PSX-B-3 Effect of infrequent nitrogen supplementation on forage utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 459-460
Author(s):  
Ciana Bowhay ◽  
Tryon Wickersham
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Nitrogen Recycling ◽  
Nitrogen Supplementation ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Forage Utilization ◽  
Protein Supply

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of differing levels of supplemental nitrogen offered daily, or every 3 d on nitrogen balance, forage intake, and digestibility in cattle consuming low-quality forage. Five ruminally cannulated Angus × Hereford steers (BW = 350 ± 71 kg) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Steers consumed low-quality bluestem hay (67.7% NDF, 4.7% CP; DM basis) ad libitum. Treatments were no supplement (CON), or cottonseed meal offered at levels providing 120 mg N/kg BW each day (L/1D) or every 3 d (L/3D), 240 mg N/kg BW every 3 d (M/3D), or 360 mg N/kg BW every 3 d (H/3D). Hay, ort, urine, and fecal samples were collected during the last 6 d of each period and ruminal fluid during the last 3 d. Total digestible OM intake was greater in L/1D (6660 g/d; P < 0.01) compared to CON (4498 g/d) and increased linearly in steers supplemented intermittently (5145, 6170, and 6698 g/d for L/3D, M/3D, and H3/D, respectfully; P < 0.01). Total tract OM digestibility was similar between CON and L/1D, L/3D, and H/3D (58.21, 61.21, 60.82, and 60.91%, respectively; P ≥ 0.10) but was greater in M/3D steers (63.30%; P ≤ 0.02). Reducing frequency of protein supplementation to every 3-d improved forage intake and utilization similar to daily supplementation when provided at medium (240 mg N/kg BW) or high (360 mg N/kg BW) levels. Improved efficiency of nitrogen recycling likely buffered disruptions in protein supply, maintaining intake and digestibility of low-quality forage without daily supplementation. Supplementation of protein every 3 d at 240 g N/kg BW appears to the most biologically effective strategy, increasing intake of LQF and maximizing OM digestibility and N utilization.

Effects of forage type and protein supplementation on voluntary intakes and particle breakdown of forages by dry dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
I.J. Thomas ◽  
A.T. Adesogan
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Protein Supply

There is now considerable evidence of residual effects of both energy and protein supply during the dry period on performance in the next lactation. Changes in forage intake and eating/rumination behaviour in the dry period have been implicated in predisposition to metabolic disorders in the subsequent lactation. In particular, there is a close association between intake either side of calving (Grummer, 1995). The primary objective of this experiment was to identify the effects, and interactions, of pre-partum energy and protein supply on forage intake and particle size reduction (as an index of rumination behaviour) of cows in the dry period.Fifty-two Holstein-Friesian cows, calving from September to November 1996, were used in a continuous design experiment The cows were dried off 8 weeks before their anticipated calving date and grazed on bare pasture for one week before training to use Calan gates (using grass silage only).

Effect of timing and level of protein supply on silage intake, feeding behaviour and milk yield of lactating dairy cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
D L Romney ◽  
V Blunn ◽  
J D Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Present Trial ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Stimulation Of

Previous studies have shown that the timing of supplement distribution and supplement type can have implications on forage intake and/or production. For example, Robinson et al. (1997) showed that feeding a protein supplement at 00.30 h compared with 08.30 h increased fat yield through stimulation of rumen fermentation. The objective of the present trial was to test the hypothesis “that supplying a protein supplement either before or after silage was offered would affect feeding pattern and silage intake”.Twelve multiparous cows, with average starting milk yield of 25.4 (s.d. 5.95) kg/day were allocated to one of six treatments in an incomplete Latin square with four periods of 21 days. Grass silage (219 g/kg DM, 151 g CP/kg DM) was fed ad libitum mixed with barley in the ratio 3:1 on a DM basis.

scholarly journals A comparison of the effect of forage type and level of feeding on the digestibility and gastrointestinal mean retention time of dry forages given to cattle, sheep, ponies and donkeys

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Pearson ◽  
R. F. Archibald ◽  
R. H. Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Gut Fermentation ◽  
Made In

Four cattle, sheep, ponies and donkeys were fed dehydrated lucerne, early-cut hay, later-cut hay or barley straw in a Latin square-based design for four periods of 35d. In the first sub-period animals were fed the diets ad libitum (1–21d) and in the second sub-period they were fed the same diet restricted to 0·75 of ad libitum intake (days 22–35). Measurements of forage intake, apparent digestibilities and gastrointestinal mean retention times (MRT) were made in the last 7d of each sub-period. Differences between species in voluntary DM intake (VDMI; g/kg live weight LW)0·75 and g/LW) were greatest on the lucerne and least on barley straw. Cattle VDMI (g/kg LW0·75) compared with intake of the other species was > ponies > sheep > donkeys on lucerne. On barley straw VDMI (g/kg LW0·75) of cattle compared with intake of the other species was = donkey = ponies > sheep. VDMI of hays were intermediate between the lucerne and straw forages. Apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and acid-detergent fibre (ADF) of the lucerne and hays were higher in the ruminants than in the equids. Effect of feeding level was not significant. Gastrointestinal MRT was shorter in the equids than in the ruminants. On straw diets donkeys showed similar apparent digestibilities of feed components to those of the cattle, whilst apparent digestibility of the straw diet by the ponies was lowest. Results are discussed in relation to evolutionary differences in feeding and digestion strategy associated with fore- or hind-gut fermentation in ruminants and equids.

Effects of forage type and protein supplementation on voluntary intakes and particle breakdown of forages by dry dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
I.J. Thomas ◽  
A.T. Adesogan
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Protein Supply

There is now considerable evidence of residual effects of both energy and protein supply during the dry period on performance in the next lactation. Changes in forage intake and eating/rumination behaviour in the dry period have been implicated in predisposition to metabolic disorders in the subsequent lactation. In particular, there is a close association between intake either side of calving (Grummer, 1995). The primary objective of this experiment was to identify the effects, and interactions, of pre-partum energy and protein supply on forage intake and particle size reduction (as an index of rumination behaviour) of cows in the dry period.Fifty-two Holstein-Friesian cows, calving from September to November 1996, were used in a continuous design experiment The cows were dried off 8 weeks before their anticipated calving date and grazed on bare pasture for one week before training to use Calan gates (using grass silage only).

scholarly journals A comparison of untreated and formaldehyde-treated barley distiller’s solubles and rapeseed meal as protein supplements in dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Khalili ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Twenty Friesian cows in four pens were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment with 4 wk experimental periods to evaluate the effects on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of treating barley dried distiller’s solubles (DDS) with a formaldehyde reagent, and to compare DDS with rapeseed meal as a protein supplement in dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet. The control diet (C) consisted of grass silage ad libitum fed with 8.5 kg/d of concentrate based on barley, oats and barley fibre (250, 250 and 500 g/kg dry matter (DM)). In three other diets 1.5 kg/d of the basal concentrate was replaced with rapeseed meal (RSM) treated for reduced ruminal degradability, 1.5 kg of untreated DDS (UDDS) or 1.5 kg of DDS treated with formaldehyde reagent at the level of 15 l/t (TDDS). On average, protein supplementation increased silage and total DM intake by approximately 0.5 kg/d (P>0.05). Milk yield (P

scholarly journals PSVIII-27 Interactions between the stage of maturity of Eragrostis tef hay and supplemental energy source on forage utilization in beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
Allison Stevens ◽  
Cheyanne Myers ◽  
John B Hall ◽  
Gwinyai E Chibisa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Forage Utilization ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Microbial N

Abstract This study evaluated the interaction between the stage of maturity of Eragrostis tef (teff) grass and supplemental energy source on ruminal fermentation characteristics and nitrogen (N) utilization. Six ruminally-fistulated beef heifers were used in a 3 × 3 split-plot design (21 d periods). The whole plot factor was stage of maturity of teff hay [early- (EH) or late-heading (LH)], and the subplot factor was supplemental energy source [no supplement (CON), rolled corn grain or beet pulp pellet (BP)] fed at 0.5% of body weight. Feed intake was measured daily. Indwelling pH loggers were used to measure ruminal pH (d 14 to 21) and ruminal fluid was collected from d 19 to 21 to determine fermentation characteristics, as were feces and urine to measure N excretion. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. There was no stage of maturity × supplement interaction for all measurements (P ≥ 0.17). Although dry matter intake (DMI) tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for heifers fed EH than LH hay, it did not differ (P = 0.88) across supplements. Ruminal acetate concentration tended (P = 0.098) to be greater for EH than LH heifers, whereas butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.045) for BPP than CON heifers. However, the duration and area pH < 6.2 and 5.8 did not differ (P > 0.12) across treatments. Except for microbial N flow, which was greater (P < 0.01) for EH than LH heifers, there was no stage of maturity or supplement effect (P ≥ 0.14) on measures of N utilization. In summary, feeding teff hay harvested at the EH than LH stage of maturity increased DMI and microbial N supply, whereas feeding corn and BP as energy supplements to beef heifers had no effect on ruminal pH.

scholarly journals THE NUTRITIONAL BALANCE OF EARLY LACTATION DAIRY COWS GRAZING IN INTENSIVE SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Sierra Montoya ◽  
Julian David Chará ◽  
Rolando Barahona-Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract A study was carried out to estimate the balance of metabolizable protein (MP), metabolizable energy (ME), calcium, and phosphorus in 12 recently calved (RC) and early lactation (EL, 42 - 50 days after calving) Gyr x Holstein dairy cows grazing in a Leucaena leucocephala and Cynodon plectostachyus intensive silvopastoral system (ISS) and receiving energy and protein supplementation. Dry matter (DM) availability from the grazing paddocks, nutrients offered and their balance were estimated. On average, the available forage DM per animal.day-1 was 44.7 kg for C. plectostachyus and 11.8 kg for L. leucocephala. EL cows had greater requirements of MP, ME, and minerals than RC cows. In RC cows, ME, MP, and mineral requirements were supplied by the total diet, while EL cows exhibited a negative energy balance. For both RC and EL cows, ME was the limiting dietary factor, whereas MP and P were found to be in excess. If cows were only to receive ISS forages with no supplementation, estimated daily milk yield would be 10 and 12 litters for RC and EL cows, respectively. Under tropical conditions, based on ISS forage intake, RC and EL cows can meet most of their ME, MP, calcium, and phosphorous requirements.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

scholarly journals Evaluation of undehydrated barley feed fractions and dried oat feed fractions from integrated starch-ethanol process in diets of growing pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi ◽  
Erkki Aimonen
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Protein Supply

The nutrient digestibility and protein utilization of undehydrated barley fractions: protein (BP), protein fibre mixture (BPF) and distillers solids (DS) at two levels of inclusion in diets fortified to equal lysine content were assayed with growing pigs in a 6 x 6 Latin square. Dried barley fibre (BF), oat protein (OP) and oat fibre (OF) from integrated starch-ethanol production were evaluated as feed ingredients for pigs in three other trials. DS and OP had a higher essential amino acids content than BP, especially with respect to lysine. All fractions had a rather high ether extract content 46-196 g/kg and their fatty acid composition is presented. BP showed higher protein digestibility than DS (0.931 vs. 0.857) and pigs on BP-diet retained more N than on DS-diet. BF showed a low digestibility of OM and CP and 0.1 inclusion of BF mixed with BP depressed CP digestibility and N-retention. A higher protein supply from cereal protein in the diet promoted N-retention but decreased protein utilization. OP had high digestibility and OF was more digestible than BF. The study confirmed the high digestibility and energy values of the proteinous grain fractions and a high protein utilization when adequately fortified with lysine. The fibrous fractions have a rather low nutrient digestibility and their use in pig diets is therefore limited.

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