PSIX-29 JAK2-STAT3 Pathway Mediated Satellite Cell Apoptosis to Govern Skeletal Muscle Growth with Lysine

Abstract Apoptosis is programmed cell death that can be stimulated by external stress or nutrition restrictions. Lysine (Lys) is an essential amino acid for pig growth, and the relationship between Lys deficiency caused apoptosis and inhibition of skeletal muscle growth remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether apoptosis could be regulated by Lys supplementation and the potential mechanism. In current work, 30 male Duroc × Landrace × Large weaned piglets were divided randomly into 3 groups: control group (Lys 1.30%), Lys deficiency group (Lys 0.86%), and Lys rescue group (Lys 0.86%, 0-14d; 1.30%,15–28 d). The experiment lasted for 28 days, and on the morning of 29 d, piglets were slaughtered to collect samples. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomics analysis of the longissimus dorsi muscle showed that Janus family tyrosine kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway was involved in Lys deficiency-induced apoptosis and inhibited skeletal muscle growth. Meanwhile, western blotting results of the longissimus dorsi muscle demonstrated that Lys deficiency caused apoptosis (P < 0.05) with the JAK2-STAT3 pathway inhibition (P < 0.05). Interestingly, apoptosis was suppressed (P < 0.05), and the JAK2-STAT3 pathway was reactivated (P < 0.05) after Lys re-supplementation in longissimus dorsi muscle. In addition, results of satellite cells (SCs) isolated from the longissimus dorsi muscle of 5-day-old Landrace piglets showed that Lys deficiency-induced apoptosis (P < 0.05) was mediated by the JAK2-STAT3 pathway inhibition (P < 0.05). Moreover, the JAK2-STAT3 pathway was reactivated (P < 0.05) by Lys re-supplementation and suppressed apoptosis in SCs (P < 0.05), and this effect was blocked (P < 0.05) after SCs treated with AG-490 (a specific inhibitor of JAK2). Collectively, Lys inhibited apoptosis in SCs to govern skeletal muscle growth via the JAK2-STAT3 pathway.

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Heat stress during late pregnancy of sows influences offspring longissimus dorsi muscle growth at weaning

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanfei Li ◽

Guoqiang Fan ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Wen Yao ◽

Elke Albrecht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Dorsi Muscle

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The relationships of collagen and ADAMTS2 expressionlevels with meat quality traits in cattle

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.v0iof.4557 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

X. H. Zhang ◽

H. .Liao ◽

Y. X. Qi ◽

Y. Q. Wang ◽

Y. Z. Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Dorsi Muscle

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the major macromolecule in skeletal muscle, and collagen is main component of ECM surrounding muscle fiber and adipocyte, which affect meat quality greatly. The remodeling of ECM is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases, such as ADAMTS2, which is essential for the maturation of triple helical collagen fibrils in body. The expression patterns of COL1A1, COL2A1, COL3A1 and ADAMTS2 in longissimus dorsi muscle were explored by qRT-PCR and results indicated that the expression levels of COL1A1, COL3A1 and ADAMTS2 were significantly higher at 3 and 24 month, while significantly lower at 12 and 30 month. The expression of ADAMTS2 and COL1A1 had significant positive relationships with intramuscular fat content, while expression of COL3A1 had significant positive relationship with shearing force and water holding capacity in cattle. The expression levels of collagen and ADAMTS2 were significantly higher in mesenteric fat, mammary fat pad and subcutaneous fat than in longissimus dorsi muscle, biceps femoris and infraspinitus tissues. The expressions levels of COL1A1, COL3A1 and ADAMTS2 were significantly lower in marbling fat than in other fat tissues. This study indicated that the expression of collagen and ADAMTS2 had important effects on postnatal skeletal muscle development and meat quality.

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Effects of Marination with Different Salt Concentrations on Some Quality Criteria of Beef Meat

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Food Science and Technology ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2021.0020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Buket ER DEMİRHAN ◽

Burak DEMİRHAN

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Salt Content ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Control Group ◽

Quality Properties ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Dorsi Muscle ◽

Meat Samples

In the present study, the effect of different salt concentrations on some quality properties such as the total number of coliform bacteria, texture, cooking loss, total salt content, metmyoglobin, pH, the water activity of steaks prepared from longissimus dorsi muscle of fresh beef was investigated. For this purpose, steaks prepared from longissimus dorsi muscle were dipped in marination brine in four different concentrations; 0% (control group), 1.5% NaCl, 2% NaCl and 2.5% NaCl, and marinated for 24 hours at +4 °C. The initial crude protein, crude fat, pH, moisture, and ash contents of beef were determined as 20.50%, 5.80%, 6.13, 72.63%, 1.07%, respectively. In the cooked meat samples, the hardness, chewiness and gumminess of the samples marinated with 1.5% and 2% NaCl was found to be higher than the control group. Metmyoglobin content of the meat samples marinated with NaCl is lower than the control group. The results revealed that the total number of coliform bacteria decreased drastically in parallel with the increase in salt concentration. As a result, the changes in the quality of the bovine longissimus dorsi muscle with different salt concentrations and marination were investigated, and positive effects on the textural properties and coliform bacterial load of the meat were observed.

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343 Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for porcine satellite cell proliferation and differentiation to promote skeletal muscle growth

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 97-97

Author(s):

Zong-ming Zhang ◽

Chun-qi Gao ◽

Hui-chao Yan ◽

Xiu-qi Wang

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Satellite Cell ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Control Group ◽

Skeletal Muscle Growth ◽

Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Deficiency Group

Abstract Wnt/β-catenin plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle growth, but its specific mechanism still unclear. In this study, due to the distinct role of lysine in pig industry, we provided it as an entry point to investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin in governing skeletal muscle growth. Firstly, total 18 weaned piglets were divided into three groups: control group, lysine deficiency group and lysine re-supplementation group (lysine levels added from 0.83% to 1.31% at 14 d). After 28 d experiment, all pigs were slaughtered to measure the change of Wnt/β-catenin in skeletal muscle. Secondly, satellite cell (SC) was isolated and cultured with Wnt activator, such as Wnt3a and WRN (Wnt3a, R-spondin1, Noggin) after lysine deficiency for 48 h to investigate cell proliferation and differentiation ability and the level of Wnt/β-catenin in different conditions. The results showed that compared with the control group, lysine deficiency significantly reduced longissimus dorsi muscle weight and Pax7 positive SC, and inhibited Wnt/β-catenin (P < 0.05). Fortunately, these restrictions were rescued to the control levels by lysine re-supplementation (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the lysine deficiency group, the MTT and western blotting assay showed cell proliferation ability was significantly increased with re-activated Wnt/β-catenin by re-supplemented lysine, Wnt3a or WRN (P < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, under the condition of cell differentiation, compared with the control group, cell fusion index was significantly decreased in the lysine deficiency group (P < 0.05), whereas it was significantly increased with lysine re-supplementation group, Wnt3a or WRN respective supplementation group in comparison with the lysine deficiency group (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the lysine deficiency group, the protein levels of myogenic regulatory factors and Wnt/β-catenin pathway were also re-activated by re-supplemented lysine, Wnt3a or WRN (P < 0.05). Collectively, we found Wnt/β-catenin activation is required for porcine SC proliferation and differentiation to promote skeletal muscle growth.

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Effect of chestnuts level in the formulation of the commercial feed on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Celta pig breed

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2016142-8728 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. e0603 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carmen De Jesús ◽

Rubén Domínguez ◽

Jesús Cantalapiedra ◽

Antonio Iglesias ◽

José M. Lorenzo

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Production Costs ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Control Group ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Dorsi Muscle ◽

Colour Parameters

The effect of including chestnuts in the formulation of the feed on carcass characteristics and meat quality from 24 castrated males Celta pigs was studied. The inclusion of 15% of chestnut (CH15) improved (p<0.01) the carcass (118 vs. about 104 kg) and live weights (149 vs. 133-139 kg). Killing out percentage was also better for chestnuts groups than for control group. With regards the morphometric parameters, there were no statistically significant (p>0.05) differences except for the carcass length and ham length, for which the CH15 group proved to be the group with the longest sizes. The diet did not affect the physicochemical properties (colour parameters, water holding capacity and shear force) of longissimus dorsi muscle. The composition of some fatty acids of the longissimus dorsi muscle was affected by diet. The total saturated (35-38%) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (8-10%) did not present differences. However, the increase of chestnut in the diet increased (p<0.05) the monounsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular fat (57% in CH25 vs. 53% in control and CH15). Within monounsaturated fatty acids, the C18:1n9 was the most influenced by the diet. The expression of the enzyme that synthesizes C18:1n9 depend on the composition of the diet. Therefore, the lower content of protein and the higher amounts of C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 in the chestnut could be explaining the greater content of C18:1n9 in muscle of chestnut-fed animals. The main conclusion is that including chestnuts in the diet would allow reduce production costs with no effect or even improving carcass measurements and meat quality.

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Lysine inhibits apoptosis in satellite cells to govern skeletal muscle growth via the JAK2-STAT3 pathway

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo00047g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 3941-3951 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhi-wen Song ◽

Cheng-long Jin ◽

Mao Ye ◽

Chun-qi Gao ◽

Hui-chao Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Satellite Cells ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

External Stress ◽

Stat3 Pathway ◽

Skeletal Muscle Growth

Apoptosis is programmed cell death that can be stimulated by external stress or nutrition restrictions.

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The effects of vitamin A supplementation during late-stage pregnancy on longissimus dorsi muscle tissue development, birth traits, and growth performance in postnatal Korean native calves

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0413 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 742-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong Ho Jo ◽

Dong Qiao Peng ◽

Won Seob Kim ◽

Seong Jin Kim ◽

Na Yeon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Late Stage ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Dorsi Muscle ◽

Experimental Group

Objective: This study investigated the effects of vitamin A (VA) supplementation during late-stage pregnancy on longissimus dorsi muscle tissue development, birth traits, and growth performance of postnatal Korean native calves.Methods: In the preliminary experiment, twenty-six pregnant cattle (initial body weight [BW] = 319 kg (standard deviation [SD] = 30.1; 1st parity) were randomly assigned to the control and treatment groups. The treatment group received VA supplementation at 24,000 IU/d from gestational day 225 until delivery. In the main experiment, twelve pregnant cattle (initial BW = 317 kg [SD = 31.3]; 1st parity) were treated with VA supplementation at 24,000 IU/d (gestational days 150 to 225) and at 78,000 IU/d (gestational day 225 until delivery). Serum VA levels were analyzed in pregnant cattle, and the growth performance, gene expression, and serum VA levels were analyzed in the offspring.Results: Serum VA levels in pregnant cattle decreased the late gestation in both experiments (p<0.001). In the main experiment, pregnant cattle at parturition and offspring at birth in the treatment group had higher serum VA levels than those in the control group (p<0.05). In the treatment groups, an increased birth weight was observed in the main experimental group (p = 0.022), and a tendency (p = 0.088) toward an increased birth weight was observed in the preliminary experimental group. However, no differences were observed in the feed intake, average daily gain, gain-to-feed ratio, or BW of 31-day-old calves. Gene expression was analyzed in longissimus dorsi muscles of 31-day-old calves. VA supplementation in pregnant cattle stimulated postnatal muscle development in offspring by elevating myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), MYF6, and myoblast determination levels (p<0.05). Moreover, preadipocyte-related marker genes such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and krüppel-like factor 2 were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: VA supplementation (78,000 IU/d) in late-stage pregnant cattle maintained serum VA levels. In addition, 78,000 IU/d VA supplementation increased the birth weight and expression of genes related to muscle and preadipocyte development in offspring. Overall, 78,000 IU/d VA supplementation in pregnant cattle is beneficial to newborn calves.

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Identification of differentially expressed genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Luchuan and Duroc pigs by transcriptome sequencing

10.1101/2020.07.01.182519 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pengcheng Pan ◽

Zhaoxian Qin ◽

Wan Xie ◽

Di Jiao ◽

Baojian Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽

Transcriptome Sequencing ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Dorsi Muscle

AbstractThe Duroc pig originated in the United States and is a typical lean meat pig. The breed grows fast and the body size is large, but the meat quality is poor. The Luchuan pig is one of the eight local excellent breeds in China; it has tender meat but a small size. To study the factors that determine growth, we selected the longissimus dorsi muscle of Luchuan and Duroc pigs for transcriptome sequencing. The results of transcriptome showed that 3682 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Duroc and Luchuan pigs. We screened out forty genes related to muscle development and selected the Myosin light chain-2 (MYL2) gene to perform preliminary research. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment of biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most of the forty gene were mainly involved in the Akt/FoxO signaling pathway, Fatty acid metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism and Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Such pathways contributed to skeletal muscle growth, fatty acid metabolism and intramuscular fat deposition. These results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the formation of skeletal muscle and provide candidate genes to improve growth traits and meat quality traits, as well as contribute to improving the growth and development traits of pigs through molecular breeding.

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