scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF NEW CROPS INTO THE FARMING ENTERPRISE USING A SYSTEMS APPROACH

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 662f-662
Author(s):  
S. B. Sterrett ◽  
D. B. Taylor ◽  
C. W. Coale ◽  
J. W. Mapp
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Labor Requirements

An interdisciplinary approach had been developed to examine the production, economic, and marketing feasibility of new crops. The methodology requires the determination of yield potential and product quality, construction of production budgets, and completion of marketing window analyses. Potential for integration of new crops into the existing farm enterprise is assessed using linear programing techniques that consider labor and equipment constraints, crop rotations and best management practices. Risk analyses consider yield, production costs, and price of both new and traditional crops. By using this method, broccoli has been identified as a potential new crop for eastern Virginia, with labor requirements and slush ice availability being the major constraints to integration into vegetable production in this area.

Systems Approach to Evaluate Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Management Practices in Virginia and North Carolina Cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2223-2234
Author(s):  
Seth J Dorman ◽  
Dominic D Reisig ◽  
Sean Malone ◽  
Sally V Taylor
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Economically damaging infestations of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), tarnished plant bug, were sporadic in Virginia and North Carolina cotton before 2010. Given the sudden rise of L. lineolaris as an economic pest in these states, regionally specific management practices (i.e., chemical and cultural control) are needed to help producers protect yield potential while minimizing input costs. Field experiments were conducted in Virginia and North Carolina in 2018 and 2019 to 1) determine the effects of various management practices on L. lineolaris density, plant injury (i.e., square retention, internal boll injury), and lint yield, 2) calculate the economic trade-offs between integrated pest management (IPM) systems approach and current management practices for L. lineolaris in these states, and 3) evaluate economic benefits associated with various sampling thresholds. Lygus lineolaris populations peaked mid-season (i.e., August) during cotton flowering in both states. Weekly scouting and applying foliar insecticides when the current University Extension recommended economic threshold was reached was the most critical management treatment in maximizing economic returns. Additional costs among various IPM practices did not translate into significant yield protection and economic gains. Moreover, there were additional economic benefits associated with protecting glabrous and longer maturing varieties in Virginia. Lygus lineolaris density varied significantly between states; therefore, management recommendations should be modified based on the growing region. Results from this study will be used to create an IPM strategy to help cotton producers effectively manage this insect pest in the Southeast.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Nutrient Availability, Placement, Rate, and Application Timing of Controlled-release Fertilizers for Florida Vegetable Production Using Seepage Irrigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luther C. Carson ◽  
Monica Ozores-Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Fertilizer System

This publication summarizes the factors influencing controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) nutrient release, CRF placement, CRF rate, and CRF application timing for the two major seepage-irrigated vegetable production systems (plasticulture and open-bed) in Florida. One of several best management practices for vegetable production, CRF helps growers achieve total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) established in Florida under the Federal Clean Water Act. Several factors intrinsic to CRF and to the vegetable production systems affect CRF nutrient release, making implementation of CRF fertility programs challenging. Increasing or decreasing soil temperature increases or decreases nutrient release from CRF. Soil moisture required for uninhibited plant growth is within the soil moisture range for optimum CRF nutrient release. CRF substrate affects nutrient release rate, which is inversely related to coating thickness and granule size. Soil microbes, soil texture, and soil pH do not influence nutrient release rate. Field placement of CRFs in seepage-irrigated, plasticulture, and open-bed production should be in the bottom mix at bed formation and soil incorporated or banded at planting, respectively. In plasticulture production systems, soil fumigation and delayed planting for continuous harvest may add a 14- to 21-day lag period between fertilization and planting, which along with different season lengths will influence CRF release length selected by growers. Using a hybrid fertilizer system in plasticulture production or incorporating CRF at planting in open-bed production allows for up to a 25% reduction in the nitrogen (N) rate needed.

scholarly journals Innovative Pulses for European Temperate Regions: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Ayerdi Gotor ◽  
Elisa Marraccini
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

In the Global North, there is an increasing interest in pulses both for their beneficial effects in cropping systems and for human health. However, despite these advantages, the acreage dedi-cated to pulses has been declining and their diversity reduced, particularly in European temperate regions, due to several social and economic factors. This decline has stimulated a political debate in the EU on the development of plant proteins. By contrast, in the Global South, a large panel of minor pulses is still cropped in regional patterns of production and consumption. The aim of this paper is to investigate the for cultivation of potential minor pulses in European temperate regions as a complement to common pulses. Our assumption is that some of these crops could adapt to different pedo-climatic conditions, given their physiological adaptation capacity, and that these pulses might be of interest for the development of innovative local food chains in an EU policy context targeting protein autonomy. The research is based on a systematic review of 269 papers retrieved in the Scopus database (1974–2019), which allowed us to identify 41 pulses as candidate species with a protein content higher than 20% that are already consumed as food. For each spe-cies, the main agronomic (e.g. temperature or water requirements) and nutritional characteristics (e.g. proteins or antinutritional contents) were identified in their growing regions. Following their agronomic characteristics, the candidate crops were confronted with variability in the annual growing conditions for spring crops in European temperate areas to determine the earliest poten-tial sowing and latest harvest dates. Subsequently, the potential sum of temperatures was calcu-lated with the Agri4cast database to establish the potential climatic suitability. For the first time, 21 minor pulses were selected to be grown in these temperate areas and appear worthy of inves-tigation in terms of yield potential, nutritional characteristics or best management practices.

scholarly journals Vegetable Production Best Management Practices to Minimize Nutrient Loss

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Best Management

Nutrient loss from commercial vegetable fields has become a significant environmental issue in all the major vegetable-producing regions of the United States. Growers are facing potentially disruptive regulations aimed at improving the quality of both surface and ground water. Significant improvement in nutrient management will be required to meet this regulatory challenge. This paper discusses five practical, low-cost nutrient best management practices (BMPs). These BMPs are widely applicable, relatively inexpensive to implement, and can dramatically reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss from vegetable fields. However, even with careful application of these BMPs, runoff and leachate from vegetable fields may periodically exceed environmental water quality standards, which are very stringent.

scholarly journals Nitrogen use efficiency in crops with new and available technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-266
Author(s):  
D BLAISE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The One

Among fertilizers, nitrogen (N) is the one that is used in the largest amounts mainly due to immediate response to the fertilizer-N application. However, the N use efficiency (NUE) is very low leading to high production costs and also a threat to the environment. Therefore, improving NUE is imperative. The 4 R’s (right quantity, right time, right method and right source) should be considered as the first step for enhancing NUE. Best management practices (BMP’s) of production and protection need to be adopted in order to achieve high NUE. Integration of novel N sources and nanofertilizers and better N fertilization products would lead to high NUE. Furthermore, novel techniques such as Precision Nutrient Management and Variable Rate Application to time nutrient application with crop need, and remote sensing are upcoming technologies that will bring about considerable savings in fertilizer-N. Further we should also account for plant physiological processes, including the diversity of mineral nutrient uptake mechanisms, their translocation and metabolism in order to breed and develop crop cultivars that are efficient N users.

Production Costs of Organic Vegetable Farms: Two Case Studies from Pennsylvania

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Conner ◽  
Anusuya Rangarajan
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
No Production ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Spiral Path ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Hired Labor

The market premiums that currently exist for many organic crops are an attractive incentive for conventional growers considering the transition to organic practices. Before making this decision, there is a need to better understand the production costs of these systems. While many factors, such as crop rotation, soil type, and marketing, influence cropping decisions, production costs are vital information for production and pricing decisions. This research evaluated crop budgets from two Pennsylvania organic farms as case studies. A critical component of these budgets was the calculation of costs related to cover cropping, rotations, and compost production or use. These farms were very different in their scale, management, and marketing strategies. The crops selected for study on each farm were also different, based upon economic value to the farm. Beech Grove Farm used horse traction and hired no production labor on about 4 acres of production; budgets for carrot (Daucus carota), onion (Allium cepa), and garlic (Allium sativum) are presented. The other, Spiral Path Farm, used machinery and a hired labor crew extensively on about 60 acres; their production costs for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and winter squash (Cucurbita moschata) are presented. While costs could not be compared between the farms, costs per acre varied widely among crops on a farm, but less so across years. Neither farm spent a great deal on pest control inputs, relying on soil fertility and other management practices to minimize infestations and grow healthy plants. While these single-crop budgets provided some realistic measures of costs of organic vegetable production, longer-term budgets measuring multiyear rotations would better capture the tradeoffs made by diversified organic farmers.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LETTUCE FERTILIZED WITH BIOMASS OF Calotropis procera IN TWO GROWING SEASONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Ênio Gomes Flôr Souza ◽  
Falkner Michael de Sousa Santana ◽  
Bruno Novaes Menezes Martins ◽  
Ygor Henrique Leal ◽  
Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
Intensive Land Use

ABSTRACT Vegetable production is an impactful activity, characterized by intensive land use, high input demand, and it requires strategic management adoption, especially in sustainable production systems, where the pillars of sustainability (environmental, social and economic) must be respected. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate economic indicators of lettuce production using Caatinga spontaneous species (Calotropis procera: rooster tree) as fertilizer and cultivated in two seasons (spring and fall-winter) in the municipality of Serra Talhada, PE. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with three replications. The first factor was the biomass amounts of green manure (5.4, 8.8, 12.2 and 15.6 t ha-1 on a dry basis); and the second was their incorporation times in the soil (0, 10, 20 and 30 days before lettuce transplanting). The green mass yield, production costs, rate of return, and net profit margin were determined. The amount 15.6 t ha-1 of C. procera allowed higher profitability to the organic production of lettuce, and it is considered ideal to incorporate the green manure 11 (spring) and 15 (fall-winter) days before transplanting the vegetable. The spring crop promoted a superior economic return to the fall-winter planting, demonstrating economic viability even in the smallest amount of C. procera.

scholarly journals Controlled-release Fertilizers for Vegetable Production in the Era of Best Management Practices: Teaching New Tricks to an Old Dog

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric H. Simonne ◽  
Chad M. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Cost Share ◽  
Best Management ◽  
N Release ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Best management practices (BMPs) for vegetable crops are under development nationwide and in Florida. One goal of the Florida BMP program is to minimize the possible movement of nitrate-nitrogen from potato (Solanum tuberosum) production to surface water in the St. Johns River watershed without negatively impacting potato yields or quality. Current fertilizer BMPs developed for the area focus on fertilizer rate. Controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) have long been a part of nutrient management in greenhouse and nursery crops. However, CRFs have been seldom used in field-vegetable production because of their cost and release characteristics. Nutrient release curves for CRFs are not available for the soil moisture and temperature conditions prevailing in the seepage-irrigated soils of northern Florida. Controlled-leaching studies (pot-in-pot) in 2000 and 2001 have shown that plant-available nitrogen (N) was significantly higher early in the season from ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and urea compared to selected CRFs. However, N release from off-the-shelf and experimental CRFs was too slow, resulting in N recoveries ranging from 13% to 51%. Cost increase due to the use of CRFs for potato production ranged from $71.66 to $158.14/ha ($29 to $64 per acre) based on cost of material and N application rate. This higher cost may be offset by reduced application cost and cost-share pro-grams. Adoption of CRF programs by the potato (and vegetable) industry in Florida will depend on the accuracy and predictability of N release, state agencies' commitment to cost-share programs, and CRFs manufacturers' marketing strategies. All interested parties would benefit in the development of BMPs for CRFs.

scholarly journals 282 Vegetable Yields under Sustainable Production Systems

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 440A-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Hoyt ◽  
J.E. Walgenbach ◽  
P.B. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production

This experiment was designed to compare best management practices for conventional and conservation tillage systems, chemical IPM vs. organic vegetable production, and rotation effect on tomatoes. Three vegetables were grown under these management practices with sweet corn (1st year) and fall cabbage or cucumber (2nd year), and fall cabbage on half of the field plots and tomatoes on the other half. The treatments were: 1) conventional-tillage with chemical-based IPM; 2) conventional-tillage with organic-based IPM; 3) conservation-tillage with chemical-based IPM; 4) conservation-tillage with organic-based IPM; and 5) conventional-tillage with no fertilizer or pest management (control). This poster describes sweet corn, cabbage, and cucumber yields from the various treatments over two 3-year rotations. Sweet corn yields were 34% higher in treatments with chemical fertilizer and pest control than with organic methods. Ear worm damage was high (58%) in the organic treatment compared to the chemical IPM program (14%). Fall cabbage was planted after sweet corn and cucumber harvest (all treatments were reapplied). Marketable cabbage yields were in the order: conventional-tilled-organic > strip-tilled-chemical > conventional-tilled-chemical > strip-till-organic > control for both years. Percent culls (< .9 kg heads) were in reverse order of marketable heads. Cabbage insect control was similar in chemical IPM and organic management. Cucumber yields were in the order: conventional-tilled-chemical > conventional-tilled-organic = strip-till-chemical > strip-tilled-organic > control for both years. Insect damage on cucumber fruit was 51% for organic systems and 1% for chemical methods of production. No differences were seen between tillage system within the same production system (chemical vs organic).

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