jian-Min Ma ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

Dietary proteins are linked to the pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) through the intestinal tract, which is the site where both dietary proteins are metabolized and pathogenic E. coli strains play a pathogenic role. Dietary proteins are degraded by enzymes in the intestine lumen and their metabolites are transferred into enterocytes to be further metabolized. Seven diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes have been identified, and they damage the intestinal epithelium through physical injury and effector proteins, which lead to inhibit the digestibility and absorption of dietary proteins in the intestine tract. But the increased tryptophan (Trp) content in the feed, low-protein diet or milk fractions supplementation is effective in preventing and controlling infections by pathogenic E. coli in the intestine.

Ability ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 isolates to colonize the intestinal tract of conventional adult CD1 mice is transient

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wayne Conlan ◽  
Sonia L Bardy ◽  
Rhonda KuoLee ◽  
Ann Webb ◽  
Malcolm B Perry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
A Current

In an attempt to improve upon a current mouse model of intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7 used in this laboratory for vaccine development, nine clinical isolates of the pathogen were screened for their ability to persist in the intestinal tract of conventional adult CD-1 mice. None of the test isolates of E. coli O157:H7 were capable of colonizing these mice for a period of more than two weeks. Most of the isolates appeared to be benign for the experimental host, but one isolate was lethal. This virulence correlated with the ability of the latter isolate to produce large quantities of Shiga-like toxin 2 in vitro.

scholarly journals Magnesium Sensing Regulates Intestinal Colonization of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutao Liu ◽  
Runhua Han ◽  
Junyue Wang ◽  
Pan Yang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Regulatory Pathway ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Enterocyte Effacement

ABSTRACT The large intestinal pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 detects host cues to regulate virulence gene expression during colonization and infection. However, virulence regulatory mechanisms of EHEC O157:H7 in the human large intestine are not fully understood. Herein, we identified a virulence-regulating pathway where the PhoQ/PhoP two-component regulatory system senses low magnesium levels and signals to the O island 119-encoded Z4267 (LmiA; low magnesium-induced regulator A), directly activating loci of enterocyte effacement genes to promote EHEC O157:H7 adherence in the large intestine. Disruption of this pathway significantly decreased EHEC O157:H7 adherence in the mouse intestinal tract. Moreover, feeding mice a magnesium-rich diet significantly reduced EHEC O157:H7 adherence in vivo. This LmiA-mediated virulence regulatory pathway is also conserved among several EHEC and enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes; therefore, our findings support the use of magnesium as a dietary supplement and provide greater insights into the dietary cues that can prevent enteric infections. IMPORTANCE Sensing specific gut metabolites is an important strategy for inducing crucial virulence programs by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 during colonization and infection. Here, we identified a virulence-regulating pathway wherein the PhoQ/PhoP two-component regulatory system signals to the O island 119-encoded low magnesium-induced regulator A (LmiA), which, in turn, activates locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes to promote EHEC O157:H7 adherence in the low-magnesium conditions of the large intestine. This regulatory pathway is widely present in a range of EHEC and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) serotypes. Disruption of this pathway significantly decreased EHEC O157:H7 adherence in the mouse intestinal tract. Moreover, mice fed a magnesium-rich diet showed significantly reduced EHEC O157:H7 adherence in vivo, indicating that magnesium may help in preventing EHEC and EPEC infection in humans.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli from Various Clinical Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S13820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Mohammad Rashid Ali ◽  
Yogesh Chander
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli has tremendously increased worldwide and it is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality associated with hospital-acquired infections. This could be attributed to association of multi drug resistance in ESBL producing isolates. The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity profile of ESBL producing E. coli isolates from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods Clinical samples, which consist of pus, urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), stool, sputum, swabs, and different body fluids, are included in the study. Samples were processed and identified as per routine laboratory protocol. ESBL screening and confirmation along with antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results Out of 180 third generation cephalosporins resistant E. coli, 100 (55.55%) isolates were ESBL producers showing a greater degree of resistance to antibiotics. Conclusion The prevalence of ESBL is increasing day by day in nearly every center of different countries and necessary steps to prevent the spread and emergence of resistance should be taken.

scholarly journals Molecular typing methods to investigate transmission of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 from cattle to humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. LOUIE ◽  
S. READ ◽  
L. LOUIE ◽  
K. ZIEBELL ◽  
K. RAHN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Direct Transmission ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pfge Typing ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Typing Methods

The utility of phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and plasmid profile analysis was compared, to differentiate between Canadian Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 strains of human (n = 27) and cattle (n = 24) origin. The diversity indices for phage typing, plasmid analysis and PFGE were 0·85, 0·69 and 0·93, respectively. PFGE and phage typing were also applied to study the role of direct transmission of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 from cattle to humans on isolates collected from two separate farm outbreaks. PFGE showed that more than one E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 strain with varying PFGE DNA subtype profiles, may be responsible for an outbreak, and that more than one E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 subtype may be circulating on a particular farm at any one time. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports where PFGE typing was used to verify the direct transmission of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 from cattle to humans.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility of intra-abdominal infection isolates from Indian hospitals during 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Hawser ◽  
Robert E. Badal ◽  
Samuel K. Bouchillon ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Abdominal Infection ◽  
Intra Abdominal Infection ◽  
Abdominal Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Very High

A total of 542 clinical isolates of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli from intra-abdominal infections were collected during 2008 from seven hospitals in India participating in the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). Isolates were from various infection sources, the most common being gall bladder (30.1 %) and peritoneal fluid (31.5 %), and were mostly hospital-associated isolates (70.8 %) as compared to community-acquired (26.9 %). The most frequently isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (62.7 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.3 %). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) rates in E. coli and K. pneumoniae were very high, at 67 % and 55 %, respectively. Most isolates exhibited resistance to one or more antibiotics. The most active drugs were generally ertapenem, imipenem and amikacin. However, hospital-acquired isolates in general, as well as ESBL-positive isolates, exhibited lower susceptibilities than community-acquired isolates. Further surveillance monitoring of intra-abdominal isolates from India is recommended.

Parenteral immunization with a glycoconjugate vaccine containing the O157 antigen of Escherichia coli O157:H7 elicits a systemic humoral immune response in mice, but fails to prevent colonization by the pathogen

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
J Wayne Conlan ◽  
Andrew D Cox ◽  
Rhonda KuoLee ◽  
Ann Webb ◽  
Malcolm B Perry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Parenteral Immunization ◽  
Glycoconjugate Vaccine

The results of the present study show that whereas both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice parenterally inoculated with a horse serum albumin - Escherichia coli O157 antigen conjugate vaccine develop systemic, specific antibodies to the carrier protein, only the former mice routinely develop antibodies to the carbohydrate O157 moiety. However, little convincing evidence was found to show that these antibodies transuded into the intestinal tract either naturally or in response to an oral inoculum of the pathogen. Moreover, this vaccination procedure failed to protect mice against intestinal colonization following oral challenge with the pathogen. Thus, the results of this study suggest that parenteral vaccination might be an unsuitable strategy for combatting E. coli O157:H7 organisms located in the gut.Key words: Escherichia coli, glycoconjugate vaccine, mice.

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