Methane emissions and δ 13C composition from beef steers consuming increasing proportions of sericea lespedeza hay on bermudagrass hay diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia O S van Cleef ◽  
José C B Dubeux ◽  
Harley D Naumann ◽  
Erick R S Santos ◽  
Lynn E Sollenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Δ 13C

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of ‘Au Grazer’ sericea lespedeza [SL, Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don], a legume rich in condensed tannins (CT), on nutrient intake and digestibility, and to estimate methane (CH4) emissions and 13C isotopic composition (δ  13CCH4) from beef steers consuming a forage-based diet. Twenty-five Angus-crossbred steers were distributed in a randomized complete block design (344 ± 48 kg initial BW), and randomly assigned to one of five treatments: 0SL, 25SL, 50SL, 75SL, and 100SL, diets containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of SL hay, respectively, mixed with ‘Tifton-85’ bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.). The study was carried out for two experimental periods of 21-d each. The statistical model included the fixed effect of treatment and random effects of block, experimental period, and their interaction. Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were linearly decreased (P < 0.001) by the inclusion of SL. No effects were observed for total CH4 emissions per day, nor for CH4 relative to organic matter intake or digestible organic matter with the inclusion of SL. However, emission of CH4 in relation to intake of CT was affected by treatment (P < 0.001). A linear (P < 0.001) decrease and a quadratic effect (P < 0.001) were observed for δ 13C of diets and gas, respectively, in which diets and enteric CH4 with greater inclusion of SL were more depleted in 13C. Moreover, the difference in δ 13C between diets and gas (Δδ  13C) had a linear decrease (P = 0.001) with the inclusion of SL. The model developed to predict the C3 proportions in the enteric CH4 fitted to predicted values (P < 0.0001). Therefore, greater proportions of SL resulted in lesser CH4 emission when CT intake was considered and the isotopic composition from enteric CH4 was able to predict the contribution of SL in the emissions.

scholarly journals Effect of glycerin on digestibility of diets for pigs determined with different methodologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Guiomar Helena Verussa ◽  
Anderson Corassa ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Ton ◽  
Cláudia Marie Komiyama ◽  
Douglas Dos Santos Pina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Inclusion Level

Glycerin is a by-product from the biodiesel chain whose energy value can be beneficial to pig diets. In this study, eight barrows were distributed individually into metabolic cages in a completely randomized block design. The animals were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% glycerin from soybean oil and subjected to the methods of total feces and urine collection and chromic oxide marker. We determined the digestibility coefficients (DC); the dietary levels of digestible dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), an neutral detergent fiber (NDF); digestible energy (DE); metabolizable energy (ME); and these last two variables corrected for the nitrogen content (DEn and MEn). Digestible OM values increased linearly with glycerin inclusion in the diets. The digestible CP of the diets showed an inversely proportional relationship with glycerin inclusion levels. Digestible MM decreased linearly when determined by the total collection method and quadratically when determined by the marker method. There was a linear increase in the digestible and metabolizable coefficients of energy, DE, DEn, ME and MEn of the diets as the glycerin inclusion level was increased. Inclusion of up to 15% glycerin obtained from soybean oil production increased the digestible fractions of organic matter and energy of the diets.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of cactus pear cladodes under different fertilization and harvesting managements

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Gil Mario Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Marcos Neves Lopes ◽  
Theyson Duarte Maranhão ◽  
Dhones Rodrigues de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of combined phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization and of harvesting frequency on the chemical composition of 'Gigante' cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes. The experiment was carried out in two municipalities, Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Fertilization with nitrogen (urea) and phosphorus (single superphosphate) was done with nine doses, respectively: 10 and 70, 70 and 10, 70 and 70, 70 and 130, 100 and 100, 130 and 70, 130 and 130, 130 and 190, and 190 and 130 kg ha-1 per year, besides 100 kg ha-1 N and P2O5 per year as the control. The harvesting frequencies evaluated were annual and biannual. A randomized complete block design was adopted, in split plot, with four replicates. The effect of fertilization on the contents of total dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, and total carbohydrates in the cladodes varies with harvesting frequency and site. Regarding harvesting frequency, there were higher contents of organic matter, total carbohydrates, and neutral detergent fiber, but lower contents of crude protein for the biannual harvesting in both municipalities. Annual harvesting improves the nutritional quality of primary and secondary cladodes in the municipality of Quixadá and of secondary and tertiary cladodes in Tejuçuoca.

EFFECT OF COLLECTION INTERVAL ON NUTRIENT DIGESTION DETERMINED WITHIN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF BEEF CATTLE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. MANDELL ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON ◽  
H. H. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Nutrient Digestion

Duodenal digesta, ileal digesta, and feces were collected from steers fed diets containing 50% barley grain, 50% brome-alfalfa hay. These were composited over days 1–3, 4–6 and 1–6 of each experimental period. Acid detergent lignin and chromic oxide were used as digestibility markers. Three- or six-day collection intervals did not affect the estimate of organic matter digestion in the forestomach, small or large intestine, and total tract. Differences (P < 0.05) in estimates of nutrient digestion between 3-d collection periods occurred for neutral detergent fiber in the forestomach and crude protein in the small intestine. Key words: Collection interval, partitioning of digestibility, markers, cattle, gastrointestinal tract

scholarly journals Quality of silage produced from intercropped corn RR and soybeans RR

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Sichierski Cardoso ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis ◽  
Karolyna Oliveira Marques ◽  
Katia Cylene Guimarães ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Secondary Factor ◽  
Fertilization System

The objective of this study was to produce silage from intercropped RR glyphosate tolerant corn (RR - Roundup Ready) and RR soybeans under Brazilian Cerrado conditions. The research was carried out in off-season between February and June 2015, in Rio Verde, Goiás (Brazil). In the experimental period the rainfall was 865 mm and the average temperature of 23.7°C. Two trials were performed. The first had corn rows spaced in 1 m with a row of soybeans in the interrow. The second had double corn rows interspersed with one row of soybeans, all spaced in 0.50 m. In both trials, we used a randomized block design, in a 2x2+3 factorial scheme, with four replications. Primary factor consisted of two types of pre-sowing fertilization: one only in corn rows and the other over the total area. The secondary factor corresponded to two soybean varieties: medium and late cycle variety. In addition, three control treatments were made: one of corn and two of soybeans. The corn cutoff point was at the hard farinaceous stage when the milk line reaches half the grain, and in the sole crop soybean at the R5.5 final phase of grain filling. Silage was stored in PVC experimental silos for 60 days. The intercropped treatments, in both spatial arrangements, promoted increases in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents. Soybean monoculture presented high values of crude protein and ethereal extract. There were higher effluent losses in medium-cycle soybean variety silage when it was grown in single cropping. However, the lowest effluent losses were recorded for silages of medium-cycle soybean intercropped under a double row pre-sowing corn fertilization system. The soybeans mixed silages produced together with corn under off-season conditions did not yield satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seven Oat (Avena sativa) Genotypes for Biomass Yield and Quality Parameters under Different Locations of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abuye Tulu ◽  
Mekonnen Diribsa ◽  
Worku Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Recognizing the potential and importance of cultivating improved forage crops as a means of tackling the recurrent feed shortage facing the study area, seven oat genotypes were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two locations for three growing seasons (2014, 2015, and 2016). The study was aimed to evaluate dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter yield and nutrient composition of oat genotypes. The study revealed that oat genotypes responded differently for herbage dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter (OM) yield, and quality parameters in both study locations. Averaged over the seven oat genotypes, herbage DM and digestible OM yield. recorded at Bako were higher than Boneya Boshe location across the study periods. The ash ( P  > 0.05) content did not vary among oat genotypes at both testing locations, while variation was observed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy (ME) constituents. In general, genotypes ILRI 6710 and 5453 showed higher herbage DM and digestible OM yield. Moreover, the two genotypes are also higher in their in vitro digestibility value and ME, DM, and CP contents but relatively lower in NDF, ADF, and ADL fiber constituents, and thus, they are recommended for wider cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of glycerin on digestibility of diets for pigs determined with different methodologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Guiomar Helena Verussa ◽  
Anderson Corassa ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Ton ◽  
Cláudia Marie Komiyama ◽  
Douglas Dos Santos Pina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Inclusion Level

Glycerin is a by-product from the biodiesel chain whose energy value can be beneficial to pig diets. In this study, eight barrows were distributed individually into metabolic cages in a completely randomized block design. The animals were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% glycerin from soybean oil and subjected to the methods of total feces and urine collection and chromic oxide marker. We determined the digestibility coefficients (DC); the dietary levels of digestible dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), an neutral detergent fiber (NDF); digestible energy (DE); metabolizable energy (ME); and these last two variables corrected for the nitrogen content (DEn and MEn). Digestible OM values increased linearly with glycerin inclusion in the diets. The digestible CP of the diets showed an inversely proportional relationship with glycerin inclusion levels. Digestible MM decreased linearly when determined by the total collection method and quadratically when determined by the marker method. There was a linear increase in the digestible and metabolizable coefficients of energy, DE, DEn, ME and MEn of the diets as the glycerin inclusion level was increased. Inclusion of up to 15% glycerin obtained from soybean oil production increased the digestible fractions of organic matter and energy of the diets.

scholarly journals 259 Screening of Lespedeza germplasm for forage quality and bioactivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
Thomas H Terrill ◽  
Breyanna Morning ◽  
Erica Courson ◽  
Bradley Morris ◽  
Harley Naumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Interest in the condensed tannin-containing legume sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) as a nutraceutical (bioactive) forage for livestock has been increasing in the United States but other Lespedeza species have not been adequately evaluated. A study was completed to determine the nutritional and bioactivity potential of Lespedeza species obtained from the USDA Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit in Griffin, GA. Accessions from 15 Lespedeza species were planted in small plots at Fort Valley State University in Fort Valley, GA. After establishment, forage was harvested, freeze-dried, ground and analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), total phenolics (TP), and protein precipitable phenolics (PPP). Species differences were significant (P &lt; 0.01) for all parameters measured. Lespedeza cuneata accessions, including “AUGrazer,” the cultivar most commonly used as an anti-parasitic crop in the United States had NDF, ADF, and IVTD values of 35.7±0.4%, 26.8±0.4%, and 74.3±1.2%, while L. virginica, a native species, had 34.9±3.0%, 26.0±2.5%, and 74.9±4.2%, respectively. The L. cuneata accessions averaged 179.6±4.3 and 133.6±3.5 mg/g of forage material for TP and PPP, while L. virginica averaged 564.2±24.6 and 306.5±19.9 mg/g, respectively. Other species varied from 30.5±3.0 to 47.4±4.2% NDF, 22.9±1.6 to 36.4±3.6% ADF, 55.2±5.9 to 81.6±3.4% IVTD, and 107.7±17.4 to 283.5±34.7 and 55.2±14.0 to 139.4±28.1 mg/g of forage for TP and PPP, respectively. Based upon these results, Lespedeza species tested in this study, particularly L. virginica, have potential as nutraceutical forages for livestock production systems. As L. cuneata accessions established and grew much better than other Lespedeza species in this study, agronomic testing of this germplasm collection in other environments is warranted. In addition, determining potential anti-parasitic properties of these species using in vitro and in vivo testing would be beneficial.

scholarly journals Effects of Zinc Sulfate or Propylene Glycol on Intake, Digestibility, and Forage Selection by Grazing Sheep in a Semi-Arid Region During the Rainy Season

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Hélio Costa ◽  
Eloisa Saliba ◽  
Diego Galvani ◽  
Marco Bomfim ◽  
Ângela Maria Lana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to determine intake, nutrient availability, and animal selection of major forage species in sheep supplemented with zinc sulfate or propylene glycol in Caatinga-native pastures during the rainy season. Twenty-four mixed Santa Inês sheep, all non-castrated males, with initial weight of 19.3 ± 2.52 kg and 4 ± 0.35 months of age, were distributed in a complete randomized design into three treatments: Control (CT)—concentrate supplemented at 0.7% of body weight; CT + 300 mg of Zn day−1; CT + 2.5 mL of propylene glycol/kg LW0.75·day−1. Measurements were done in four periods during the rainy season, with 28 days of interval between each measurement. Differences were observed in the composition of the ruminal extrusa samples from pastures for crude protein (CP) (192 to 131 g kg−1), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (537 to 441 g kg−1), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) (468 to 359 g kg−1) in March and June, respectively. There was no effect for treatments, neither for the treatment x period interaction on organic matter (OM), CP, and fibrous fraction intake (p > 0.05). Organic matter intake (OMI) was, on average 23.9% greater in March compared to June. CP intake decreased monthly (p < 0.05). Fibrous fraction intake was greater in March (p < 0.05), with reductions of 34.8, 33.3, and 39.4% in June, respectively, for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and cellulose (CEL) fractions. There was no effect of treatments (p > 0.05) on selection of vegetal species present in the pasture. On the other hand, the proportion between ingested species changed over the experimental period. Greater intakes were found in April compared to May, except for Zizyphus joazeiro intake, which was greater in March (p < 0.05). In conclusion, based on the finding of this study, Zn and propylene glycol (PG) supplementation did not improve sheep nutrient intake when grazing Caatinga-native pasture in the rainy season. Caatinga-native pasture biomass has adequate protein and digestible organic matter levels during early rainy season. Over this period, however, the advanced maturity of the plants and the reduced availability of pasture may result in variations of intake by the animals. In the months of April to June, a reduced energy supply is caused by reduced nutritive values of pastures, which contributes to inefficient protein utilization and reduced feed intake.

PSX-33 Effect of supplementing different proportions of sericea lespedeza with alfalfa silage on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 454-454
Author(s):  
Valens Niyigena ◽  
K P Coffey ◽  
W K Coblentz ◽  
D Philipp ◽  
M C Savin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Abstract Dietary manipulations to include tannins can change the proportion and amounts of N excreted in the urine and feces as well as improve N-use efficiency in ruminants. This study was conducted to investigate effects on animal digestion parameters of adding different proportions of sericea lespedeza hay (SL) to alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was harvested in June 2018 at 75% bloom, chopped, and then packed at 55% moisture into plastic-lined bins and allowed to ensile for 3 months. Alfalfa silage was either offered alone or mixed with 9, 18, or 27% SL on a DM basis. These diets were offered randomly for ad libitum consumption to 16 ewes (41.8 ± 4.61 kg BW) in a randomized complete block design experiment with 2 periods to provide 4 observations per treatment per experimental period, each consisting of a 14-d dietary adaptation period followed by 5 d of total fecal and urine collection. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS and orthogonal linear and quadratic trend analyses were tested. Digestibility (%) of DM and OM and digestible DM and OM intake (g/kg BW) decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing SL addition to the diet. Digestibility of NDF and ADF decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) with increasing SL, and apparent absorption (%) of N decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing SL in the diet. Urinary N excretions (g/d) tended (P = 0.10) to decrease linearly while fecal N (g/day) tended to increase (P = 0.10) linearly with increasing SL proportion in the diet. In this study, supplementation with sericea lespedeza as a tannin source to alfalfa silage decreased forage digestibility and digestible organic matter intake and did not positively influence nitrogen use. The study was supported in part by USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-3655-4-052 and by USDA NIFA grant 2018-67019-27804.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DRY MATTER DISAPPEARANCE OF NORMAL- AND LOW-TANNIN SERICEA LESPEDEZA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. FALES
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Higher Temperature

A normal and a low-tannin sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don.) cultivar were grown in controlled environments under a warm (32/24 °C) or cool (22/17 °C) temperature regime. Both cultivars accumulated more dry matter at the higher temperature. The normal-tannin sericea contained a higher concentration of tannin, and lower concentrations of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber (NDF than the low-tannin sericea. Tannin concentration in the leaves of the normal-tannin cultivar was 10 percentage units greater and crude protein and NDF were each 3 units lower at 32/24 °C than at 22/17 °C. Tannin concentration in the leaves of the low-tannin cultivar was 2 percentage units higher, crude protein was 3 units lower, and NDF was 3 units higher at 32/24 °C than at 22/17 °C. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of the normal-tannin leaves was approximately 20 percentage units less than that of the low-tannin leaves, and was not influenced by temperature. Stems were more digestible than the leaves in both cultivars, but normal-tannin stems were slightly less digestible than the low-tannin stems. The IVDMD of low-tannin stems was 6 units lower at 32/24 °C than at 22/17 °C. Future breeding efforts with low-tannin sericea should place emphasis on lower tannin and NDF concentrations because both these components tend to increase with temperature and bear negative associations with IVDMD.Key words: Lespedeza cuneata, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, forage quality

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