scholarly journals Temperature Preference of Two Invasive Subterranean Termite Species and Their Hybrids (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae: Coptotermes)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2888-2893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayshree S Patel ◽  
Thomas Chouvenc ◽  
Nan-Yao Su
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Temperature preference of two invasive subterranean termites, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), and their hybrids were determined in a horizontal thermal gradient. The activity of workers of four mating combinations: ♀C. gestroi × ♂C. gestroi (C. gestroi), ♀C. formosanus × ♂C. formosanus (C. formosanus), ♀C. gestroi × ♂C. formosanus (Hybrid G), and ♀C. formosanus × ♂C. gestroi (Hybrid F), when placed on the temperature gradients were videotaped and analyzed to determine the mean temperature preference values (mTPV). The temperature ranges for active termites were 21.9–39.5°C for C. gestroi, 11.1–39.5°C for C. formosanus, 25.3–38.2°C for Hybrid G, and 24.9–39.3°C for Hybrid F. There was no significant difference in the mTPV of C. gestroi and both hybrid mating combinations. The mTPV of both Hybrid G and Hybrid F was significantly higher than the parental species C. formosanus. Our results indicate that hybrid populations of C. formosanus and C. gestroi might be more active in tropical than temperate regions, and if established in temperate regions, they will be more active in summer months when the mean temperature exceeds 25°C.

scholarly journals Coptotermes formosanusandCoptotermes gestroi(Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Exhibit Quantitatively Different Tunneling Patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala K. Hapukotuwa ◽  
J. Kenneth Grace
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dispersion ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Tunneling Behavior ◽  
Made In

Tunneling behavior and the spatial dispersion of tunnels constructed by the subterranean termitesCoptotermes formosanusShiraki andCoptotermes gestroi(Wasmann) (formerly known asC. vastatorLight) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) were examined in foraging arenas. The results indicated that these two termite species construct quantitatively different tunnel systems, supporting visual observations made in earlier studies.Coptotermes gestroiconstructed thin, highly branched tunnels, whileC. formosanustended to construct wider and less branched tunnels. Tunnels ofC. gestroishowed more spatial dispersion than those ofC. formosanus, and this species constructed a larger number of tunnels compared toC. formosanus. The presence or absence of food (wood) within the arena did not influence the tunneling pattern of either species. Although previous observations have suggested that these two termite species exhibit different tunneling behaviors; this is the first quantification of the differences. Comparative studies of the foraging behavior of subterranean termite species contribute to our understanding of their distribution and ecology and may help to improve pest management programs, particularly those based on placement of toxic baits. Moreover, differences in tunneling patterns may reflect different foraging strategies optimized for either tropical (C. gestroi) or subtropical/temperate (C. formosanus) environments.

scholarly journals Altered Mobility and Accumulation of Inefficient Workers in Juvenile Hybrid Termite Colonies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Bin Lee ◽  
Thomas Chouvenc ◽  
Jayshree Patel ◽  
Nan-Yao Su
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Movement Activity ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi ◽  
Incipient Colonies

Hybridization of two different species is an important mechanism to have gene flows between species. Recently, mating of two economically important invasive species of subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus and Coptotermes gestroi) have been observed in the field and hybrids colonies have been established in the laboratory. It was previously reported that incipient colonies (~1 year old) of hybrid Coptotermes species contained more termites than colonies of parental species, showing hybrid vigor. In this study, colony vigor and individual termite vigor were investigated in juvenile colonies (~2 year old), using colony growth parameters and the movement activity of individual termites as proxies for the evaluation of hybrid vigor beyond the initial colony foundation. After 2 years from colony foundations, hybrid colonies showed no more hybrid vigor. In addition, movement activity of termites in hybrid colonies was significantly slower than in termites from conspecific colonies. It is suggested that a reduction in the molting rates of individuals in hybrid colonies may have a negative impact on their physiology and their movement activity. These possible changes in physiology may affect the movement of individuals, and accumulation of these inefficient termites in hybrid colonies may contribute to the loss of hybrid vigor at 2 years of age in hybrid colonies.

scholarly journals Threats posed by Asian subterranean termites in the Fiji Islands and their potential controls: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravneel R. Chand ◽  
Anjeela D. Jokhan ◽  
Harshna Charan ◽  
Kushaal Raj ◽  
Priyatma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Fiji Islands ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi ◽  
Control And Management

Termites belong to the infraorder Isoptera, which contains almost 3,000 described species worldwide. These social insects cause substantial damage globally leading to billions of dollars of losses annually. Damage can occur to timber, wooden goods, paper, cotton, certain plastics, trees and many crops. Consequently, termite control and management is a major sector in the global pest-control industry. However, economic losses due to termite damage have not been quantified in the Fiji Islands to date. A review of published literature was conducted to assess the geographic range of Asian subterranean termites that occur in the Fiji Islands and to identify existing and potential control measures. The most common termite species that is known to cause millions of dollars of damage each year in the Fiji Islands is Coptotermes gestroi. This species is currently controlled primarily using the chemical fipronil but integrated termite management is the preferred long-term solution. Other possible control methods include physical, cultural, chemical and biological options.

Effects of Heat Treatments of Wood on the Feeding Behaviour of Two Subterranean Termites

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Doi ◽  
Y. Kurimoto ◽  
W. Ohmura ◽  
S. Ohara ◽  
M. Aoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Reticulitermes Speratus ◽  
Japanese Beech ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Choice Feeding

Summary This paper deals with the results of choice feeding tests of two termite species, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe), with steam-treated and dry-heated samples of Japanese commercial woods. Some steam-treated species were heavily attacked by C. formosanus and R. speratus while all dry-heated samples were attacked not more than unheated controls except for the combination Japanese larch-R. speratus. The steam treatment in some wood species produced feeding attractants which were removed by hot water extraction. Termite species showed some differences in the susceptibility to these substances. Attraction of the termites to steam-treated Japanese beech was different from that to the steam-treated softwoods. These phenomena were discussed with references to heat treatment of wood as well as to termite attractive factors.

scholarly journals Current status of Harmful Termites (Isoptera) in Hoi An Ancient Town and Effectiveness of Control of Main Harmful Coptotermes with Bait BDM 10

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quoc Huy
Keyword(s):  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi

The results of investigations and assessments about termites damagging 178 buildings in the Hoi An ancient town identified 6 species of 2 genera and 2 families. In which, Coptotermes was dominant genus with 4 species, and Cryptotermes had 2 species. There were 102/178 investigated buildings being invaded by termites with various levels. There were 4 species identified as major pests for the Hoi An ancient town. The most dangerous termite species for building was Coptotermes gestroi, followed by Coptotermes formosanus, C. ceylonicus and Cryptotermes domesticus. 77 works which were invaded by Coptotermes had been treated with BDM10 bait. The results showed that the efficiency of termite treatment reached 100% in all of works, in which: 78.11% of the works had achieved the control effect just for the first treatmen; 19,39% of the works needed to be treated for the second time and only 2.5% of the works that were severely damaged, needed  the third time for control with bait.

scholarly journals Performance of Altriset (TM) (Chlorantraniliprole) Termiticide Against Formosan Subterranean Termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, in Laboratory Feeding Cessation and Collateral Transfer Trials, and Field Applications

Sociobiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Puckett ◽  
Chris Keefer ◽  
Roger E Gold
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki ◽  
The Mean

Chlorantraniliprole represents the first compound to be registered as a termiticide by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in over a decade. This novel termiticide is currently registered as a 'reduced-risk pesticide' by the EPA. Laboratory and field trials were conducted to quantify mortality of Formosan subterranean termites (FST), Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki resulting from chlorantraniliprole treated soil, the degree to which the termites curtail feeding intensity post-exposure to chlorantraniliprole treated soil, collateral transfer of chlorantraniliprole among nest mates, and the effectiveness of chlorantraniliprole as a remedial treatment against structural infestations of HT. Termites which were exposed to chlorantraniliprole treated soil consumed significantly less paper than unexposed FST. The mean percent mortality of those termites exposed to chlorantraniliprole treated soil was significantly greater than that of unexposed FST. Depending on donor:recipient ratios, the mean mortality of recipients ranged from 14.65 - 90.00 % in the collateral transfer trials. There was a positive correlation between increased donor density and recipient mortality. Through 24 mo post-treatment, 27.3% of the structures which were treated in field trials were observed to have infestations of termites that required re-treatment; however, no FST were observed during the 30 and 36 month post-treatment inspections. Additionally, a novel scoring rubric was developed that will allow standardization of field study sites with respect to dissimilarity in site variables, and will allow for more consistent comparison of results across disparate field experiments. An explanation for the lack of successful remediation of many of the structures involved in the field trial is proposed and is based on our novel scoring system.

scholarly journals Physiology and Behaviour of Ixodes Scapularis Infected with Bartonella spp. in Nova Scotia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Khadijah Carey ◽  
Amal El Nabbout ◽  
Emma Macnutt-Burrows ◽  
Matthew Rooney ◽  
Mandy Mitton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Primary Vector ◽  
The Mean

Bartonella is a genus of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that primarily parasitizes mammalian hosts and is understood to be the causative agent for a number of illnesses that affects humans and their companion animals. In Nova Scotia, Ixodes scapularis (Say) is the primary vector of Bartonella spp. Recent studies suggest that the presence of bacterial agents may influence the physiology and behaviour of these Ixodes ticks. Following in this research, the goal of the current study was to determine potential changes in physiology and behaviour in I. scapularis infected with Bartonella spp. For this purpose, I. scapularis ticks were collected in Nova Scotia and subjected to tests to determine temperature preference and supercooling point (SCP), followed by DNA extraction, PCR, and gel electrophoresis in order to detect the presence of the Bartonella spp. in the collected samples. 45.5% of the experimental population was determined to be infected with Bartonella spp., with males infected at a rate of 48.7% and females at a rate of 42.3%. Infected females demonstrated a preference for a lower average temperature (23.85°C ±2.41) than uninfected females (26.47°C ±2.90), however confidence intervals based on standard deviation around the mean suggests that this difference is not significant. No other significant difference was determined between the infected and uninfected populations. We therefore conclude that Bartonella spp. infection does not affect the behaviour or physiology of I. scapularis.

Vowel Recognition Threshold as a Function of Temporal Segmentations

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Powell ◽  
Oscar Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vowel Recognition ◽  
Temporal Segment

Vowels were segmented into 15 different temporal segments taken from the middle of the vowel and ranging from 4 to 60 msecs, then presented to 6 subjects with normal hearing. The mean temporal-segment recognition threshold of 15 msecs with a range from 9.3 msecs for the /u/ to 27.2 milliseconds for the /a/. Misidenti-fication of vowels was most often confused with the vowel sound adjacent to it on the vowel-hump diagram. There was no significant difference between the cardinal and noncardinal vowels.

Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Blood Glycohemoglobin Levels in Young Diabetics

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
A. Aydrner ◽  
A. Oto ◽  
E. Oram ◽  
O. Gedik ◽  
C. F. Bekdik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular Function ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Filling Fraction ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Left ventricular function including regional wall motion (RWM) was evaluated by 99mTc first-pass and equilibrium gated blood pool ventriculography and glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) blood levels determined by a quantitative column technique in 25 young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without clinical evidence of heart disease, and in healthy controls matched for age and sex. Phase analysis revealed abnormal RWM in 19 of 21 diabetic patients. The mean left ventricular global ejection fraction, the mean regional ejection fraction and the mean 1/3 filling fraction were lower and the time to peak ejection, the time to peak filling and the time to peak ejection /cardiac cycle were longer in diabetics than in controls. We found high HbA1c levels in all diabetics. There was no significant difference between patients with and without retinopathy and with and without peripheral neuropathy in terms of left ventricular function and HbA1c levels.

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