scholarly journals 137 Effects of dietary supplementation with xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 115-115
Author(s):  
M E Duarte ◽  
J Tyus ◽  
S W Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract This study was to evaluate the supplemental effects of xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs. One hundred and forty-four pigs at 3 weeks of age with an initial body weight (BW) at 6.47 ± 0.03 kg were allotted (4 pigs per pen) to 3 dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design with sex (gilts and barrow) and initial BW as blocks. The treatments were CON (no supplement), XYL (xylanase at 10,000 XU/kg, Xylamax, BRI, Durham, NC), and PRO (Bacillus spp. 6 x 109 CFU/kg plus xylanase 10,000 XU/kg, EnzaPro, BRI). All diets met the NRC (2012) requirements in 3 phases (P1 for 7 d, P2 for 14 d, and P3 for 14 d). The ADG, ADFI, and G/F were measured weekly. On d 21, 1 pig representing a median BW of each pen was euthanized to collect jejunal samples to measure the immune and oxidative stress status, microbiome, and histology. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Treatment was a fixed effect and blocks were random effects. There were no fixed effects among treatments on growth performance, immune and oxidative stress status, and histology. Use of xylanase increased (P < 0.05) the Chao1 index in jejunal mucosa of pigs (24.6 to 29.5). Relative abundance of the Enterobacteriaceae in jejunal mucosa tended to decrease (P = 0.083) with the use of xylanase (16.2 to 1.6%). The PRO increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Mitsuokella compared with others treatments (0.9 vs. 4.8%). In conclusion, supplementation of xylanase or Mitsuokella can enhance the microbiome in jejunal mucosa by increasing the diversity and beneficial bacterial abundance, whereas by reducing pathogenic bacterial abundance without affecting the growth performance, histology, immune, and oxidative stress status.

scholarly journals 371 Effects of dietary supplementation with lauric acid and AviPlusS on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 133-134
Author(s):  
M E Duarte ◽  
E Grilli ◽  
S W Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Microbiome Data

Abstract This study was to determine the supplemental effects of lauric acid and a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals (AviPlusS, Vetagro, Chicago, IL) on growth performance and gut health in newly weaned pigs. Ninety-six pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts, 21 d-of-age, 6.5 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly allotted (3 pigs/ pen) to 4 treatments in RCBD arranged by 2 factors: lauric acid (0 or 0.1%) and AviPlusS (0 or 0.3%). Initial BW and sex were blocks. Diets met the NRC (2012) requirements, medicated, included ZnO, and prepared in 3 phases (phase 1 for 7 d; phase 2 for 11 d; and phase 3 for 14 d). At the end of each phase, ADG, ADFI, and G:F was measured. On d 32, 1 pig representing the median BW of each pen was euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa to analyze immune and oxidative stress status and microbiome. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Two factors were fixed effects and blocks were random effects. Overall performance was not affected by 2 factors. Combinational use of lauric acid and AviPlusS tended to increase (P = 0.053) the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae (18.11 vs. 9.59 and 10.26%). Lauric acid tended to reduce (P = 0.081) the relative abundance of Methylobacteriaceae (10.34 to 6.30%). Lauric acid tended to increase (P = 0.083) the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae (2.05 to 9.28%) which tended to be reduced (P = 0.078) when combined with AviPlusS. Combinational use of lauric acid and AviPlusS increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (23.34 vs. 13.21 and 17.56%) compared with the use of lauric acid or AviPlusS alone. Collectively, lauric acid can modulate the microbiome to enhance gut health, which can be further enhanced when combined with AviPlusS.

scholarly journals 173 Lysed Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass from lysine production as a novel feed additive to enhance gut health and growth of newly-weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Yi-Chi Cheng ◽  
Marcos E Duarte ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the functional and nutritional values of Corynebacterium glutamicum Cell Mass (CGCM) on growth performance and gut health of newly-weaned pigs. Forty newly-weaned pigs (21 d of age; initial BW 7.1 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments based on randomized complete block design with sex and BW as blocks. The lysine broth of CGCM (CJ Bio, Fort Dodge, IA) was homogenized by using French press and dried to obtain lysed CGCM. Dietary treatments were: basal diet with lysed CGCM at 0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1%, and with 1.4% intact CGCM. Experimental diets were formulated based on nutrient requirements (NRC, 2012) and pigs were fed based on 2 phases (10 and 11 d for each phase). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to phase 2 diets as an indigestible external marker to calculate nutrient digestibility. Feed intake and BW were measured at d 0, 10, and 21. Pigs were euthanized on d 21 to collect proximal and distal jejunal mucosa to measure TNF-α, IL-8, MDA, IgA, and IgG concentrations. Diets and ileal digesta were collected to measure AID. Data were analyzed by SAS using MIXED, REG, and GLM procedures. Overall, increasing daily lysed CGCM intake increased (P < 0.05) ADG (211 to 296 g) and ADFI (432 to 501 g). Increasing levels of lysed CGCM decreased (P < 0.05) MDA and changed (quadratic, P < 0.05) IgA (max: 4.90 ng/mg at 1.13%) and IgG (max: 3.37 ng/mg at 1.04%) in the proximal jejunal mucosa. Increasing daily lysed CGCM intake had quadratic effect (P< 0.05) of protein carbonyl (max: 6.3 μmol/mg at 4.9 g/d). Lysed CGCM potentially benefits growth performance and gut health of newly-weaned pigs by reducing oxidative stress and increasing immune response.

PSVII-2 Effects of xylanase and its optimal supplementation level on viscosity of jejunal digesta, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 407-408
Author(s):  
Vitor Hugo C Moita ◽  
Sung Woo Kim ◽  
Marcos E Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

Abstract This study aimed to determine supplemental effects of xylanase (endo-β-1,4-xylanase, CJ BIO, Korea) and its optimal supplementation level on viscosity of jejunal digesta, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and growth performance of pigs. Sixty weaned pigs (6.9 ± 0.8 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 5 treatments based on a RCBD with initial BW and sex as block and fed in 3 phases (P1/2/3 for 10/14/14 d, respectively). Dietary treatment were the supplementation levels of xylanase providing (0, 220, 440, 880, and 1,760 XU/kg feed). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to P3 diets as an indigestible marker to measure AID. On d 38, all pigs were euthanized to collect ileal and jejunal digesta to measure AID and viscosity, respectively; jejunal mucosa and tissue to measure intestinal health parameters. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Xylanase supplementation from 0 to 350 XU/kg increased (P < 0.05) ADG (596 to 746 g/d) during the last week, whereas there was no effect by xylanase on the overall growth performance. Increasing xylanase supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) digesta viscosity (1.91 to 1.48 mPa.s); increased (P < 0.05) the AID of EE (83.9 to 89.5%), NDF (52.9 to 56.9%) and ADF (35.3 to 39.3%); tended to reduce Cupriavidus (P = 0.073; 1.33 to 0.63%) and Megasphaera (P = 0.063; 1.26 to 0.23%); and tended to increase Succinivibrio (P = 0.076; 1.10 to 2.71%) and Pseudomonas (P = 0.060; 4.89 to 13.29%). Xylanase supplementation from 0 to 520 XU/kg reduced (P < 0.05) jejunal MDA (0.99 to 0.58 µmol/mg protein). In conclusion, xylanase supplementation showed benefits on intestinal health by reducing digesta viscosity, oxidative stress status, and harmful bacteria in the jejunal mucosa and by increasing the AID of nutrients. Xylanase supplementation at a range of 350 to 520 XU/kg feed provided the most benefits.

scholarly journals Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Zhaohai Wu ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Systemic Immunity

Abstract Background Previous research has shown that dietary supplementation of Bacillus spp. probiotics exerts beneficial effects on animals’ growth. However, limited studies have evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus spp. on weaned pigs and their effects on host gut health and microbiome, and systemic immunity using a disease challenge model. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of two Bacillus spp. strains (Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 and Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal health, microbiome, and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Results Pigs in PRO1 (Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540) had greater (P < 0.05) body weight on d 7 and 14 PI, greater (P < 0.05) ADG from d 0 to 7 and d 7 to 14 PI, compared with pigs in CON (Control). Pigs in PRO1 had milder (P < 0.05) diarrhea on d 2 and 3 PI compared with pigs in CON. However, no differences were observed in growth performance and diarrhea score between PRO2 (Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539) and CON groups. Supplementation of PRO1 decreased (P < 0.05) lymphocyte counts on d 7 and 14 PI, compared with CON. Supplementation of PRO1 and PRO2 both reduced (P < 0.05) total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 21 PI. Pigs in PRO2 had greater (P < 0.05) goblet cell number and sulfomucin percentage in duodenal villi and greater (P < 0.05) sialomucin percentage in jejunal villi than pigs in CON. Supplementation of PRO1 up-regulated (P < 0.05) MUC2 gene expression in jejunal mucosa and reduced (P < 0.05) PTGS-2 and IL1B gene expression in ileal mucosa on d 21 PI, compared with CON. Pigs in PRO1 had reduced (P < 0.05) relative abundance of families Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Pasteurellaceae in the ileum. Conclusions Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improved growth performance, alleviated diarrhea severity, enhanced gut health, and reduced systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with ETEC F18. Although Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539 was able to alleviate systemic inflammation, it had limited impacts on growth performance and severity of diarrhea of ETEC F18 challenged weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Mycotoxin Detoxifiers on Health and Growth of Newly-Weaned Pigs under Chronic Dietary Challenge of Deoxynivalenol

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Muratori Holanda ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Functional Components

The efficacy of yeast-based mycotoxin detoxifiers on health and growth performance of newly-weaned pigs (27-d-old) fed diets naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol was investigated. Sixty pigs were individually assigned to five treatments for 34 d: NC (negative control, 1.2 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol); PC (positive control, 3.2 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol); CYC (PC + clay/yeast culture-based product, 0.2%); CYE (PC + clay/yeast cell wall/plant extracts/antioxidants-based product, 0.2%); and CYB (PC + clay/inactivated yeast/botanicals/antioxidants-based product, 0.2%). Blood and jejunal mucosa were sampled, and data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS with pre-planned contrasts. Deoxynivalenol reduced the average daily gain (ADG) in phase 3. Pigs fed CYC had greater overall ADG, average daily feed intake during phase 3, and gain to feed ratio during phase 2 than PC. At d 14, deoxynivalenol reduced blood urea nitrogen/creatinine and tended to reduce blood urea nitrogen. Pigs fed CYB tended to have greater aspartate aminotransferase than PC. At d 34, pigs fed CYC and CYB tended to have lower serum creatine phosphokinase than PC. Pigs fed CYE had lower blood urea nitrogen/creatinine than PC. In jejunal mucosa, deoxynivalenol tended to increase malondialdehydes and decrease glutathione. Pigs fed CYE and CYB had lower malondialdehydes, pigs fed CYB had greater glutathione and tended to have lower immunoglobulin A than PC. Pigs fed CYC and CYE tended to have lower interleukin 8 than PC. In summary, deoxynivalenol challenge (1.2 vs. 3.2 mg/kg) mildly compromised growth performance and increased the oxidative stress of pigs. Mycotoxin detoxifiers could partially overcome deoxynivalenol toxicity enhancing liver health, whereas CYE and CYB reduced oxidative stress, and CYC and CYB reduced immune activation. In conclusion, yeast-based detoxifiers with functional components as clay/inactivated yeast/botanicals/antioxidants had increased detoxifying properties in newly-weaned pigs challenged with deoxynivalenol, potentially by enhancing adsorbability, immune function, gut health, and reducing oxidative stress.

scholarly journals 179 Efficacy and safety of amino acids with biomass for growth and health of newly-weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Yi-Chi Cheng ◽  
Marcos E Duarte ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to test the efficacy of L-Thr or L-Val with biomass (ThrPro or ValPro; CJ BIO, Fort Dodge, IA) on growth performance and health compared with L-Thr or L-Val (purified) in newly-weaned pigs. There were 9 dietary treatments based on NRC (2012) requirements: NC (basal diet meeting 70% of requirements for SID Thr and Val); 4 treatments based on basal diet meeting 95% of requirements: LT (with L-Thr), LV (with L-Val), PT (with ThrPro), and PV (with ValPro); HLT (fivefold L-Thr in LT), HLV (fivefold L-Val in LV), HPT (fivefold ThrPro in PT), and HPV (fivefold ValPro in PV). Pigs were fed for 26 d in 2 phases. Feed intake and BW were measured at d 0, 5, 10, 17, and 26. Blood was collected on d 21 for liver function analysis. Pigs were euthanized on d 26 to collect jejunal mucosa for gut health parameters. Data were analyzed by SAS using MIXED procedure. Pigs fed LT and LV or PT and PV had higher (P &lt; 0.05) ADG than pigs fed NC during phase 2. Pigs fed LT, LV, PT, and PV had higher ADFI and G:F than pigs fed NC during d 17 to 26. Pigs fed PT and PV had lower (P &lt; 0.05) G:F than pigs fed HPT and HPV during phase 2. Pigs fed LT and LV or PT and PV had lower (P &lt; 0.05) BUN than pigs fed NC. Overall, pigs fed PT and PV had no differences in any analyzed measurements from pigs fed LT and LV and pigs fed HPT and HPV. In conclusion, PT and PV were equally efficient to LT and LV for growth performance and health. HPT and HPV did not impair liver and gut health compared with PT and PV.

PSXVI-3 Supplemental effects of Bacillus sp. in prevention of post-weaning diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic F18+ Escherichia coli in nursery pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
Marcos E Duarte ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract This study investigated the effects of Bacillus sp. on intestinal health and prevention of diarrhea by F18+ Escherichia coli (ETEC) in nursery pigs. Forty-eight weaned pigs (7.9 ± 0.5 kg BW) were allotted to 4 treatments with 12 replicates (NC: no-challenge; PC: challenge/no-treat; BMD: challenge/bacitracin; BAC: challenge/Bacillus sp. at 109 CFU/kg feed). All pigs were fed diets for 28 d. At d 7, challenged groups were orally inoculated with ETEC (1.8 × 1010 CFU) and NC group received sterile solution. Growth performance was analyzed weekly and pigs were euthanized on d 28 to measure intestinal health. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. There were no difference on growth performance among treatments during pre-challenge period. From d 7 to 14, PC tended to reduce (P = 0.067) ADG (352 to 440 g/d), whereas no effect was observed during the overall period. The PC increased (P &lt; 0.05) fecal score at d 7 (post-challenge) (4.1 to 3.3) and d 8 (4.1 to 3.3), whereas BMD decreased (P &lt; 0.05) it at d 9 (4.3 to 3.5) and d 11 (3.8 to 3.3). The PC increased (P &lt; 0.05) MDA (0.56 to 0.30 μmol/mg protein) and tended to increase TNFα (P = 0.084; 0.89 to 1.04 pg/mg protein), whereas BMD and BAC reduced (P &lt; 0.05) MDA (0.56 to 0.31, 0.29 μmol/mg protein) and TNFα (1.04 to 0.81, 0.77 pg/mg protein) in jejunal mucosa. The PC reduced (P &lt; 0.05) α-diversity (Chao1: 32.3 to 19.4), whereas BAC increased it (Chao1: 19.4 to 30.7) whereas BMD increased (P &lt; 0.05) it (Shannon: 1.85 to 2.44; Simpson: 0.55 to 0.70) of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. In conclusion, ETEC challenge caused diarrhea, increased immune response, and oxidative stress by disrupting mucosa-associated microbiota. The BMD and BAC reduced jejunal immune response and oxidative stress by restoring mucosa-associated microbiota.

Effects of Montmorillonite on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Stress of Red-Crowned Crane (Grus japonensis) Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 626-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Liu ◽  
Qinghua Wu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Changhu Lu ◽  
Chao Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Regular Diet ◽  
Grus Japonensis ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is one of the most vulnerable bird species in the world. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and considered naturally unavoidable contaminants in animal feed. Our recent survey indicated that the mycotoxins had the potential to contaminate redcrowned crane’s regular diets in China. Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effects of mycotoxin binder montmorillonite (Mont) on growth performance, serum biochemistry and oxidative stress parameters of the red-crowned crane. Methods: 16 red-crowned cranes were divided into four groups and fed one of the following diets; a selected diet, regular diet, or the selected diet or regular diet with 0.5% montmorillonite added to the diets. The cranes' parameters of performance, hematology, serum biochemistry and serum oxidative stress were measured. Results: Consuming regular diets decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI), levels of haemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), but increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The supplementation of 0.5% Mont provided protection for the red-crowned crane in terms of feed intake, serum biochemistry and oxidative stress. Moreover, Mont supplementation had no adverse effect on the health of red-crowned crane. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggested that the addition of dietary Mont is effective in improving the health of red-crowned crane.

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