scholarly journals PSIII-40 Dietary effects on food intake, body weight, body composition and metabolism of adult female cats after spay surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
Eiji Iwazaki ◽  
Anne H Lee ◽  
Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽  
Helen Valentine ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Spay and neuter surgeries are common procedures to control the pet population, but have been associated with increased risk for obesity due to changes in appetite, decreased metabolic rate, and decreased energy expenditure. Dietary management post-spay could help decrease obesity risk, but few research studies have been conducted on cats following spay surgery. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high-protein, high-fiber diet (HPHF) vs. a moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diet (MPMF) in female cats following spay surgery. Twenty healthy female cats (9.5±0.1 months old) were used. After a 5-wk baseline phase with cats fed MPMF to maintain BW, 16 cats were spayed and randomly allotted to MPMF (n = 8) or HPHF (n = 8), with the remaining cats being sham-operated and fed MPMF (n = 4). Cats were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk, then fed up to twice that amount during the subsequent 12 wk of study. Daily food intake, twice weekly BW and twice weekly BCS were assessed. Body composition using DEXA, serum metabolite concentrations, and voluntary physical activity levels were measured prior to spay (wk 0) and every 6 wk post-spay. A treatment*time effect was observed for food intake (g/d), but not caloric intake (kcal ME/d). Caloric intake was affected by time and treatment effects, being reduced over the first 12 wk and reduced at higher amounts in HPHF and MPMF cats vs. sham cats. BW, BCS and body fat percentage were affected over time. A treatment*time effect was observed for blood urea nitrogen, ALP, and fructosamine, while blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, total protein, phosphorus, and bicarbonate were affected by time. Physical activity was also reduced over time. Our results demonstrate that spay surgery affects food intake, BW, metabolism, and physical activity in cats. Dietary intervention in this study, however, led to minor changes.

scholarly journals Effects of diet on body weight, body composition, metabolic status, and physical activity levels of adult female dogs after spay surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽  
Helen Valentine ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
Blood Hormones

Abstract Neutering is a risk factor for pet obesity, which reduces the quality and length of life. Dietary interventions may serve as preventive and therapeutic options for pet obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of specially formulated diets on body weight (BW), body composition, and blood hormones and metabolites of adult female dogs after spay surgery. All procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. Twenty-eight healthy adult intact female Beagles (3.02 ± 0.7 yr; 10.28 ± 0.8 kg; body condition score [BCS]: 4.98 ± 0.57) were used in a longitudinal study. Twenty-four dogs were spayed and randomly allotted to one of three experimental diets: 1) moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diet (control; COSP), 2) high-protein, high-fiber diet (HP-HF), or 3) high-protein, high-fiber diet plus omega-3 and medium-chain fatty acids (HP-HF-O). Four dogs were sham-operated and fed the control diet (COSH). Food intake, BW, BCS, blood hormones and metabolites, body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans), and voluntary physical activity (via Actical devices) were measured over time. After spay, dogs were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk (restricted phase), then allowed to overeat for 12 wk (ad libitum phase). Change from baseline data was analyzed for treatment, time, and treatment × time effects as well as treatment, feeding regimen, and treatment × feeding regimen effects. During the first 12 wk, HP-HF and HP-HF-O had lower (P < 0.01) blood cholesterol than COSH and COSP. During the second 12 wk, HP-HF and HP-HF-O ate more (P < 0.01) food (g/d) than COSH. BCS change for COSP was greater (P < 0.01) than COSH from week 21 to 24, but HP-HF and HP-HF-O were not different. When comparing data by feeding regimen, HP-HF and HP-HF-O had a greater reduction in serum cholesterol (P < 0.001) than COSH and COSP. During the second 12 wk, all spayed dogs consumed more (P < 0.01) food than COSH. However, COSH, HP-HF, and HP-HF-O had a lower (P < 0.001) increase in BCS than COSP. HP-HF-O and COSH had similar serum leptin during weeks 12 to 24. COSP had higher (P ≤ 0.01) serum C-reactive protein than HP-HF-O. Overall, body fat increase in COSP was greater (P < 0.05) than for COSH at week 24, while HP-HF and HP-HF-O were intermediate. Our results indicate that an HP-HF diet can limit weight gain and body fat increase and attenuate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and leptin concentrations in dogs after spay surgery.

scholarly journals PSXI-33 Effects of weight loss and feeding a high-protein, high-fiber diet on blood metabolite profiles, body composition and voluntary physical activity in overweight dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽  
Sara E Belchik ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Canine obesity can be managed by dietary energy restriction using a specifically formulated weight loss diet. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of weight loss on body composition, voluntary physical activity, and blood metabolites of overweight dogs while being fed a high-protein, high-fiber diet. All procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. Twelve overweight adult spayed female dogs (BW: 15.3±2.1 kg, BCS: 8.1±0.6) were fed a high-protein (CP: 42.0% DMB), high-fiber (TDF: 22.0% DMB) diet during a 5-wk baseline phase (wk 0) to identify food intake needed to maintain BW. A 24-wk weight loss phase followed. After wk 0, food was initially provided at 80% the amount needed to maintain BW and then adjusted weekly with a goal of 1.5–2% weight loss per wk. Data were analyzed statistically overtime using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW (P < 0.0001), with 1.4±0.7% weight loss per wk. BCS decreased by 2.8 units (P < 0.0001). During weight loss, dogs consumed an average of 457.5±61.4 kcal/d, with energy intake being reduced by a total of 43.8% by wk 24 compared to baseline. Lean muscle mass, fat mass, and fat percentage were reduced (P < 0.0001) by 1.3 kg, 3.1 kg, and 11.7% respectively. Serum triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, white blood cell counts, and neutrophils were decreased (P < 0.0001), but serum bilirubin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were increased (P < 0.01) over time. Average daily physical activity changed over time, but was not greatly different due to weight loss. Our results suggest that a high-protein, high-fiber diet promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean muscle mass loss, and reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations in overweight dogs. Therefore, it is a suitable nutritional solution for weight loss programs in dogs.

scholarly journals Uremic Sarcopenia and Its Possible Nutritional Approach

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
Giulia Marrone ◽  
Eleonora Ottaviani ◽  
Cristina Guerriero ◽  
Francesca Di Daniele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition

Uremic sarcopenia is a frequent condition present in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and is characterized by reduced muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Uremic sarcopenia is related to an increased risk of hospitalization and all-causes mortality. This pathological condition is caused not only by advanced age but also by others factors typical of CKD patients such as metabolic acidosis, hemodialysis therapy, low-grade inflammatory status and inadequate protein-energy intake. Currently, treatments available to ameliorate uremic sarcopenia include nutritional therapy (oral nutritional supplement, inter/intradialytic parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, high protein and fiber diet and percutaneous endoscopic gastrectomy) and a personalized program of physical activity. The aim of this review is to analyze the possible benefits induced by nutritional therapy alone or in combination with a personalized program of physical activity, on onset and/or progression of uremic sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Circulating Irisin in Healthy, Young Individuals: Day-Night Rhythm, Effects of Food Intake and Exercise, and Associations With Gender, Physical Activity, Diet, and Body Composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 3247-3255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios D. Anastasilakis ◽  
Stergios A. Polyzos ◽  
Zacharias G. Saridakis ◽  
Georgios Kynigopoulos ◽  
Elpida C. Skouvaklidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake

Weight Loss and High-Protein, High-Fiber Diet Consumption Impact Blood Metabolite Profiles, Body Composition, Voluntary Physical Activity, Fecal Microbiota, and Fecal Metabolites of Adult Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽  
Anne H Lee ◽  
Sara E Belchik ◽  
Jan S Suchodolski ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Canine obesity is associated with reduced lifespan and metabolic dysfunction, but can be managed by dietary intervention. This study aimed to determine the effects of restricted feeding of a high-protein, high-fiber (HPHF) diet and weight loss on body composition, physical activity, blood metabolites, and fecal microbiota and metabolites of overweight dogs. Twelve spayed female dogs [age: 5.5±1.1 yr; body weight (BW): 14.8±2.0 kg, body condition score (BCS): 7.9±0.8] were fed a HPHF diet during a 4-wk baseline phase to maintain BW. After baseline (wk 0), dogs were first fed 80% of baseline intake and then adjusted to target 1.5% weekly weight loss for 24 wk. Body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood samples (wk 0, 6, 12, 18, 24), voluntary physical activity (wk 0, 7, 15, 23), and fresh fecal samples for microbiota and metabolite analysis (wk 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24) were measured over time. Microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME 2. All data were analyzed statistically over time using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW and had 1.43±0.73% weight loss per wk. BCS decreased (P<0.0001) by 2.7 units, fat mass decreased (P<0.0001) by 3.1 kg, and fat percentage decreased (P<0.0001) by 3.1 kg and 11.7% with weight loss. Many serum metabolites and hormones were altered, with triglycerides, leptin, insulin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 decreasing (P<0.05) with weight loss. Relative abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, undefined Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Negativivibacillus, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, uncultured Erysipelotrichaceae, and Parasutterella increased (P<0.05), whereas Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group, Catenibacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Fusobacterium, Holdemanella, Lachnoclostridium, Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Peptoclostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus group, and Streptococcus decreased (P<0.01) with weight loss. Despite the number of significant changes, a state of dysbiosis was not observed in overweight dogs. Fecal ammonia and secondary bile acids decreased, while fecal valerate increased with weight loss. Several correlations between gut microbial taxa and biological parameters were observed. Our results suggest that restricted feeding of a HPHF diet and weight loss promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean mass loss, reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations, and modulates fecal microbiota phylogeny and activity in overweight dogs.

scholarly journals Early Morning Food Intake as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Dysregulation

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Ellen R. Stothard ◽  
Hannah K. Ritchie ◽  
Brian R. Birks ◽  
Robert H. Eckel ◽  
Janine Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Increased risk of obesity and diabetes in shift workers may be related to food intake at adverse circadian times. Early morning shiftwork represents the largest proportion of shift workers in the United States, yet little is known about the impact of food intake in the early morning on metabolism. Eighteen participants (9 female) completed a counterbalanced 16 day design with two conditions separated by ~1 week: 8 h sleep opportunity at habitual time and simulated early morning shiftwork with 6.5 h sleep opportunity starting ~1 h earlier than habitual time. After wake time, resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured and blood was sampled for melatonin and fasting glucose and insulin. Following breakfast, post-prandial blood samples were collected every 40 min for 2 h and the thermic effect of food (TEF) was assessed for 3.25 h. Total sleep time was decreased by ~85 min (p < 0.0001), melatonin levels were higher (p < 0.0001) and post-prandial glucose levels were higher (p < 0.05) after one day of simulated early morning shiftwork compared with habitual wake time. REE was lower after simulated early morning shiftwork; however, TEF after breakfast was similar to habitual wake time. Insufficient sleep and caloric intake during a circadian phase of high melatonin levels may contribute to metabolic dysregulation in early morning shift workers.

scholarly journals Individual differences in physical activity are closely associated with changes in body weight in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (3) ◽  
pp. R633-R642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor L. Sullivan ◽  
Frank H. Koegler ◽  
Judy L. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Low Activity

The increased prevalence of overweight adults has serious health consequences. Epidemiological studies suggest an association between low activity and being overweight; however, few studies have objectively measured activity during a period of weight gain, so it is unknown whether low activity is a cause or consequence of being overweight. To determine whether individual differences in adult weight gain are linked to an individual’s activity level, we measured activity, via accelerometry, over a prolonged period (9 mo) in 18 adult female rhesus monkeys. Weight, food intake, metabolic rate, and activity were first monitored over a 3-mo period. During this period, there was mild but significant weight gain (5.5 ± 0.88%; t =−6.3, df = 17, P < 0.0001), whereas caloric intake and activity remained stable. Metabolic rate increased, as expected, with weight gain. Activity level correlated with weight gain ( r = −0.52, P = 0.04), and the most active monkeys gained less weight than the least active monkeys ( t = −2.74, df = 8, P = 0.03). Moreover, there was an eightfold difference in activity between the most and least active monkeys, and initial activity of each monkey was highly correlated with their activity after 9 mo ( r = 0.85, P < 0.0001). In contrast, food intake did not correlate with weight gain, and there was no difference in weight gain between monkeys with the highest vs. lowest caloric intake, total metabolic rate, or basal metabolic rate. We conclude that physical activity is a particularly important factor contributing to weight change in adulthood and that there are large, but stable, differences in physical activity among individuals.

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