scholarly journals NOX2 Expression Is Increased in Keratinocytes After Burn Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-432
Author(s):  
H Ibrahim Korkmaz ◽  
Magda M W Ulrich ◽  
Gülbahar Çelik ◽  
Wessel N Van Wieringen ◽  
Paul P M Van Zuijlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Suprabasal Layer ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Esterase Inhibitor

Abstract Reepithelialization is crucial for effective wound repair in burn wounds. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have shown to be important in this. Recent studies suggest that NOX proteins produce ROS in keratinocytes. In the present study, we have studied NOX proteins in burn wounds, including the effect of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1inh) hereon, which is the endogenous inhibitor of complement activity whereof we have shown previously that it also increased the rate of reepithelialization in burn wounds. Skin tissue derived from healthy control Wistar rats (n = 6) were compared with burn-injured rats, with (n = 7) or without C1inh treatment (n = 7). After 14 days, rats were terminated. From the burn-injured rats, the entire wound and nonburned skin from the hind leg, that is, internal control was excised. From the control rats, dorsal skin was excised. In these skin samples, NOX2 and NOX4 were analyzed immunohistochemically. In nonburned rats, NOX2 was found in keratinocytes in both the basal layer and suprabasal layer of the epidermis; and the number of NOX2-positive keratinocytes was 367/mm2 (254–378). In burned rats, the number of NOX2-positive keratinocytes was significantly increased in the newly forming epidermis in the burned area to 1019/mm2 (649–1172), especially in the suprabasal layer, but significantly decreased in remote nonburned skin to 22/mm2 (6–89). C1inh treatment counteracted these changes in epidermal NOX2 expression in burned rats, both in the burned area as in remote nonburned skin. No NOX4 expression was found in the epidermis in none of the groups. NOX2 expression was increased in keratinocytes in newly forming epidermis after burn injury. C1inh, a drug that increases the rate of reepithelialization, counteracted this effect. These results suggest a role for NOX2 in the reepithelialization of burn wounds.

670 Delayed Enzymatic Debridement of Burn Wounds using the Proteolytic Gel SN514

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S191-S192
Author(s):  
Angela R Jockheck-Clark ◽  
Randolph Stone ◽  
Michelle Holik ◽  
Lucy Schaffer ◽  
Shanmugasundaram Natesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Contamination Levels

Abstract Introduction Thermal burns account for 5–10% of casualties sustained in present-day conflicts and are expected to be one of the most common wounds to occur in future conflicts. In prolonged field care (PFC) situations, medical evacuation could be delayed for days. During this time, burn wounds can become infected, detrimentally impact neighboring tissue, and cause systemic immune responses. Therefore, it is essential to test and evaluate non-surgical debridement agents that could be implemented prior to reaching a Role 3 military treatment facility. This work details how the proprietary proteolytic gel SN514 impacts burn debridement when applied within a PFC-like timeline. SN514 contains an enzyme formulation that is thermostable, easy to apply, and selectively degrades non-viable tissue in vitro and in vivo. Methods Deep-partial thickness contact burns were created using an established porcine model and covered with gauze or an antimicrobial incise drape. Four days later, the burns were treated with one of five treatments: 0.2% SN514, 0.8% SN514, a vehicle control, gauze, or an antimicrobial silver dressing. Treatments were re-applied every 24 hours for 72 to 96 hours. The effects of the treatment regiments were compared histologically. Biopsies were also taken to monitor bacterial contamination levels. Results Burns treated with SN514 were partially debrided and visually distinct from those treated with gauze, the silver dressing, or the vehicle control. Preliminary analyses suggest that SN514-treated burns that had been covered with “dry” gauze had a much lower debridement efficiency than those treated with the incise drape. This suggests that SN514 debridement efficiency may depend on the presence of a moist eschar. Preliminary analyses also suggest that there was little difference in burn wound bacterial counts among the five treatment groups. Conclusions SN514 is able to debride burns that experienced delayed treatment, without any evidence of harm to the surrounding tissue or evidence of exacerbating the original burn injury. SN514-treated wounds displayed little to no blood loss and did not increase burn wound infection levels compared to wounds treated with gauze or an antimicrobial silver dressing.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Silver-Based Electrospun Antimicrobial Dressing in Accelerating the Regeneration of Partial Thickness Burn Wounds Using a Porcine Model

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3116
Author(s):  
Thien Do ◽  
Tien Nguyen ◽  
Minh Ho ◽  
Nghi Nguyen ◽  
Thai Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Partial Thickness Burn ◽  
Tissue Damages

(1) Background: Wounds with damages to the subcutaneous are difficult to regenerate because of the tissue damages and complications such as bacterial infection. (2) Methods: In this study, we created burn wounds on pigs and investigated the efficacy of three biomaterials: polycaprolactone-gelatin-silver membrane (PCLGelAg) and two commercial burn dressings, Aquacel® Ag and UrgoTulTM silver sulfadiazine. In vitro long-term antibacterial property and in vivo wound healing performance were investigated. Agar diffusion assays were employed to evaluate bacterial inhibition at different time intervals. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assays were used to compare antibacterial strength among samples. Second-degree burn wounds in the pig model were designed to evaluate the efficiency of all dressings in supporting the wound healing process. (3) Results: The results showed that PCLGelAg membrane was the most effective in killing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria bacteria with the lowest MBC value. All three dressings (PCLGelAg, Aquacel, and UrgoTul) exhibited bactericidal effect during the first 24 h, supported wound healing as well as prevented infection and inflammation. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that the PCLGelAg membrane is a practical solution for the treatment of severe burn injury and other infection-related skin complications.

Dermal Nanoemulsion Treatment Reduces Burn Wound Conversion and Improves Skin Healing in a Porcine Model of Thermal Burn Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav A Dolgachev ◽  
Susan Ciotti ◽  
Emma Liechty ◽  
Benjamin Levi ◽  
Stewart C Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Partial Thickness ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation

Abstract Objective Burn wound progression is an inflammation driven process where an initial partial-thickness thermal burn wound can evolve over time to a full-thickness injury. We have developed an oil-in-water nanoemulsion formulation (NB-201) containing benzalkonium chloride for use in burn wounds that is antimicrobial and potentially inhibits burn wound progression. We used a porcine burn injury model to evaluate the effect of topical nanoemulsion treatment on burn wound conversion and healing. Methods Anesthetized swine received thermal burn wounds using a 25cm 2 surface area copper bar heated to 80 oC. Three different concentrations of NB-201 (10%, 20%, or 40% nanoemulsion), silver sulfadiazine cream or saline were applied to burned skin immediately after injury and on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 18 post-injury. Digital images and skin biopsies were taken at each dressing change. Skin biopsy samples were stained for histological evaluation and graded. Skin tissue samples were also assayed for mediators of inflammation. Results Dermal treatment with NB-201 diminished thermal burn wound conversion to a full-thickness injury as determined by both histological and visual evaluation. Comparison of epithelial restoration on day 21 showed that 77.8% of the nanoemulsion treated wounds had an epidermal injury score of 0 compared to 16.7% of the silver sulfadiazine treated burns (p=0.01). Silver sulfadiazine cream and saline treated wounds (controls) converted to full-thickness burns by day 4. Histological evaluation revealed reduced inflammation and evidence of skin injury in NB-201 treated sites compared to control wounds. The nanoemulsion treated wounds often healed with complete regrowth of epithelium and no loss of hair follicles (NB-201: 4.8±2.1, saline: 0±0, silver sulfadiazine: 0±0 hair follicles per 4mm biopsy section, p<0.05). Production of inflammatory mediators and sequestration of neutrophils were also inhibited by NB-201. Conclusions Topically applied NB-201 prevented the progression of a partial-thickness burn wound to full-thickness injury and was associated with a concurrent decrease in dermal inflammation.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species and NOX Enzymes Are Emerging as Key Players in Cutaneous Wound Repair

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik André-Lévigne ◽  
Ali Modarressi ◽  
Michael Pepper ◽  
Brigitte Pittet-Cuénod
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cutaneous Wound ◽  
Key Players

scholarly journals The evolution of acute burn care – retiring the split skin graft

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Skin Graft ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Split Skin

The skin graft was born in 1869 and since then, surgeons have been using split skin grafts for wound repair. Nevertheless, this asset fails the big burn patient, who deserves an elastic, mobile and robust outcome but who receives the poorest possible outcome based on donor site paucity. Negating the need for the skin graft requires an autologous composite cultured skin and a material capable of temporising the burn wound for four weeks until the composite is produced. A novel, biodegradable polyurethane chemistry has been used to create two such products. This paper describes the design, production, optimisation and evaluation of several iterations of these products. The evaluation has occurred in a variety of models, both in vitro and in vivo, employing Hunterian scientific principles, and embracing Hunter’s love and appreciation of comparative anatomy. The process has culminated in significant human experience in complex wounds and extensive burn injury. Used serially, the products offer robust and elastic healing in deep burns of any size within 6 weeks of injury.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ischaemia Modified Albumin as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Beta Thalassemia Major Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
K Jagadish Kumar ◽  
Smriti Bhagiratha ◽  
Prashanth Vishwanath
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Regression Relationship ◽  
Healthy Control

Introduction: Iron overload in thalassemia catalyses the production of a variety of reactive oxygen species leading to cumulative cell damage. Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is an end product of oxidative stress. It is imperative to pick up oxidative stress early in order to prevent the organ damage in thalassemia. Therefore this study was undertaken to estimate IMA levels and to see the correlation between ferritin and IMA to establish whether ferritin can be a proxy marker for oxidative stress. Methods: A total of 76 children were included in the study out of which 46 were diagnosed cases of β- Thalassemia major and 30 formed the healthy controls. Pre transfusion haemoglobin, AST, ALT, ferritin and IMA levels were estimated and compared with healthy control children. Correlation was drawn between haemoglobin, AST, ALT, ferritin with IMA. Results: There is significant elevation in the level of IMA and ferritin in children with Thalassemia major as compared to the healthy controls (p = < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between ferritin and IMA and a significant negative correlation between haemoglobin % and IMA. Regression relationship between ferritin and IMA established that IMA (ng/ mL) = 246.118 + 0.829 (Ferritin ng/dL). Conclusions: IMA levels were significantly elevated in β- thalassemia major children and correlated positively with ferritin levels. By establishing a regression relationship between ferritin and IMA levels, we can fairly estimate the levels of IMA. Hence, we can utilise ferritin as a proxy marker of oxidative stress instead of IMA.

Developing a Simple Burn Model in Rats of Different Ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
Bo Zheng ◽  
Chuanan Shen ◽  
Jiachen Sun ◽  
Wenjing Guo ◽  
Yiduo Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Second Degree

Abstract This article describes a simple and safe model of partial and full thickness burn injury in rats of different ages, which will be essential in our future burn research to explore the age-related mechanism of wound repair and new therapies for burn injuries. A self-made metal column, which was heated in a boiling water bath, was applied for different time periods to the lower back of rats of different ages in burn creation. Wounds were observed visibly at different time points postburn. Biopsies were obtained and examined at 72-hour postburn to determine the depth of burns. The contact durations producing the desired depth of injury in the rat model under constant temperature and pressure were: 3 seconds (deep second degree) and 5 seconds (third degree) in 1-month-old rats; 3 seconds (superficial second degree), 5 seconds (deep second degree), and 7–9 seconds (third degree) in 2-month-old rats; 3–5 seconds (superficial second degree), 7–9 seconds (deep second degree), and 11–13 seconds (third degree) in 12- and 18-month-old rats. This reliable and reproducible experimental model produces consistent burn injuries in rats of different ages by regulating the contact durations, which will help us to understand the underlying pathophysiology of burn injuries and develop novel therapeutic modalities for burn patients of different ages.

Monitoring the Progress and Healing Status of Burn Wounds Using Infrared Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 758-766
Author(s):  
Pedro A.A. Castro ◽  
Cassio A. Lima ◽  
Mychel R.P.T. Morais ◽  
Telma M.T. Zorn ◽  
Denise M. Zezell
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Tissue Recovery ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Burns are one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide and the most costly traumatic injuries. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in wound healing is required to accelerate tissue recovery and reduce the health economic impact. However, the standard techniques used to evaluate the biological events associated to wound repair are laborious, time-consuming, and/or require multiple assays/staining. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to monitor the progress and healing status of burn wounds. Burn injuries were induced on Wistar rats by water vapor exposure and biopsied for further histopathological and spectroscopic evaluation at four time-points (3, 7, 14, and 21 days). Spectral data were preprocessed and compared by principal component analysis. Pairwise comparison of post-burn groups to each other revealed that metabolic activity induced by thermal injury decreases as the healing progresses. Higher amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids were evidenced on days 3 and 7 compared to healthy skin and reduced amounts of these molecular structural units on days 14 and 21 post-burn. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to determine the healing status of a wound based on the biochemical information retained by spectral signatures in each phase of healing. Our findings demonstrate that FT-IR spectroscopy can monitor the biological events triggered by burn trauma as well as to detect the wound status including full recovery based on the spectral changes associated to the biochemical events in each phase.

scholarly journals Epoetin Alpha and Epoetin Zeta: A Comparative Study on Stimulation of Angiogenesis and Wound Repair in an Experimental Model of Burn Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Irrera ◽  
Alessandra Bitto ◽  
Gabriele Pizzino ◽  
Mario Vaccaro ◽  
Francesco Squadrito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Conformational Structure ◽  
Epoetin Zeta ◽  
Epoetin Alpha ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Cdk2 Expression ◽  
Stimulation Of

Deep second-degree burns are characterized by delayed formation of granulation tissue and impaired angiogenesis. Erythropoietin (EPO) is able to stimulate angiogenesis and mitosis, activating vascularization and cell cycle. The aim of our study was to investigate whether two biosimilar recombinant human erythropoietins, EPO-αand EPO-Z, may promote these processes in an experimental model of burn injury. A total of 84 mice were used and a scald burn was produced on the back after shaving, in 80°C water for 10 seconds. Mice were then randomized to receive EPO-α(400 units/kg/day/sc) or EPO-Z (400 units/kg/day/sc) or their vehicle (100 μL/day/sc 0.9% NaCl solution). After 12 days, both EPO-αand EPO-Z increased VEGF protein expression. EPO-αcaused an increased cyclin D1/CDK6 and cyclin E/CDK2 expression compared with vehicle and EPO-Z (p<0.001). Our study showed that EPO-αand EPO-Z accelerated wound closure and angiogenesis; however EPO-αresulted more effectively in achieving complete skin regeneration. Our data suggest that EPO-αand EPO-Z are not biosimilars for the wound healing effects. The higher efficacy of EPO-αmight be likely due to its different conformational structure leading to a more efficient cell proliferation and skin remodelling.

Effectiveness and Safety of Compound Polymyxin B Ointment in Treatment of Burn Wounds: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Chin Lu ◽  
Fei-Yu Chang ◽  
Shao-Huan Lan ◽  
Guo-Zhong Lv
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Burn injuries represent a global public health concern. The guidelines for burn care mention that the treatment depends on burn injury depth of tissue, area of wounds, and site on the body. At present, several topical antimicrobial agents are used in treatment of burns wounds as a first choice. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the compound polymyxin B topical agents for treatment of burn wounds. PubMed, the Web of Science, ProQuest and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for articles published until January 2021. The studies that conducted clinical trials comparing compound polymyxin B ointment with other treatment reagent for burn wound treatment were included. A total of 3 outcomes were investigator-assessed clinical response, including mortality, bacterial counts, efficacy and safety.In total, 12 randomized controlled trials, 1 clinical trial, 2 prospective studies, and 1 retrospective study were extracted. The result of mortality showed no significant difference (risk ratio [RR]: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.21-2.31, P = .56); wound healing revealed [RR]:1.59 (95% CI: 1.40-1.81, P &lt; .001); time to heal revealed a mean difference of −5.09 (95% CI: −6.31 to −3.86) days (P &lt; .001); scar incidence was no significantly lower in the treatment group (RR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.38-1.30, P = .26); and adverse event incidence was significantly lower in the treatment group (RR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09-0.72, P &lt; .01. The compound polymyxin B ointment show the effectiveness of increase the wound healing and accelerate the time of healing with fewer adverse effects.

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