Digestibility and nitrogen and water balance in horses fed rhizoma peanut hay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Caroline C M Vasco ◽  
Katy J Brinkley-Bissinger ◽  
Jillian M Bobel ◽  
José C B Dubeux ◽  
Lori K Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Rhizoma Peanut

Abstract Rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata) hay has the potential to meet horses’ crude protein requirements with less nitrogen excretion than other legumes. This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, and nitrogen balance of RP ‘Florigraze’ hay compared to alfalfa (ALF, Medicago sativa L. ‘Legendary XHD’) and bermudagrass (BG, Cynodon dactylon L. ‘Coastal’) hays when fed to maintenance horses at 2% BW/d on a dry matter (DM) basis. We hypothesized that nutrient intake would be comparable between the legume hays and lesser for BG, and that RP would result in reduced nitrogen excretion compared to alfalfa. Six mature Quarter Horse geldings (593 ± 40 kg; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to one of the hays in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square with 21-d periods. A 14-d adaptation phase was followed by a 3-d total fecal and urine collection. Days 18 to 21 were used for a companion study. Intake of nutrients is reported on a DM basis. Digestible energy (DE) intakes from ALF (29.91 Mcal/d) and RP (29.37 Mcal/d) were greater (P < 0.0001) than BG (20.78 Mcal/d). Crude protein (CP) intake was greater (P < 0.0001) for ALF (2.5 kg/d), followed by RP (1.9 kg/d), and BG (1.5 kg/d). All hays exceeded maintenance requirements for DE, CP, Ca, and P. Apparent digestibility of DM and CP were greatest (P < 0.0001) for ALF (69 and 84%), intermediate for RP (61 and 72%), and least for BG (46 and 64%). Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber did not differ (P = 0.2228) among hays, while digestibility of acid detergent fiber (P = 0.0054) was least for RP but similar for ALF and BG. Water intake (kg/d) for ALF (57) was greater (P=0.0068) than RP (45) and BG (41). Greater (P = 0.0271) water retention (kg/d) was observed for ALF (13.5), followed by RP (10.8) and BG (7.5). There was a difference in nitrogen excretion, with greatest urinary nitrogen excretion for ALF (P < 0.0001) and greatest fecal nitrogen excretion for BG (P = 0.0001). Total nitrogen excretion was greater (P < 0.0001) for ALF (278 g/d), followed by RP (211 g/d), and BG (179 g/d). Nitrogen retention was greater (P = 0.0005) for ALF when represented as g/d (ALF: 129, RP: 86, and BG: 57 g/d), but similar (P = 0.0377) to RP when presented as percent of nitrogen intake (ALF: 32, RP: 29, and BG: 24%). Results indicate that rhizoma peanut hay is a suitable legume for horses by meeting DE and CP requirements and having a significant reduction in nitrogen compared to alfalfa.

scholarly journals Nutrients intake and digestibility in sheep fed with residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Fabiana Gomes Costa ◽  
Jocilaine Garcia ◽  
Anderson Moura Zanine ◽  
Edmiar Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

<p>This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility by sheep fed diets containing residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP). We used four sheep with a mean body weight (BW) of 40.38 kg, whose pens were distributed in a Latin square design. The diet treatments contained 0, 5, 10 and 15% of RETP. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the differences observed were tested using regression equations at 5% significance. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC),expressed in g day-1, % BW and g kg0,75-1, were not significantly affected (p&gt;0.05) by the inclusion of RETP. The intake of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) showed a linear increase (p&lt;0.05) as RETP content rose. However, the digestibility of DM, CP, TC, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) decreased linearly (p&lt;0.05), while the digestibility of EE, NDF, ADF, and NFC, with average values of 62.12%; 79.95%; 41.59%; 37.12%, and 91.57%, respectively, were not significantly affected (p&gt;0.05) when RETP was included in the diet. The inclusion of up to 15% of the residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp changes the intake of ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, and reduced dry matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrates in the sheep’s diet.</p>

scholarly journals Nutrient intake and apparent digestibility coefficient of lambs fed with coffee husk in replacement of oat hay

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
Laís Belan ◽  
Simone Fernanda Nedel Pertile ◽  
Lisiane Dorneles de Lima ◽  
Agostinho Ludovico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Apparent Digestibility Coefficient ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Four Levels

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing oat hay with coffee husk in the diet of lambs on the intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The experimental design was 4×4 Latin square with four levels of replacement of oat hay with coffee husk (0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5%) with four individually housed Texel sheep. Intake and apparent digestibility coefficients were measured at four periods of 12 days. All orts and feces were collected, weighed, homogenized, and sampled. The use of coffee husk at up to 22.5% of the total DM in the diet of lambs improved the intake of nutrients. Except for NDF, no significant differences were observed for the apparent digestibility of other parameters (DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC, and the ADF). Coffee husk can be included at up to 22.5% of total dry matter in diets with 30% roughage and 70% concentrate, being a good alternative to reduce feed costs in lamb production.

scholarly journals Nutrients intake and digestibility in sheep fed with residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4401
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Fabiana Gomes Costa ◽  
Jocilaine Garcia ◽  
Anderson Moura Zanine ◽  
Edmiar Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility by sheep fed diets containing residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP). We used four sheep with a mean body weight (BW) of 40.38 kg, whose pens were distributed in a Latin square design. The diet treatments contained 0, 5, 10 and 15% of RETP. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the differences observed were tested using regression equations at 5% significance. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC),expressed in g day-1, % BW and g kg0,75-1, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of RETP. The intake of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) showed a linear increase (p<0.05) as RETP content rose. However, the digestibility of DM, CP, TC, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) decreased linearly (p<0.05), while the digestibility of EE, NDF, ADF, and NFC, with average values of 62.12%; 79.95%; 41.59%; 37.12%, and 91.57%, respectively, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) when RETP was included in the diet. The inclusion of up to 15% of the residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp changes the intake of ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, and reduced dry matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrates in the sheep’s diet.

scholarly journals Nutrients intake and digestibility in sheep fed with residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4507
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Fabiana Gomes da Costa ◽  
Silvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽  
Jocilaine Garcia ◽  
Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility by sheep fed diets containing residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP). We used four sheep with a mean body weight (BW) of 40.38 kg, whose pens were distributed in a Latin square design. The diet treatments contained 0, 5, 10 and 15% of RETP. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the differences observed were tested using regression equations at 5% significance. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC),expressed in g day-1, % BW and g kg0,75-1, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of RETP. The intake of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) showed a linear increase (p<0.05) as RETP content rose. However, the digestibility of DM, CP, TC, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) decreased linearly (p<0.05), while the digestibility of EE, NDF, ADF, and NFC, with average values of 62.12%; 79.95%; 41.59%; 37.12%, and 91.57%, respectively, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) when RETP was included in the diet. The inclusion of up to 15% of the residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp changes the intake of ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, and reduced dry matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrates in the sheep’s diet.

scholarly journals Intake and nutrient digestibility of tropical grasses and legume hay supplemented with tilapia fish silage

1969 ◽  
Vol 92 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Héctor L. Díaz-Ríos ◽  
Abner A. Rodríguez-Carias
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of supplementation with tilapia fish silage (FS) prepared in laboratory scale silos with addition of cane molasses, on intake and digestibility of tropical grass hay (GH) (Digitaria eriantha, 80%, and Urochloa maximum, 20%), and rhizome perennial peanut hay (RPPH) (Arachis glabrata). In Experiment I, GH was the basal diet and treatments were Control or T1 = GH, and GH supplemented daily with FS at 0.45% (T2) and 0.90% (T3) of the animal body weight (BW). In Experiment II, the basal diet was RPPH and treatments were Control or T1 = RPPH;T2 = RPPH supplemented daily with FS at 0.225% BW; and T3 = RPPH with 0.45% BW. In both experiments nine adult intact rams were used. The animals were fed for eight days of adaptation and six days of data collection in each period. Both experiments used a 3 X 3 Latin Square design. In experiment I dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility of GH increased (P less than 0.05) with FS supplementation, which also increased crude protein (CP) intake. CP digestibility increased (P < 0.05) at each level of supplementation compared to that of the control, but T2 and T3 did not differ significantly. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake was higher (P < 0.05) in T1 than in T3 but similar in T1 and T2. Fiber digestibility was not affected (P greater than 0.05) by the treatments. It was concluded that supplementation of a GH basal diet with FS at 0.90% of BW is the best alternative. In Experiment II, DM digestibility of T3 differed (P less than 0.05) from that in T1 but in T2 did not differ from DM digestibility either in T1 or T3. Intake of DM, CP and fiber were similar in all treatments (P greater than 0.05). Crude protein digestibility was similar at both levels of supplementation and superior (P < 0.05) to that of the control, but fiber digestibility was not affected (P > 0.05). It is concluded that daily supplementation with FS for sheep fed a basal diet of RPPH should be limited to 0.225% of BW. Upon comparing both experiments, voluntary intake of DM, NDF and CP from RPPH was higher than from GH.The legume also showed a higher (P < 0.05) digestibility of DM and CP.

The Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Energy Value to Pigs of Plantains (Musa Sapientum Var. Paradisiaca Linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The proximate and mineral constituents of six plantain forms, raw green plantain (RGP), cooked green plantain (CGP), raw ripe plantain (RRP), cooked ripe plantain (CRP), green plantain meal (GPM) and ripe plantain meal (RPM) were determined by chemical analysis. 24 large white barrows, weighing initially, between 40-45 kg., were used to study the apparent digestibility of nutrients, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (ME(n) and total digestible nutrients when the plantains served as the only source of nutrients. In a second experiment ME and ME(n) were measured for the plantain forms using 28 Large White barrows, with diets in which the plantains replaced 50% of maize in a basal diet. All the plantain forms had low fat, crude fibre and crude protein content but high in nitrogen-free extract, phosphorus, potassium and Iron. Identically high dry matter (D.M.) and nitrogen-free extract (N.F.E.) digestion coefficients were obtained for all the plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values. Digestion coefficients for crude protein (46.9, 53.6, 51.8, 34.3,-32.7 %), crude fibre, (46.6, 49.5, 58.7, 62.6, 56.9, 39.6 %), ether extract (55.9, 56.6, 66.9, 69.2, 54.7 and 34.6 %) for RGP, CGP, RRP, CRP, GPM and RPM respectively were considerably lower than for D.M. and N.F.E. The DE, ME ME(n) and TDN values were comparable for all plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values in most cases. The fresh green plantains and green plantain meals had slightly higher energy values than the ripe plantains, even though the nutrients in the ripe plantains were better digested than in the green forms. The results are discussed in relation to variations in the relative proportions of the simple and more complex carbohydrates during ripening.

The effect of offering diets with a reduced crude protein and digestible energy content on the retention and excretion of nitrogen by pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
P.A. Lee ◽  
R.M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
The Cost

Manipulation of dietary nitrogen content can reduce nitrogen excretion (NE) by the pig by 40 per cent (Kay and Lee, 1995), which has major implications for pollution legislation. Past work (Kay and Lee, 1996) has shown that whilst reduced crude protein (CP) diets reduce NE whilst maintaining nitrogen retention (NR), there is also an increase in backfat depth at slaughter. This suggests an ‘energy sparing’ effect from the lower levels of excess amino acids which might be exploited to lower the cost of the reduced CP diets. The objective of this experiment was to determine the NR and NE of growing and finishing pigs offered diets with reduced CP and Digestible Energy (DE) contents compared with commercial diets or diets with reduced CP content only.

Effects of Protein and Roughage Sources in Total Mixed Ration on Voluntary Feed Intake, Nutrient Intake and Blood Metabolites in Black Bengal Goats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Polviset ◽  
N. Danopas
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

Background: Agricultural productivity in Southeast Asian countries are important to produce food for human, thus the first priority to improve agricultural productivity is feed and feeding in livestock, especially in ruminants when rice straw and Napier grass are used as the roughage sources; in addition, cassava leaves and Leucaena leaves can be used as the protein sources. Interestingly, the strategy to improve feed in ruminant is through the use of total mixed rations (TMR) which are produced by combination of roughages, concentrates, minerals, vitamins and additives. Methods: During the period 2020-2021 a study with 2 × 2 factorial, in 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21 days per period tested the following TMR’s T1- 5% urea treated rice straw with dried Leucaena leaves, T2- 5% urea treated rice with dried cassava leaves, T3- fermented napier grass with dried Leucaena leaves and the T4- fermented napier grass with dried cassava leaves on voluntary feed intake, nutrient intake and blood metabolites in Black Bengal goats. Result: All treatments did not affect voluntary feed intake (kgDM/head/day and % BW) (P greater than 0.05), but feeding with 5% urea treated rice with dried cassava leaves, it was non significantly higher (0.71 kgDM/day). Furthermore, nutrient intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and rumination were not affected among all the four treatments (P greater than 0.05). Additionally, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and triglyceride concentrations in plasma were not influenced due to treatments (P greater than 0.05). Nevertheless, Feed cost (USD/kg) was reduced T3 and T4. In conclusion, feeding Black Bengal goat with fermented napier grass with dried Leucaena leaves and fermented napier grass with dried cassava leaves in the TMR were suitable because of the lowest price (0.13 USD/kg) when compared to the other treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Tannin Sources on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Performance, Nitrogen Utilization, and Blood Parameters in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Xu ◽  
Cao ◽  
Wang ◽  
Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study investigated the effect of tannin sources on nutrient intake, digestibility, performance, nitrogen utilization, and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows. Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design, with each period lasting 28 days. Cows were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: Control diet (CON, a totally mixed ration without tannin supplements), control diet supplemented with 3% bayberry condensed tannins (BCT), control diet supplemented with 3% Acacia mangium condensed tannins (ACT), and control diet supplemented with 3% valonia hydrolyzed tannins (VHT). Dietary treatments did not significantly affect nutrient intake, milk yield or composition, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen utilization efficiency, or plasma concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, total protein, and globulin, or the albumin-to-globulin ratio. Tannin supplements decreased the apparent total tract nutrient digestibility to varying degrees and significantly decreased the milk and blood urea nitrogen contents (p < 0.05). Tannin supplements altered nitrogen excretion routes in lactating dairy cows, and BCT significantly decreased the urinary nitrogen excretion (p = 0.04). Compared with the CON, ACT, and VHT diets, BCT yielded the highest nitrogen retention and nitrogen retention-to-digestible nitrogen ratio despite having a similar nitrogen utilization efficiency (p < 0.05). Bayberry condensed tannin supplementation may be a potential way to improve nitrogen utilization and reduce concerns regarding nitrogen excretion in dairy cows.

Problems involved in the utilization of alkali-treated fibrous roughages 1. The effects of level of roughage and protein in the diet and neutralization of residual alkali

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Drori ◽  
Y. Folman
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Levels

ABSTRACTWheat straw treated with 35 g NaOH per kg was offered to male calves at three levels: 300 (A), 500 (B), and 700 (C) g/kg diet, in a metabolism trial and in a feeding trial. In the former the wheat straw was offered either neutralized with HC1 (N) or unneutralized (U), in six subtreatments (AN, BN, CN, AU, BU and CU) in a 3 × 2 factorial design to a total of 24 calves. Dry-matter intake per kg W0·73was 123, 108, 104, 122, 105 and 91 g/day, and the digestibility of the organic matter of the straw was 0·388, 0·616, 0·629, 0·385, 0·528 and 0·544 respectively. The apparent digestibility of the crude protein of the straw was negative. Nitrogen retention per kg W0·73was 0·91, 0·58, 0·52, 0·97, 0·57 and 0·50 g/day, respectively.In the feeding trial, unneutralized, NaOH-treated wheat straw was offered to a total of 84 calves for 100 days at the above three levels with two protein levels: standard, 120 g/kg (S) and high, 140 g/kg (H), in six subtreatments (AS, BS, CS, AH, BH and CH) in a 3 × 2 factorial design. The concentrates were pelleted. From day 101 to slaughter all the calves were offered one finishing diet.Level of protein had no effect on performance. Increasing the levels of straw in the first 100 days sharply reduced average daily gains; these were 1 074, 825 and 583 g, respectively. However, the respective average daily gains on the finishing diet were 1 131, 1 272 and 1 316 g, indicating a considerable amount of compensatory growth.

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