scholarly journals Challenges in the production and use of probiotics as therapeuticals in cancer treatment or prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Mejía-Caballero ◽  
Vianey Anahi Salas-Villagrán ◽  
Alaide Jiménez-Serna ◽  
Amelia Farrés
Keyword(s):  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract Probiotics were defined as microbial strains that confer health benefits to their consumers. The concept has evolved during the last 20 years, and today metabolites produced by the strains, known as postbiotics, and even dead cells, known as paraprobiotics, are closely associated to them. The isolation of commensal strains from human microbiome has led to the development of next generation probiotics. This review aims to present an overview of the developments in the area of cancer prevention and treatment, intimately related to advances in the knowledge of the microbiome role in its genesis and therapy. Strain identification and characterization, production processes, delivery strategies, and clinical evaluation are crucial to translate results into the market with solid scientific support. Examples of recent tools in isolation, strain typification, quality control, and development of new probiotic strains are described. Probiotics market and regulation were originally developed in the food sector, but these new strategies will impact the pharmaceutical and health sectors, requiring new considerations in regulatory frameworks.

Leishmania aethiopica: Strain identification and characterization of superoxide dismutase-B genes

2006 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Genetu ◽  
Endalamaw Gadisa ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
Steve Barr ◽  
Mekuria Lakew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Leishmania Aethiopica ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Human microbiome as a source of folate modifiable by nutritional and non-nutritional factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Gumiela
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Microbial Strains

Hippocrates, in 400 years before our era, indicated that the intestines are central to human health and that “bad digestion is the root of all evil”. The microbiome influences immune status, protects against colonization by pathogenic microorganisms, performs metabolic and trophic functions, and participates in the synthesis of vitamin K, B1, B6, B12, and folic acid. Diet is a key factor in determining its composition. For many microbial strains, p-aminobenzoic acid is an indispensable substrate for the formation of folates. Bifidobacteria (HRB) strains in humans are mainly responsible for the synthesis of folates. Non-HRB strains that have the ability to synthesize folates include B. thermophilum and B. longum ssp. The only hitherto indicated factor that can affect the microbiota’s potential for folate synthesis is metformin, which improves glucose tolerance in people with type II diabetes. Metformin reduces the production of glucose in the liver by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, increases the sensitivity of tissues to insulin, and reduces the absorption of glucose. In order to thoroughly understand the ability of the microbiota to synthesize folic acid, it is necessary to conduct studies that include people with varying degrees of exposure to factors that may affect health, such as: poor dietary habits, smoking, low physical activity, diet-related diseases, or taking medications.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and characterisation of three novel probiotic strains (Lactobacillus paracaseiCNCM I-4034,Bifidobacterium breveCNCM I-4035 andLactobacillus rhamnosusCNCM I-4036) from the faeces of exclusively breast-fed infants

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (S2) ◽  
pp. S51-S62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Muñoz-Quezada ◽  
Empar Chenoll ◽  
José María Vieites ◽  
Salvador Genovés ◽  
José Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Breast Fed

The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify and characterise novel strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria with probiotic properties from the faeces of exclusively breast-fed infants. Of the 4680 isolated colonies, 758 exhibited resistance to low pH and tolerance to high concentrations of bile salts; of these, only forty-two exhibited a strong ability to adhere to enterocytesin vitro.The identities of the isolates were confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, which permitted the grouping of the forty-two bacteria into three different strains that showed more than 99 % sequence identity withLactobacillus paracasei,Lactobacillus rhamnosusandBifidobacterium breve, respectively. The strain identification was confirmed by sequencing the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions. Strains were assayed for enzymatic activity and carbohydrate utilisation, and they were deposited in the Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes (CNCM) of the Institute Pasteur and namedL. paracaseiCNCM I-4034,B. breveCNCM I-4035 andL. rhamnosusCNCM I-4036. The strains were susceptible to antibiotics and did not produce undesirable metabolites, and their safety was assessed by acute ingestion in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed BALB/c mouse models. The three novel strains inhibitedin vitrothe meningitis aetiological agentListeria monocytogenesand human rotavirus infections.B. breveCNCM I-4035 led to a higher IgA concentration in faeces and plasma of mice. Overall, these results suggest thatL. paracaseiCNCM I-4034,B. breveCNCM I-4035 andL. rhamnosusCNCM I-4036 should be considered as probiotic strains, and their human health benefits should be further evaluated.

The International Political Economy of Food: A Global Crisis

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Friedmann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Alternative Future ◽  
International Power

The largest gap between national regulation and transnational economic organization is in the agro-food sector. This gap is the legacy of the post-World War II food regime, whose implicit rules gave priority to national farm programs (including import controls and export subsidies); placed the United States at the center; generated chronic surpluses; and allowed international power to take the unusual form of subsidized exports of surplus commodities, particularly wheat. The author analyzes the emergence and contradictions of the postwar food regime as a tension between replication and integration of national agro-food sectors, often interpreted as “export of the U.S. model.” By the early 1970s, replication led to international economic conflict, while transnational corporations found national regulatory frameworks to be obstacles to further integration of a potentially global agro-food sector. A new axis between Asian import countries and new agricultural countries, such as Brazil, has destabilized the Atlantic-centered food regime, without creating a new regime. Alternative future regimes are identified, based on the shift from agriculture to food, employment, and land use as political issues: private global regulation or democratic regulation of nested, regional agro-food economies, federated at the international level.

scholarly journals An approach on the use of predictive microbiology for biofilm formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e90985117
Author(s):  
Jaqueline da Silva Rumão ◽  
Christian Oliveira Reinehr
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Microbiology ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Predictive Microbiology ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Food Quality And Safety ◽  
New Strategies

It is necessary to ensure food quality and safety during all stages of food production. The major challenge in the food sector is the control of microbial multiplication, as microorganisms are increasingly looking for alternatives, which involve their development, both in free form as in biofilm, to survive environmental attacks. Due to this concern, researchers use new strategies to understand the dynamics of microbial growth. In this context, predictive microbiology is gaining space in food microbiology. Therefore, the objective of the study was to verify whether the current predictive models are adequate to predict the growth of sessile cells, as well as planktonic cells. A bibliographic survey on the application of predictive microbiology in the evaluation of food safety control was carried out, and we concluded that, due to the scarcity of studies, it was not possible to state the adequacy of tertiary models in the control of biofilms during food production. We highlight the need for studies that can model the formation of biofilm of pathogens under different environmental factors.

scholarly journals Innovative Therapeutic Strategies for Effective Treatment of Brain Metastases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Lim ◽  
Simon Puttick ◽  
Zachary Houston ◽  
Kristofer Thurecht ◽  
Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Strategies

Brain metastases are the most prevalent of intracranial malignancies. They are associated with a very poor prognosis and near 100% mortality. This has been the case for decades, largely because we lack effective therapeutics to augment surgery and radiotherapy. Notwithstanding improvements in the precision and efficacy of these life-prolonging treatments, with no reliable options for adjunct systemic therapy, brain recurrences are virtually inevitable. The factors limiting intracranial efficacy of existing agents are both physiological and molecular in nature. For example, heterogeneous permeability, abnormal perfusion and high interstitial pressure oppose the conventional convective delivery of circulating drugs, thus new delivery strategies are needed to achieve uniform drug uptake at therapeutic concentrations. Brain metastases are also highly adapted to their microenvironment, with complex cross-talk between the tumor, the stroma and the neural compartments driving speciation and drug resistance. New strategies must account for resistance mechanisms that are frequently engaged in this milieu, such as HER3 and other receptor tyrosine kinases that become induced and activated in the brain microenvironment. Here, we discuss molecular and physiological factors that contribute to the recalcitrance of these tumors, and review emerging therapeutic strategies, including agents targeting the PI3K axis, immunotherapies, nanomedicines and MRI-guided focused ultrasound for externally controlling drug delivery.

Novel PAHs-Degrading Strain Yarrowia lipolytica TZYx3 and its Synergistic Interaction with HA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1064-1067
Author(s):  
Xin Xin Zhang ◽  
Hong Yan Yu ◽  
Yu Xin Wang ◽  
Han Gui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Soil Strain ◽  
Identification And Characterization

A novel PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)-degrading strain, TAYx3 was isolated from mineral oil and heavy metal contaminated soil. Strain identification and characterization showed that TAYx3 wasYarrowia lipolytica.Tests forYarrowia lipolyticaTAYx3 growth on different substances are also described. The strain could use all PAHs tasted as sole carbon source, and showed synergistic interaction with humic acid (HA). With the existence of HA, the degradation rate of TAYx3 was naphthalene 90.7%, phenanthrene91.0%, fluoranthene74.7%, pyrene 86.9%, benzanthracene 84.7%, benzopyrene 74.7%, respectively.

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