Developing a Simple Burn Model in Rats of Different Ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
Bo Zheng ◽  
Chuanan Shen ◽  
Jiachen Sun ◽  
Wenjing Guo ◽  
Yiduo Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Second Degree

Abstract This article describes a simple and safe model of partial and full thickness burn injury in rats of different ages, which will be essential in our future burn research to explore the age-related mechanism of wound repair and new therapies for burn injuries. A self-made metal column, which was heated in a boiling water bath, was applied for different time periods to the lower back of rats of different ages in burn creation. Wounds were observed visibly at different time points postburn. Biopsies were obtained and examined at 72-hour postburn to determine the depth of burns. The contact durations producing the desired depth of injury in the rat model under constant temperature and pressure were: 3 seconds (deep second degree) and 5 seconds (third degree) in 1-month-old rats; 3 seconds (superficial second degree), 5 seconds (deep second degree), and 7–9 seconds (third degree) in 2-month-old rats; 3–5 seconds (superficial second degree), 7–9 seconds (deep second degree), and 11–13 seconds (third degree) in 12- and 18-month-old rats. This reliable and reproducible experimental model produces consistent burn injuries in rats of different ages by regulating the contact durations, which will help us to understand the underlying pathophysiology of burn injuries and develop novel therapeutic modalities for burn patients of different ages.

650 Exploring the Mechanism of Wound Healing in Rats of Different Ages Using a Burn Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S171-S171
Author(s):  
Chuanan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Epidermal Stem Cells ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Second Degree

Abstract Introduction This study attempted to explore the mechanism of wound healing in rats of different ages using an reliable and reproducible burn model. Methods A self-made metal column, heated in a boiling water bath, was applied for different time periods to the lower back of rats of different ages in burn creation. Wounds were observed visibly at different time points post burning. Biopsies were obtained and examined at 72 h post burn to determine the depth of burns. In exploring the mechanism of wound healing in rats of different ages, we used primary antibodies including Anti-EGFR [EP38Y] (ab52894) and p75NTR (D4B3) for immunofluorescence of the skin paraffin sections (5μm) obtained from normal rats and on day 3 post burn creation. And we measured the expression of CD271 and EGFR. Results The contact durations producing the desired depth of injury in the rat model under constant temperature and pressure were: 3 seconds (deep second degree) and 5 seconds (third degree) in 1-month-old rats; 3 seconds (superficial second degree), 5 seconds (deep second degree), and 7–9 seconds (third degree) in 2-month-old rats; 3–5 seconds (superficial second degree), 7–9 seconds (deep second degree), and 11–13 seconds (third degree) in 12- and 18-month-old rats. The distribution of CD271 and epidermal stem cells showed no age-related changes (P＞0.05), and the expression of EGFR decreased with age in normal rats (P＜0.001). Compared with normal rats, the content of CD271 and epidermal stem cells and the expression of EGFR increased in burned rats. Conclusions The reliable and reproducible experimental model produces consistent burn injuries in rats of different ages. The number of CD271 and epidermal cells and the expression of EGFR increase during wound healing in rats, suggesting that CD271, epidermal cells and EGFR in epidermal stem cell membranes are associated with burn wound healing. Applicability of Research to Practice This research may be used in clinical practice in the future for better wound care.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Is Involved in Alcohol-Induced Osteoporosis in Young and Old Rats Through Immune Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Cheng ◽  
Bo Tan ◽  
Xiaojing Wu ◽  
Feng Liao ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats

Long-term and excessive alcohol consumption are risk factors for osteoporosis. Excessive drinking can reduce bone density and also cause imbalance of gut microbiota. And gut microbiota can affect bone metabolism through various mechanisms, and the regulation of gut microbiota is closely related to age. However, the effects of gut microbiota on alcohol-induced osteoporosis at different ages are unclear. In this study, young and old rats were used to induce osteoporosis by long-term alcohol consumption, and alcohol metabolism, bone morphology, bone absorption and immune activity of rats were analyzed to determine the effects of alcohol on rats of different ages. In addition, changes of gut microbiota in rats were analyzed to explore the role of gut microbiota in alcohol-induced osteoporosis in rats of different ages. The results showed the ability of alcohol metabolism was only associated with age, but not with alcohol consumption. Long-term alcohol consumption resulted in the changes of bone metabolism regulating hormones, bone loss, activation of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling and inflammatory response. And osteoporosis was more severe in old rats than young rats, suggesting that alcohol-induced osteoporosis is age-related. In addition, long-term drinking also affected the composition of gut microbiota in rats, with a significant increase in the proportion of pro-inflammatory microorganisms. Overall, this study found that long-term alcohol consumption induced osteoporosis and affected the composition of gut microbiota. And alcohol can activate T lymphocytes directly or indirectly by regulating the changes of gut microbiota to produce cytokines, and further activate osteoclasts. In addition, the osteoporosis was more severe in the old rats than young rats, which may be due to the higher diversity and stronger regulation ability of gut microbiota in young rats compared with old rats.

scholarly journals Role of Autophagy Biomarkers In Burn-Age Estimation and Progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Heba A. Yassa ◽  
Randa T. Hanna ◽  
Hala Zein El Abdin
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Histopathological Effects ◽  
Skin Samples ◽  
Second Degree

Background: Determination of time passed since burn injury in the living is critical in forensic science. Autophagy biomarkers and vitronectin can play an important role in determination of the age of burn injuries through their levels in the tissue. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of autophagy biomarkers in dating burn injury and to correlate them with the histopathological effects of deep second-degree thermal burn. Method: Fifty-four male rats were used in this study after infliction of second-degree thermal burns to their skin. Samples were taken from them after 30 minutes and one, four, 24, 48, and 72 hours following burn to be examined histologically and also for autophagy biomarkers and vitronectin. Results: Significant reduction in the autophagy biomarkers (p < 0.001) over the first 24 hours then began to increase but still not reach the normal level up to 72 hours after burn. Vitronectin level increased after burn infliction 1.5-fold after first hour, then up to four-fold after four hours and after that began to decline but still did not reach the normal level up to 72 hours. Conclusion: Autophagy biomarkers can be used as a forensic tool in determination of the time passed since burn infliction in living.

PLASMA LEVELS OF GROWTH HORMONE IN FEMALE RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Edén ◽  
Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland ◽  
Olle Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Plasma Gh

ABSTRACT Radioimmunoassayable growth hormone (GH) was determined in fed and fasted female rats of different ages. In 6–40 day-old rats blood was collected at hourly intervals in groups of rats at different time intervals during the day. Within each age group the variation in plasma GH was considerable. In 6–14 day-old rats plasma GH was generally elevated. By day 18 levels declined, lowest on day 22 and by day 26 again increasing. In 14 day-old rats the median plasma level of GH was 22 ng/ml, in 22 day-old rats < 5 ng/ml and in 40 day-old rats 43 ng/ml. In 14 day-old rats levels ranged from < 5 ng/ml – 148 ng/ml, in 22 day-old rats from < 5 ng/ml – 34 ng/ml and in 40 day-old rats from < 5 ng/ml – > 200 ng/ml. A 20 h fasting period was associated with a significant decrease in plasma GH. In 45 day-old rats, the variations in plasma GH of individual animals were studied by obtaining sequential blood samples from unrestrained, undisturbed animals with implanted intra-aortic cannulae. In these rats GH secretion was characterized by an episodic release, occurring every 2–4 h. After a 20 h fasting period major peaks were depressed and occurred less frequently. It is concluded that there is an age-related as well as a circadian rhythm in growth hormone secretion in the rat and that sequential sampling of blood is essential for the evaluation of the secretory pattern.

Androgen receptor of rat penis is down-regulated by androgen

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. E46-E50
Author(s):  
K. K. Takane ◽  
F. W. George ◽  
J. D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Density Gradients ◽  
Receptor Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Insight Into

To provide insight into the factors that control androgen receptor levels in rat penis, we assessed 5 alpha-[3H]-dihydrotestosterone binding in low-salt [10 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), 10 mM Na2M0O4] and high-salt (10 mM Tris, 10 mM Na2M0O4, 0.5 M KCl) extracts of rat penis using sucrose density gradients. Total receptor content decreased from approximately 729 +/- 114 fmol/g tissue at 3 wk of age to less than 50 fmol/g tissue at 10 wk of age. Castration of 3-wk-old rats prevented penile growth and the age-related decline in penile androgen receptor. Treatment of 3-wk-old castrated rats with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone caused an acceleration in the decline in receptor levels compared with intact animals. Castration of 10-wk-old rats (after androgen receptor levels had decreased) did not result in an increase in the amount of total androgen receptor by 16 wk of age. To determine the specificity of the androgen-mediated decline in receptor levels, the amounts of prostate androgen receptor were compared with those of the penis at different ages. When expressed as femtomoles per organ, the total androgen receptor level in the prostate increased fourfold from 3 to 10 wk of age, whereas the total androgen receptor in the penis declined approximately threefold. We conclude that the downregulation of the penile androgen receptor content that occurs in the rat between 3 and 10 wk of age is androgen mediated, does not occur in all androgen target tissues, and is prevented but not reversed by castration.

scholarly journals Pro-inflammatory effect of obesity on rats with burn wounds

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10499
Author(s):  
Chan Nie ◽  
Huiting Yu ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Xiahong Li ◽  
Zairong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Degree Burn ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Second Degree

Objective A burn is an inflammatory injury to the skin or other tissue due to contact with thermal, radioactive, electric, or chemical agents. Burn injury is an important cause of disability and death worldwide. Obesity is a significant public health problem, often causing underlying systemic inflammation. Studying the combined impact of burn injuries on obese patients has become critical to the successful treatment of these patients. The aim of this paper is to highlight the effect of inflammation associated with burn injuries on several body weight group in a rat study. Materials and methods Different degrees of obesity and burns were established in rats and divided into a normal weight group, overweight group, obese group, second-degree burn group, third-degree burn group, over-weight second-degree burn group, over-weight third-degree burn group, obese second-degree burn group, and obese third-degree burn group (20 rats per group). Changes in inflammatory factors and growth factor were measured on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after burns were inflicted. Results The ELISA test showed that in the unburned control group, MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α protein expressions in the obese and over-weight groups were higher than the normal-weight group (P < 0.05). RT-PCR test showed that the expressions of MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α genes in the obese group were higher compared to the overweight and normal weight groups (P < 0.05). Three and 7 days after burns were inflicted, the level of VEGF in the normal weight group was higher than the obese group (P < 0.05), however increased VEGF was not observed on days 1 and 14. Conclusion Burn injury and obesity have a mutually synergistic effect on the body’s inflammatory response.

Age-Related Attenuation of Aerobic Exercise Training Adaptation in 24-Week Old Rats

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1916-P
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. SCALZO ◽  
GRAHAME F. EVANS ◽  
SARA E. HULL ◽  
LESLIE KNAUB ◽  
LORI A. WALKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Training Adaptation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats

Pharmacoepidemiological Analysis of Pharmacotherapy for Burn Injuries in Real Clinical Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Olga Vyacheslavovna Zhukova ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Nekaeva ◽  
Elena Sergeevna Khoroshavina ◽  
Ekaterina Alexeevna Kozlova ◽  
Yulia Alexandrovna Dudukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Real Clinical Practice

Objective: to conduct pharmacoepidemiological analysis and analysis of the costs of pharmacotherapy, taking into account the actual consumption of drugs in the real inpatient clinical practice at the federal center in Russia. Materials and methods. Data from the medical records of 14 patients with burn injury, who were hospitalized in 2018, was analyzed. Patients’ age was from 23 to 67 years (44,93 ± 14,66). Duration of hospitalization was from 17 to 62 days (35,93 ± 14,17). We calculated rate of prescription foe each drug and its share in general structure of all utilized drug courses (n = 460). We performed frequency analysis of prescription structure, DDD (defined daily doses) analysis, DU90% (Drug Utilization 90%) analysis, ABC-analysis and analysis of average cost of pharmacotherapy. Results. Most frequently used drugs, prescribed in 75-100% of all hospital cases, included 15 names, e.g. 2 antimicrobial drugs (vancomycin and amikacin), 19 were used commonly, including 4 antimicrobial drugs (co-trimoxazole, cefoperazone/sulbactam, tigecyclin and cefepime). Other drugs were used in less than 25% of cases. 33 drugs made 90% of all consumed NDDD, including 5 antimicrobial drugs (vancomycin, amikacin, co-trimoxazole, cefoperazone/sulbactam and tigecyclin). These drugs comprised 70,24% in the prescription structure. The cost of one DDD in DU90% segments (512,33 rubles) is 1,4 higher than in DU10% segment (649,34 rubles). Average cost of drugs included in DU90% group was 4735,89 rubles vs 4966,80 rubles for drugs from DU10% group. This finding shows positive tendency of burn injuries pharmacological treatment. Conclusion. We obtained the data, which can be used for comparison of real clinical practice costs with a current payment rates for medical care.

Looking to the horizon: the role of bilirubin in the development and prevention of age-related chronic diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Wagner ◽  
Marlies Wallner ◽  
Christine Mölzer ◽  
Silvia Gazzin ◽  
Andrew Cameron Bulmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Future Research Directions

Bilirubin, the principal tetrapyrrole, bile pigment and catabolite of haem, is an emerging biomarker of disease resistance, which may be related to several recently documented biological functions. Initially believed to be toxic in infants, the perception of bilirubin has undergone a transformation: it is now considered to be a molecule that may promote health in adults. Data from the last decade demonstrate that mildly elevated serum bilirubin levels are strongly associated with reduced prevalence of chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as CVD-related mortality and risk factors. Recent data also link bilirubin to other chronic diseases, including cancer and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to all-cause mortality. Therefore, there is evidence to suggest that bilirubin is a biomarker for reduced chronic disease prevalence and a predictor of all-cause mortality, which is of important clinical significance. In the present review, detailed information on the association between bilirubin and all-cause mortality, as well as the pathological conditions of CVD, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, is provided. The mechanistic background concerning how bilirubin and its metabolism may influence disease prevention and its clinical relevance is also discussed. Given that the search for novel biomarkers of these diseases, as well as for novel therapeutic modalities, is a key research objective for the near future, bilirubin represents a promising candidate, meeting the criteria of a biomarker, and should be considered more carefully in clinical practice as a molecule that might provide insights into disease resistance. Clearly, however, greater molecular insight is warranted to support and strengthen the conclusion that bilirubin can prevent disease, with future research directions also proposed.

Effects of trenbolone acetate and testosterone on growth and on plasma concentrations of corticosterone and ACTH in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Sillence ◽  
R. G. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats

ABSTRACT The effects of trenbolone acetate (TBA) on growth and on plasma concentrations of corticosterone were examined in male and female rats. At 5 weeks of age, rats were injected with TBA (0·8 mg/kg) dissolved in peanut oil, or with oil alone, daily for 10 days. In female rats, TBA caused an increase in weight gain (20–38%), a reduction in adrenal weight (19%) and a reduction in plasma concentrations of corticosterone (55%). In contrast, TBA-treated male rats showed no significant increase in weight gain, no significant change in adrenal weight and no reduction in plasma concentrations of corticosterone. The mechanism by which adrenal activity was suppressed in TBA-treated female rats was examined and the response compared with that to testosterone. Female rats (8 weeks old) were injected daily either with oil vehicle, TBA (0·8 mg/kg) or testosterone propionate (0·8 mg/kg). Testosterone increased weight gain (24%), but the growth response to TBA treatment was significantly greater (97%). A reduction in plasma concentrations of corticosterone (45%) was again observed in response to TBA. However, testosterone increased plasma concentrations of corticosterone (52%) above those of control values. Neither androgen affected plasma concentrations of ACTH. Finally, the effects of TBA were examined in 6-week-old female rats, to characterize further the apparent age-related increase in responsiveness. The growth response of 6-week-old rats (60–74%) was intermediate between that seen in 5- and 8-week-old animals. It is concluded that part of the anabolic activity of TBA may be related to a reduction in circulating concentrations of corticosterone. The effect of TBA on corticosterone concentrations differs from that of the natural androgen, testosterone, and does not appear to be mediated by a reduction in plasma concentrations of ACTH. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 126, 461–466

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