Tracking the Origins of Fly Invasions; Using Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity to Identify Potential Source Populations in Two Genetically Intertwined Fruit Fly Species (Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera dorsalis [Diptera: Tephritidae])

AbstractDistance decay principles predict that species with larger geographic ranges would have greater intraspecific genetic diversity than more restricted species. However, invasive pest species may not follow this prediction, with confounding implications for tracking phenomena including original ranges, invasion pathways and source populations. We sequenced an 815 base-pair section of the COI gene for 441 specimens of Bactrocera correcta, 214 B. zonata and 372 Zeugodacus cucurbitae; three invasive pest fruit fly species with overlapping hostplants. For each species, we explored how many individuals would need to be included in a study to sample the majority of their haplotype diversity. We also tested for phylogeographic signal and used demographic estimators as a proxy for invasion potency. We find contrasting patterns of haplotype diversity amongst the species, where B. zonata has the highest diversity but most haplotypes were represented by singletons; B. correcta has ∼7 dominant haplotypes more evenly distributed; Z. cucurbitae has a single dominant haplotype with closely related singletons in a ‘star-shape’ surrounding it. We discuss how these differing patterns relate to their invasion histories. None of the species showed meaningful phylogeographic patterns, possibly due to gene-flow between areas across their distributions, obscuring or eliminating substructuring.

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APLIKASI MAT DALAM PENGENDALIAN LALAT BUAH Bactrocera sp. (DIPTERA : TEPHRITIDAE) PADA TANAMAN CABE

EUGENIA ◽

10.35791/eug.17.2.2011.3533 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Maxi Lengkong ◽

Caroulus S. Rante ◽

Merlyn Meray

Keyword(s):

Field Research ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Methyl Eugenol ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Crop Acreage ◽

Bactrocera Carambolae ◽

Male Annihilation ◽

Bactrocera Philippinensis ◽

Male Annihilation Technique

ABSTRACT Research was aiming to determine the effectiveness of the attractant methyl eugenol + traps modification in the catch of species of fruit flies in the chilli plants at any given time and to identify the types of fruit flies trapped with methyl eugenol + traps modification on chilli crop acreage. The field research was conducted in the area of chilli crop in three places namely District Pineleng, Tompaso / Langowan and Modoinding. Observation number and type of fruit flies was performed at intervals of 2 weeks of observation for 3 months. The result showed that the number of fruit fly caught or trapped dead at 30 traps set in chilli crop acreage was 1278. The highest trapped was 164 whereas the lowest trapped was 89. The number of male fruit flies trapped was high implying that reduction of male fruit fly population in the field. There were five types of fruit flies identified from area of Pineleng, Tompaso and Modoinding namely Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricus, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera philippinensis, Bactrocera carambolae, and Bactrocera sp. The five types were attracted to methyl eugenol. Key words : MAT (male annihilation technique), Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricus, B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. philippinensis, B. carambolae

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Pengaruh formulasi metil eugenol block plus terhadap tangkapan lalat buah Bactrocera spp. pada tanaman cabai

Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia ◽

10.5994/jei.18.2.93 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 93-101

Author(s):

Agus Susanto ◽

◽

Agus Dana Permana ◽

Sri Hartati ◽

Tohidin Tohidin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Ingredient ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Methyl Eugenol ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Bactrocera Carambolae ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Block Product

Fruit fly Bactrocera spp. is one of important pests in chili pepper. The use of methyl eugenol (ME) block plus as an attractant in traps is one method of controlling fruit flies populations. This study aims to find out the appropriate formulation of ME block plus formulation in increasing fruit fly catches on chili pepper. The experiment was carried out from January to April 2018 in Lembang Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. The experiment used a randomized block design consists of eight treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were ME 2 ml was applied to all treatments using cotton; block; chili essence 4 ml block; 4 ml block of guava essence; orange essence 4 ml block; starfruit essence 4 ml block; mango essence 4 ml block; an attractant block product with the active ingredient ME. Although the results showed that all the treatments tested could not attract female fruit flies, the essence formulation was successful in attracting male fruit flies by 87%. The 4 ml chili essence in the 2 ml ME block formulation was the most effective treatment to increase male fruit fly catches by as much as 377 fruit flies/traps/week specifically the species Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius, and hybrid fruit flies B. dorsalis x B. carambolae.

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Host preference fruit flies Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Drew and Hancock) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia ◽

10.5994/jei.15.1.40 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Dodin Koswanudin ◽

Adi Basukriadi ◽

I Made Samudra ◽

Rosichon Ubaidillah

Keyword(s):

Host Preference ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Bactrocera Carambolae ◽

Star Fruit ◽

Specimen Collection

Host plant preference amongst several fruit species was studied for two fruit fly species i.e. Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Drew & Hancock), which both belong to B. dorsalis species complex. Both fruit fly species are known to be polyphagous and cause significant economic losses as pests of fruit crops. The aim of this research was to assess the host range of these major pests in Indonesia. The research was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory and Insect Specimen Collection Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agriculture Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia from June 2011 to March 2012. Comparative host preference for both species was studied with regard to malaya varieties of star fruit (Averrhoa carambolae), manalagi varieties of mango (Mangifera indica), guava aka water apple (Psidium guajava), citra water guava (Eugenia aquae), jamaica bol guava (Eugenia malaccenensis), and california papaya (Carica papaya). Our results suggest the strongest preference for malaya star fruit by B. carambolae followed by manalagi mango; and for california papaya followed by manalagi mango by B. dorsalis. The study also found that welahan variety star fruit is least preferred by both species of fruit fly.

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Neuropeptides and their potential physiological functions in the oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)

10.1603/ice.2016.105656 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Hongbo Jiang

Keyword(s):

Fruit Fly ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Oriental Fruit Fly ◽

Physiological Functions

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Toxicity measurement of spinosad and phloxine B on oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis

JOURNAL OF HUNAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1238.2010.00547 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 547-549

Author(s):

Ying-gang DU ◽

Hai-bo XIA ◽

Jia-hua CHEN ◽

Qing-e JI

Keyword(s):

Fruit Fly ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Oriental Fruit Fly

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Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture: A Case of Farmers’ Innovations and Integrated Fruit Fly Management in Kenya

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11040338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 338

Author(s):

Charity M. Wangithi ◽

Beatrice W. Muriithi ◽

Raphael Belmin

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Household Head ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Production Costs ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Major Threat ◽

Gender And Education ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Indigenous Methods

The invasive fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis poses a major threat to the production and trade of mango in sub-Saharan Africa. Farmers devise different innovations to manage the pest in an attempt to minimize yield loss and production costs while maximizing revenues. Using survey data obtained from Embu County, Kenya, we analyzed farmers’ knowledge and perception as regards the invasive fruit fly, their innovations for the management of the pest, and the determinants of their adoption and dis-adoption decisions of recently developed and promoted integrated pest management (IPM) technologies for suppression of the pest. The results show that farmers consider fruit flies as a major threat to mango production (99%) and primarily depend on pesticides (90%) for the management of the pest. Some farmers (35%) however use indigenous methods to manage the pest. Though farmers possess good knowledge of different IPM strategies, uptake is relatively low. The regression estimates show that continued use of IPM is positively associated with the gender and education of the household head, size of a mango orchard, knowledge on mango pests, training, contact with an extension officer, and use of at least one non-pesticide practice for fruit fly management, while IPM dis-adoption was negatively correlated with the size of the mango orchard, practice score and use of indigenous innovations for fruit fly management. We recommend enhancing farmer′s knowledge through increased access to training programs and extension services for enhanced adoption of sustainable management practices for B. dorsalis.

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Host Suitability Index for Polyphagous Tephritid Fruit Flies

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toab035 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter A Follett ◽

Fay E M Haynes ◽

Bernard C Dominiak

Keyword(s):

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Production ◽

General Purpose ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Host Suitability ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Infestation Rate ◽

Suitability Index ◽

Host Status ◽

Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Tephritid fruit flies are major economic pests for fruit production and are an impediment to international trade. Different host fruits are known to vary in their suitability for fruit flies to complete their life cycle. Currently, international regulatory standards that define the likely legal host status for tephritid fruit flies categorize fruits as a natural host, a conditional host, or a nonhost. For those fruits that are natural or conditional hosts, infestation rate can vary as a spectrum ranging from highly attractive fruits supporting large numbers of fruit flies to very poor hosts supporting low numbers. Here, we propose a Host Suitability Index (HSI), which divides the host status of natural and conditional hosts into five categories based on the log infestation rate (number of flies per kilogram of fruit) ranging from very poor (<0.1), poor (0.1–1.0), moderately good (1.0–10.0), good (10–100), and very good (>100). Infestation rates may be determined by field sampling or cage infestation studies. We illustrate the concept of this index using 21 papers that examine the host status of fruits in five species of polyphagous fruit flies in the Pacific region: Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This general-purpose index may be useful in developing systems approaches that rely on poor host status, for determining surveillance and detection protocols for potential incursions, and to guide the appropriate regulatory response during fruit fly outbreaks.

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Bioinvasions of the Medfly Ceratitis capitata: Source Estimation Using DNA Sequences at Multiple Intron Loci

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/153.1.351 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 351-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Neil Davies ◽

Francis X Villablanca ◽

George K Roderick

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Latin America ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Ceratitis Capitata ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

The Status ◽

Considerable Controversy ◽

Source Populations ◽

Traditional Population

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is a devastating agricultural pest that threatens to become established in vulnerable areas such as California and Florida. Considerable controversy surrounds the status of Californian medfly infestations: Do they represent repeated introductions or the persistence of a resident population? Attempts to resolve this question using traditional population genetic markers and statistical methods are problematic because the most likely source populations in Latin America were themselves only recently colonized and are genetically very similar. Here, significant population structure among several New World medfly populations is demonstrated through the analysis of DNA sequence variation at four intron loci. Surprisingly, in these newly founded populations, estimates of population structure increase when measures of subdivision take into account the relatedness of alleles as well as their frequency. A nonequilibrium, likelihood-based statistical test that utilizes multilocus genotypes suggests that the sole medfly captured in California during 1996 was introduced from Latin America and was less likely to be a remnant of an ancestral Californian population. Many bioinvasions are hierarchical in nature, consisting of several sequential or overlapping invasion events, the totality of which can be termed a metainvasion. Phylogenetic data from multilocus DNA sequences will be vital to understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes that underlie metainvasions and to resolving their constituent levels.

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Non-host status of papaya cultivars to the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in relation to the degree of fruit ripeness

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1017/s1742758416000242 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (01) ◽

pp. 19-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Domingos Cugala ◽

João Jone Jordane ◽

Sunday Ekesi

Keyword(s):

Fruit Ripening ◽

Market Access ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Ripening Stage ◽

Field Cage ◽

Major Barrier ◽

Ripening Stages

AbstractPhytosanitary measures are a major barrier to trade in papaya. We assessed the infestation of tephritid fruit flies on different stages of maturity of papaya, to determine its non-host stage of maturity, for market access. Papaya fruits were collected from Kilifi and Embu counties, Kenya from March 2013 to December 2014, to assess the level of infestation by fruit flies according to the degree of fruit ripening. In all locations, no fruit fly infestation was recorded on papaya when fruits were at the 0, 25 and 50% yellow fruit ripening stage.Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) was, however, observed attacking fruits when papaya fruits were at 75 and 100% all yellow (fully ripe fruit ripening stage) with infestations of 0.19−0.51B. dorsalis/kg fruit and 0.24−1.24B. dorsalis/kg fruit, respectively, in all locations. Field cage exposure ofB. dorsalisto fruits of five papaya cultivars—‘Papino’, ‘Neo Essence’, ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Tainung No. 1’ and ‘Tainung No. 2’ in Manica Province, Mozambique—showed thatB. dorsalisdid not infest fruits at 0, 25 and 50% yellow ripening stages at the densities of 50 and 100 flies per cage. However, at 75% yellow ripening stage, up to 13.1 pupae/kg of fruits was recorded at a density of 150 flies per cage in Tainung No. 1, and infestation ranged from 4.5 to 136 pupae/kg fruits at 100% yellow ripening stage across all the cultivars and infestation densities. Laboratory evaluation of volatiles emanating from freshly crushed papaya pulp of four cultivars: ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Red Lady’, ‘Papayi’ and ‘Apoyo’ on egg viability ofB. dorsalisshowed that at 0, 25 and 50% yellow, egg hatchability was inhibited, suggesting that semiochemical compounds present in green tissues of papaya prevent egg development, although this effect was variable across the four cultivars and ripening stages. Export papaya is harvested at less than 40% yellow ripening stage. Our results, therefore, suggest that quarantine treatment for fruits at this ripening stage is inconsequential, asB. dorsalisdoes not infest papaya fruits at this stage; thus, authorities should permit entry of these papaya cultivars of less than 40% yellow ripening stage to quarantine-sensitive markets.

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