Varietal and Developmental Susceptibility of Tart Cherry (Rosales: Rosaceae) to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive species of vinegar fly that infests soft-skinned and stone fruits. Since its first detection in the United States, D. suzukii has become a prominent economic threat in fruit crop industries, particularly affecting caneberry and sweet cherry growers. This study examined the susceptibility of tart cherries (Prunus cerasus) to D. suzukii and sampled for larvae and adult D. suzukii during the tart cherry growing season. Four tart cherry cultivars (Montmorency, Balaton, Carmine Jewel, and Kántorjánosi) were tested at three different ripeness stages (unripe, ripening, and ripe), in no-choice laboratory bio-assays. Field monitoring and sampling revealed that first adult D. suzukii detection occurred on 16 June, and first field larval D. suzukii detection occurred on 28 July. Adult D. suzukii populations increased through late August, and high numbers of adults overlapped with the tart cherry harvest. Lab assays indicated that tart cherry cultivars generally became more susceptible to D. suzukii as they ripened. As the fruit developed, °Brix (sugar content) increased and firmness generally decreased. Tart cherry °Brix and firmness were not correlated with the number of D. suzukii eggs per gram of fruit, but showed a significant interaction effect with the number of larvae and adults per gram of fruit. This study shows that tart cherries are largely not susceptible to D. suzukii when unripe and become susceptible as soon as the fruits change color, suggesting that fruits should be protected as soon as they begin to ripen and D. suzukii populations begin to rise.

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Curative Activity of Insecticides Used to Control Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Tart Cherry Productions

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toaa161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (5) ◽

pp. 2372-2379

Author(s):

Ignatius Putra Andika ◽

Christine Vandervoort ◽

John C Wise

Keyword(s):

Residue Analysis ◽

Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽

Tart Cherry ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

Curative Action ◽

Major Pest ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Tart Cherries ◽

Vast Range

Abstract Spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) is a major pest of soft-skinned fruit and due to the low infestation tolerance for marketable fruit, growers take preventive actions to hinder spotted-wing drosophila damages. Insecticides application is one of the measures taken by growers. Although intensive spraying programs have been used to manage spotted-wing drosophila, its early infestation, rapid reproduction, and vast range of host have caused damage to still occur in fruit, including tart cherries, Prunus ceraus (Linnaeus). Therefore, there is a merit for information on insecticide’s curative activity to understand whether sprays manage spotted-wing drosophila individuals within infested fruit. Tart cherry fruit were exposed to spotted-wing drosophila adults for 3 d. After this infestation period, insecticides were applied 1 and 3 d later. Small larvae, large larvae, and pupae were counted 9 d after initial infestation. A parallel set of insecticide-treated tart cherries were subjected to residue analysis. Phosmet and spinetoram were able to reduced live spotted-wing drosophila counts compared with the control at all life stages and insecticide application times, whereas zeta-cypermethrin, acetamiprid, and cyantraniliprole were less consistent in reducing spotted-wing drosophila numbers. Chromobacterium subtsugae demonstrated no curative action. Residue analysis demonstrated that zeta-cypermethrin residues mostly remained on fruit surface. Small portions of phosmet, spinetoram, and cyantraniliprole were able to penetrate fruit surfaces and move into subsurface tissues. Acetamiprid was the only compound which >47% penetrated into the fruit subsurface consistently across both years. Curative activity demonstrated in this study can provide additional tactics for spotted-wing drosophila management in tart cherry Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs.

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Pre- and postharvest technologies to extend the shelf life of Prunus cerasus

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/1/2376 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

Kata Mihály ◽

Csilla Kovács ◽

Ferenc Takács ◽

Erzsébet Sándor

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Appropriate Technology ◽

Prunus Cerasus ◽

Important Research ◽

Tart Cherry ◽

Research Results ◽

Limited Knowledge ◽

Prunus Avium L

Fresh tart cherry consumption cannot be increased without the development of an appropriate technology for its elongated storage. This requires the development and optimization of the pre- and postharvest treatments. Currently, we have only limited knowledge about tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) postharvest technology, however, related studies on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) may be adopted. In this article, we have collected the most important research results in this topic.

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Acquiring Cherry Germplasm from Central and Eastern Europe

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.2.304 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 304-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Amy F. Iezzoni

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

The United States ◽

Prunus Cerasus ◽

Commercial Success ◽

The U.S

The sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) industry in the United States is a monoculture of a 400-year-old cultivar from France named `Montmorency'. To provide a solid germplasm base to breed alternatives to `Montmorency', cherry germplasm was systematically collected over a 15-year period from its ancestral home in Central and Eastern Europe and introduced to the U.S. The strategy of germplasm collection using pollen, seed and budwood importation of highly quarantined species is discussed. Germplasm resulting from this effort is highlighted as well as an example of commercial success. Finally, the “recycling” of this immense germplasm collection to search for dwarfing precocious rootstocks for sweet cherry is described.

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An Evaluation of U.S. Tart and Sweet Cherry Producers Trait Prioritization: Evidence from Audience Surveys

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.49.7.931 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 931-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chengyan Yue ◽

R. Karina Gallardo ◽

James J. Luby ◽

Alicia L. Rihn ◽

James R. McFerson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Tart Cherry ◽

Perennial Crop ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Quantitative Basis ◽

Ordered Probit Models ◽

Fruit Flavor ◽

Tart Cherries

Developing new cherry cultivars requires breeders to be aware of existing and emerging needs throughout the supply chain, from producer to consumer. Because breeding programs in perennial crop plants like sweet and tart cherries require both extended time and extensive resources, understanding and targeting priority traits is critical to improve the efficiency of breeding programs. This study investigated the relative importance of fruit and tree traits to sweet and tart cherry producers using ordered probit models. Tart cherry producers considered productivity and fruit firmness to be the most important traits, whereas sweet cherry producers regarded fruit size, fruit flavor, fruit firmness, freedom from pitting, and powdery mildew resistance as important traits. The location of producers’ orchards and their demographic backgrounds influenced their perceptions of the importance of traits. Our findings provide a quantitative basis to reinforce existing priorities of breeding programs or suggest new targets.

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Preliminary Insights in Sensory Profile of Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 612

Author(s):

Vânia Silva ◽

Sandra Pereira ◽

Alice Vilela ◽

Eunice Bacelar ◽

Francisco Guedes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Principal Component ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Sensory Data

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit appreciated by consumers for its well-known physical and sensory characteristics and its health benefits. Being an extremely perishable fruit, it is important to know the unique attributes of the cultivars to develop cultivation or postharvest strategies that can enhance their quality. This study aimed to understand the influence of physicochemical characteristics of two sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat and Van, on the food quality perception. Several parameters (weight, dimensions, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), colour, and texture) were measured and correlated with sensory data. Results showed that cv. Van presented heavier and firmer fruits with high sugar content. In turn, cv. Burlat showed higher pH, lower TA, and presented redder and brightest fruits. The principal component analysis revealed an evident separation between cultivars. Van cherries stood out for their sensory parameters and were classified as more acidic, bitter, and astringent, and presented a firmer texture. Contrarily, Burlat cherries were distinguished as being more flavourful, succulent, sweeter, and more uniform in terms of visual and colour parameters. The results of the sensory analysis suggested that perceived quality does not always depend on and/or recognize the quality parameters inherent to the physicochemical characteristics of each cultivar.

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Tart Cherry (Fruit of Prunus cerasus) Concentrated Powder (TCcp) Ameliorates Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscular Atrophy in Mice

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57050485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 485

Author(s):

Sae-Kwang Ku ◽

Jong-Min Lim ◽

Hyung-Rae Cho ◽

Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir ◽

Young Suk Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Muscular Atrophy ◽

Muscle Protein ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Calf Muscle ◽

Prunus Cerasus ◽

Tart Cherry ◽

Muscle Weight ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems

Background and Objectives: The present study investigated the beneficial effects of tart cherry (fruit of Prunus cerasus) concentrated powder (TCcp) on glucocorticoid (GLU)-induced catabolic muscular atrophy in the skeletal muscle of mice. Furthermore, its potential mechanism was also studied. Materials and Methods: Changes in calf thickness, calf muscle weight, calf muscle strength, body weight, gastrocnemius muscle histology, immunohistochemistry, serum creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and antioxidant defense systems were measured. Malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, glutathione content, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in the gastrocnemius muscle, and muscle-specific mRNA expressions were evaluated. Results: After 24 days, GLU control mice showed muscular atrophy at all criteria of indexes. The muscular atrophy symptoms were significantly inhibited by oral treatment with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of TCcp through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory modulated expression of genes involved in muscle protein degradation (myostatin, atrogin-1, SIRT1, and MuRF1) and synthesis (A1R, Akt1, TRPV4, and PI3K). Conclusions: This study shows that the TCcp (500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg) could improve muscular atrophies caused by various etiologies.

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Economic Competition and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing: A Test of Economic Threat Perspective

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci10060206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 206

Author(s):

Christopher D’Amato ◽

Bryan Holmes ◽

Ben Feldmeyer

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Disparities ◽

The United States ◽

Sentence Length ◽

Multilevel Regression ◽

United States Census ◽

United States Census Bureau ◽

Economic Competition ◽

Economic Threat ◽

Level Data ◽

Racial Ethnic

Economic threat arguments within the broader racial/ethnic threat theory suggest that economic competition between minorities and Whites encourages the majority group to apply formal social controls on minorities to maintain their advantaged positions. Prior sentencing research has given limited attention to economic threat and has only done so using cross-sectional measures, which does not capture changing economic circumstances (a key element of racial/ethnic threat). The goal of this study is to provide a test of economic threat—and racial/ethnic threat more broadly—utilizing time variant measures. To achieve this goal, we use case-level data from the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines Commission (N = 122,666) and county-level data from the United States Census Bureau. Multilevel regression models reveal partial but limited support for economic threat. Specifically, counties with a growing portion of minorities living above the poverty line between 2000 and 2010 had larger minority disadvantages (in comparison to Whites) at incarceration. However, economic threat measures do not significantly contextualize minority–White sentence length differences, while the broader racial/ethnic threat measures do not significantly influence minority–White outcomes at the incarceration or sentencing length decision. The results suggest that economic threat may explain a small but limited portion of the racial disparities identified.

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Drosophila Suzukii Control in Tart Cherries, 2016*

Arthropod Management Tests ◽

10.1093/amt/tsx065 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

Author(s):

John C. Wise ◽

Anthony H. VanWoerkom ◽

Larry J. Gut

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Tart Cherries

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Mobilising ‘Minutemen’: Predicting Public Support for Anti-Immigration Activism in the United States

Sociological Research Online ◽

10.5153/sro.3141 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 195-212

Author(s):

Matthew Ward

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cultural Beliefs ◽

Public Support ◽

The United States ◽

Political Orientation ◽

Willingness To Participate ◽

Sequential Process ◽

Economic Threat ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Actual Participation

Advances in social movement research conceptualise micromobilisation as – at least – a two-step sequential process in which willingness to participate must first be generated and then translated into actual participation. However, such research often ignores a more fundamental first step in this process: the generation of movement support. I address this gap by drawing on a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States – who either sympathised with or opposed anti-immigration activism – to identify individual attributes differentiating anti-immigration movement supporters and non-supporters. Perceptions of economic threat, waning confidence in political leadership, and prejudicial cultural beliefs about Latinos represent attributes differentiated movement supporters from non-supporters. Power devaluation theory is used as an overarching framework to meaningfully interpret these results. More generally, I argue that grievances play an important, yet under theorised role in jumpstarting conservative micromobilisation and that principles from power devaluation theory can help us understand the differentiation of movement support, irrespective of a social movement's political orientation.

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Population structure of Drosophila suzukii and signals of multiple invasions into the continental United States

10.1101/2021.03.14.435345 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kyle M Lewald ◽

Antoine Abrieux ◽

Derek A Wilson ◽

Yoosook Lee ◽

William R Conner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Wide Range ◽

Multiple Invasions

Drosophila suzukii, or spotted-wing drosophila, is now an established pest in many parts of the world, causing significant damage to numerous fruit crop industries. Native to East Asia, D. suzukii infestations started in the United States a decade ago, occupying a wide range of climates. To better understand invasion ecology of this pest, knowledge of past migration events, population structure, and genetic diversity is needed. To improve on previous studies examining genetic structure of D. suzukii, we sequenced whole genomes of 237 individual flies collected across the continental U.S., as well as several representative sites in Europe, Brazil, and Asia, to identify hundreds of thousands of genetic markers for analysis. We analyzed these markers to detect population structure, to reconstruct migration events, and to estimate genetic diversity and differentiation within and among the continents. We observed strong population structure between West and East Coast populations in the U.S., but no evidence of any population structure North to South, suggesting there is no broad-scale adaptations occurring in response to the large differences in regional weather conditions. We also find evidence of repeated migration events from Asia into North America have provided increased levels of genetic diversity, which does not appear to be the case for Brazil or Europe. This large genomic dataset will spur future research into genomic adaptations underlying D. suzukii pest activity and development of novel control methods for this agricultural pest.

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