scholarly journals PSV-20 Effects of fortified yeast cell wall extract on growth and health of newly weaned pigs under chronic dietary challenges of aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Debora Muratori Holanda ◽  
Alexandros Yiannikouris ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Cell Wall Extract ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Pigs are highly susceptible to both aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol. The study aim at investigating the effects of a fortified yeast cell wall extract (YCW-DTX; Mycosorb D+, Alltech, Lexington, KY) on growth and health of newly weaned pigs under chronic dietary challenges of aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol. Forty-eight newly weaned pigs (21 d old) were individually housed and allotted to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (sex; initial BW) with 2 factors for 35 d based on 3 phases. Two factors were mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol: 0 or 2 mg/kg during all phases and aflatoxin: 0 or 0.2 mg/kg during phase 3) and YCW-DTX (0 or 0.2%). On d 35, all pigs were euthanized to collect mucosal tissues from the jejunum to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a and IL-8) and oxidative damage markers (malondialdehydes and protein carbonyls). Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS. Mycotoxins reduced (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG during the entire period whereas YCW-DTX did not affect growth performance of pigs. Mycotoxins reduced (P < 0.05) serum albumin, creatinine, ALT, and total protein concentrations whereas YCW-DTX increased (P < 0.05) glucose, decreased (P < 0.05) CPK, and tended to decrease AST (P = 0.051) and BUN/creatinine (P = 0.087) in serum. Neither mycotoxins nor YCW-DTX affected pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage markers in jejunal mucosal tissues. In conclusion, mycotoxins impaired growth performance and hepatic function of newly weaned pigs. The commercial additive partly improved hepatic function and maintained growth performance.

scholarly journals PSXIV-42 Late-Breaking: Effects of yeast cell wall product on growth performance, immune responses, and gene expression of tight junction proteins of weaned pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
Hyunjin Kyoung ◽  
Myungwoo Cho ◽  
Hanbae Lee ◽  
Sangwoo Park ◽  
Joowon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract The study was conducted to investigate effects of yeast cell wall product on growth performance, immune responses, and gene expression of tight junction proteins of weaned pigs. A total of 112 weaned pigs (7.98 ± 0.43 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen; 7 replicates/treatments) for 4 weeks in a randomized complete block design (block = BW). Dietary treatments were 1) a commercial basal nursery diet (CON) and 2) CON + 0.05% yeast cell wall product (YCW, EasyBio Inc., Seoul, Korea). Blood was collected from one randomly selected pig per pen on d 0, 7, and 14 after weaning. The randomly selected one pig per replicate was euthanized to collect ileum tissue samples at the end of the experimental period. Measurements were growth performance, number of white blood cells (WBC) by an automated hematology analyzer calibrated for porcine blood, cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by the ELISA, and gene expression of tight junction in ileum tissues. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. The statistical model for every measurement included dietary effect and BW as a covariate. Pigs fed YCW had higher (P &lt; 0.10) ADG than those fed CON during overall experimental period. Pigs fed YCW had lower WBC on d 14 (P &lt; 0.10), TNF-α on d 7 (P &lt; 0.10), and decreased IL-1β on d 14 (P &lt; 0.05) than those fed CON. In addition, The YCW increased (P &lt; 0.05) expression of Claudin family, Occludin, Muc1, INF-α, and IL-6, but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) expression of TNF-α genes in the ileum tissues compared with CON. In conclusion, addition of yeast cell wall product in the nursery diet improved growth performance and gut health and modified immune responses of weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Efficacy of a Postbiotic Yeast Cell Wall-Based Blend on Newly-Weaned Pigs under a Dietary Challenge of Multiple Mycotoxins with Emphasis on Deoxynivalenol

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Debora Muratori Holanda ◽  
Alexandros Yiannikouris ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Two Factors

Pigs are highly susceptible to mycotoxins. This study investigated the effects of a postbiotic yeast cell wall-based blend (PYCW; Nicholasville, KY, USA) on growth and health of newly-weaned pigs under dietary challenge of multiple mycotoxins. Forty-eight newly-weaned pigs (21 d old) were individually allotted to four dietary treatments, based on a three phase-feeding, in a randomized complete block design (sex; initial BW) with two factors for 36 d. Two factors were dietary mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol: 2000 μg/kg supplemented in three phases; and aflatoxin: 200 μg/kg supplemented only in phase 3) and PYCW (0.2%). Growth performance (weekly), blood serum (d 34), and jejunal mucosa immune and oxidative stress markers (d 36) data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS. Mycotoxins reduced (p < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) during the entire period whereas PYCW did not affect growth performance. Mycotoxins reduced (p < 0.05) serum protein, albumin, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase whereas PYCW decreased (p < 0.05) serum creatine phosphokinase. Neither mycotoxins nor PYCW affected pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage markers in the jejunal mucosa. No interaction was observed indicating that PYCW improved hepatic enzymes regardless of mycotoxin challenge. In conclusion, deoxynivalenol (2000 μg/kg, for 7 to 25 kg body weight) and aflatoxin B1 (200 μg/kg, for 16 to 25 kg body weight) impaired growth performance and nutrient digestibility of newly-weaned pigs, whereas PYCW could partially improve health of pigs regardless of mycotoxin challenge.

scholarly journals Dietary Yeast Cell Wall Improves Growth Performance and Prevents of Diarrhea of Weaned Pigs by Enhancing Gut Health and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2269
Author(s):  
Jeong Jae Lee ◽  
Hyunjin Kyoung ◽  
Jin Ho Cho ◽  
Jeehwan Choe ◽  
Younghoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Tnf Α

Dietary yeast cell wall products (YCW) are recognized as a feed additive due to multifunctional benefits by the biological response modulators. Thus, this study was conducted to verify a potential advantage of YCW for improving growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health and microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 112 weaned pigs (7.99 ± 1.10 kg of body weight; 28 days old) were arbitrarily allocated to two experimental treatments with eight pigs (four barrows and four gilts) per pen and seven replicate pens per treatment in a completely randomized block design (block = BW and sex): (1) a basal diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and (2) CON + 0.05% YCW. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. There were no differences in final body weight, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio between dietary treatments. In contrast, pigs fed YCW had higher average daily gain (p = 0.088) and apparent ileal digestibility of DM (p < 0.05) and energy (p = 0.052) and lower diarrhea frequency (p = 0.083) than those fed control diet (CON). Pigs fed YCW also had a higher (p < 0.05) ratio between villus height and crypt depth, villus width and area, and goblet cell counts in the duodenum and/or jejunum than those fed CON. Dietary YCW decreased (p < 0.05) serum TNF-α and IL–1β of weaned pigs on day 7 and 14, respectively, compared with CON. Furthermore, pigs fed YCW had higher (p < 0.05) ileal gene expression of claudin family, occludin, MUC1, INF-γ, and IL-6 and lower (p < 0.05) that of TNF-α than those fed CON. Lastly, there were no differences in the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level between CON and YCW. However, dietary YCW increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of genera Prevotella and Roseburia compared with CON. This study provided that dietary YCW improved growth rate, nutritional digestibility, and intestinal health and modified immune responses and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Distinct Effects of Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Cell Wall Component-Induced Inflammation on the Iron Metabolism of THP-1 Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Edina Pandur ◽  
Kitti Tamási ◽  
Ramóna Pap ◽  
Gergely Jánosa ◽  
Katalin Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Iron Storage Proteins ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Macrophages are essential immune cells of the innate immune system. They participate in the development and regulation of inflammation. Macrophages play a fundamental role in fighting against bacterial infections by phagocytosis of bacteria, and they also have a specific role in immunomodulation by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. In bacterial infection, macrophages decrease the serum iron concentration by removing iron from the blood, acting as one of the most important regulatory cells of iron homeostasis. We examined whether the Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell wall components from various bacterial strains affect the cytokine production and iron transport, storage and utilization of THP-1 monocytes in different ways. We found that S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was less effective in activating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression that may related to its effect on fractalkine production. LTA-treated cells increased iron uptake through divalent metal transporter-1, but did not elevate the expression of cytosolic and mitochondrial iron storage proteins, suggesting that the cells maintained iron efflux via the ferroportin iron exporter. E. coli and P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) acted similarly on THP-1 cells, but the rates of the alterations of the examined proteins were different. E. coli LPS was more effective in increasing the pro-inflammatory cytokine production, meanwhile it caused less dramatic alterations in iron metabolism. P. aeruginosa LPS-treated cells produced a smaller amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but caused remarkable elevation of both cytosolic and mitochondrial iron storage proteins and intracellular iron content compared to E. coli LPS. These results prove that LPS molecules from different bacterial sources alter diverse molecular mechanisms in macrophages that prepossess the outcome of the bacterial infection.

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