Diversity of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Bom Retiro Private Natural Heritage Reserve, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Abstract This study registers the diversity of Culicidae in the Bom Retiro Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPNBR), Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, based on the collection of the immature stages in natural and artificial larval habitats. Larvae and pupae were collected monthly at two sites of the RPPNBR from May 2014 to July 2015 using dippers and aquatic pipettes. The diversity of the mosquito community was described using the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index (H′), as well as diversity, richness, and dominance of species found in different larval habitats (lake, bamboos, bromeliads, and artificial vessels). The Mann–Whitney test was used to calculate differences between the two natural and artificial habitats. Overall, 15,659 specimens belonging to 25 species, ten genera, and two subfamilies were collected. The most abundant species collected at sites that were reforested recently were Culex pleuristriatus Theobald, 1903, Limatus durhamii (Theobald, 1901), Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895), Culex neglectus (Lutz, 1904), and Culex retrosus (Lane & Whitman, 1951). In a forest preserved site, the most abundant species were Cx. neglectus, Culex iridescens (Lutz, 1905), Sabethes identicus (Dyar & Knab, 1907), Wyeomyia arthrostigma (Lutz, 1905), and Li. durhamii. With respect to larval habitats, 0.1% of the specimens were collected along the edge of a lake, 5.5% in bamboos, 35.9% in bromeliads, and 58.4% in artificial containers. Only 5.5% of the specimens were collected in the forest preserved site, with the remaining samples from the site with altered vegetation. A greater species richness and diversity were found in forest-altered sites compared to the forest preserved site. Several species were collected in the water accumulated in the nylon lids of plastic water tanks. Such vessels can promote an increase in mosquito population density in the environment surrounding the study area.

Download Full-text

Sheep nemabiome diversity and its response to anthelmintic treatment in Swedish sheep herds

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04602-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Peter Halvarsson ◽

Johan Höglund

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Anthelmintic Treatment ◽

Host Age ◽

Larval Culture ◽

Nematode Parasites ◽

South Central ◽

Nematode Diversity

Abstract Background A novel way to study the species composition and diversity of nematode parasites in livestock is to perform deep sequencing on composite samples containing a mixture of different species. Herein we describe for the first time the nematode community structures (nemabiomes) inhabiting Swedish sheep and how these are/were affected by host age and recent anthelmintic treatments. Methods A total of 158 fecal samples were collected (n = 35 in 2007 and n = 123 in 2013–2016) and cultured from groups of sheep on 61 commercial farms in the south-central part of the country where most animals are grazed. Among the samples, 2 × 44 (56%) were paired collections from the same groups pre- and post-treatment with anthelmintics such as macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles or levamisole. Samples were analyzed for their nemabiome using the PacBio platform followed by bioinformatic sequence analysis with SCATA. Species richness and diversity were calculated and analyzed in R. Results Nematode ITS2 sequences were found in all larval culture samples except two, even though the fecal egg counts were below the McMaster threshold in 20 samples. Sequencing yielded, on average, 1008 sequences per sample. In total, 16 operational taxonomical units (OTU), all with ≥ 98 % identity to sequences in the NCBI database, were recognized. The OTUs found represented nematode species of which ten are commonly associated with sheep. Multiple species were identified in all pre-anthelmintic treatment larval culture samples. No effects on nematode diversity were found in relation to host age. On the other hand, recent anthelmintic treatment lowered species richness, especially after use of ivermectin and albendazole. Interestingly, despite zero egg counts after use of levamisole, these samples still contained nematode DNA and especially H. contortus. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that nemabiome analysis combined with diversity index analysis provides an objective methodology in the study of the efficacy of anthelmintic treatment as both high and low abundant species were detected.

Download Full-text

Bat diversity of Ilha da Marambaia, Southern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (Chiroptera, Mammalia)

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842010000300007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 511-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

EC. Lourenço ◽

LM. Costa ◽

RM. Silva ◽

CEL. Esbérard

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Abundance Patterns ◽

Molossus Molossus ◽

Bat Diversity ◽

Janeiro State

Few sites have been well sampled for bats, and samplings in islands are even scarcer. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to list the bat species of Ilha da Marambaia; (2) to compare richness, abundance and biomass of bat guilds found there; (3) to analyse abundance patterns of bat species; and (4) to compare richness, abundance and composition of the bat fauna among different kinds of environment. To capture bats we used mist nets set in five different environments, totalising 3559.2 net-hours, during 37 nights between October 2006 and August 2008. A total of 1,133 captures were accomplished, comprising 34 species from five families. The most abundant species was Molossus molossus. Frugivorous bats exhibited higher richness, abundance and biomass if compared to other guilds. Most species (N = 22) exhibited abundances between 1 to 10% of all captures. Sixteen species were restricted to just one of the environments sampled. The high richness may be attributed to sampling carried out in several environments, and to the capture of insectivorous species over water bodies.

Download Full-text

A checklist of gilled mushrooms (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes) with diversity analysis in Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.1770.7.15.8272-8287 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (15) ◽

pp. 8272 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Girish Gogoi ◽

Vipin Parkash

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Shannon Diversity Index ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Shannon Diversity ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Simpson Diversity Index ◽

Richness Index

Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary is comprised of five distinct compartments. A total of 138 species of gilled mushrooms belonging to 48 genera, 23 families, five orders of the class Agaricomycetes, division Basidiomycota, have been collected and analyzed. The order Agaricales was was found with the highest number of species (113), followed by Russulales (14), Polyporales (5), Cantharellales (4) and Boletales (2). The species Coprinellus disseminatus and Megacollybia rodmani have shown the highest (8.26) and the lowest density (0.05), respectively. A total of 24 species, e.g., Termitomyces albuminosus, Marasmius curreyi, Marasmiellus candidus, Leucocoprinus medioflavus, Mycena leaiana, Hygrocybe miniata, Collybia chrysoropha, Gymnopus confluens were common with frequency percentage of 11.9, whereas Megacollybia rodmani with less frequency percentage (2.4) was found only in few quadrates of the sanctuary. The highly abundant species were Termitomyces medius (91.7) and Coprinellus disseminatus (86.8), and less abundant species were Psilocybe wayanadensis (1.0) and Lepiota sp. (1.0) in the study site. The order of the species richness index (R) compartment wise was 2>3>4>5>1. Both the Shannon diversity index and Simpson diversity index of agarics was maximum (1.88, 0.98) in compartment 2, whereas minimum (1.72, 0.95) in compartment 1 and 5, respectively. Moreover, the compartment 2 was found very much similar with compartment 3 and very less similar with compartment 1.<div> </div>

Download Full-text

Herpetofauna of an Atlantic rainforest area (Morro São João) in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652008000200007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 291-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Mauricio Almeida-Gomes ◽

Davor Vrcibradic ◽

Carla C. Siqueira ◽

Mara C. Kiefer ◽

Thaís Klaion ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Study Data ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Plot Sampling ◽

Reptile Species ◽

The World ◽

Janeiro State

We studied the herpetofaunal community from the Atlantic forest of Morro São João, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and present data on species composition, richness, relative abundance and densities. We combined three sampling methods: plot sampling, visual encounter surveys and pit-fall traps. We recorded sixteen species of amphibians and nine of reptiles. The estimated densities (based on results of plot sampling) were 4.5 ind/100 m2 for amphibians and 0.8 ind/100 m² for lizards, and the overall density (amphibians and lizards) was 5.3 ind/100 m². For amphibians, Eleutherodactylus and Scinax were the most speciose genera with three species each, and Eleutherodactylus binotatus was the most abundant species (mean density of 3.0 frogs/100 m²). The reptile community of Morro São João was dominated by species of the families Gekkonidae and Gymnophtalmidae (Lacertilia) and Colubridae (Serpentes). The gymnophtalmid lizard Leposoma scincoides was the most abundant reptile species (mean density of 0.3 ind/100 m²). We compare densities obtained in our study data with those of other studied rainforest sites in various tropical regions of the world.

Download Full-text

Butterfly diversity of Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja District, Gandaki Province, Nepal

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.6635.13.7.18827-18845 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 18827-18845

Author(s):

Kismat Neupane ◽

Mahamad Sayab Miya

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Butterfly Diversity ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

A study was carried out to find the butterfly species diversity and abundance in Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja, Gandaki, Nepal, from June 2019 to July 2020. Pollard walk method was used for data collection in three different habitat types: forest, agricultural land, and settlement area. The study was performed in all seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, post monsoon and winter. A total of 180 butterfly species from 108 genera and six families were recorded. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was 4.48. The highest diversity was represented by the Nymphalidae with 67 species (H= 3.79). Butterfly diversity and species abundance was highest in the forest area (147 species, 1199 individuals; H= 4.47). The highest species richness (109 species) was observed in the monsoon season.

Download Full-text

Diversidade e distribuição de ninfas de Plecoptera (Insecta) por substratos em rios do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v10i2.680 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 76-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernanda Avelino Capistrano ◽

Gisele Luziane de Almeida ◽

Leandro Silva Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Biological Similarity ◽

Para Determinar ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Janeiro State

Resumo. No presente estudo procuramos entender o principal substrato de ocorrência de ninfas de Plecoptera (Insecta) em rios do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). As coletadas das ninfas foram realizadas entre agosto/2008 a março/2009, em cinco riachos localizados a 200 m de altitude. Foram investigados cinco tipos diferentes de substrato: areia, folhiço retido, folhiço de fundo, rocha com musgo e rocha solta lisa. Além da coleta de imaturos, a temperatura da água e do ar, o pH, a largura e a profundidade dos riachos, e a velocidade da água (método de flutuação) foram medidas. A Análise de Espécies Indicadoras e o Teste de Monte Carlo foram utilizados para determinar a preferência de habitats pelas morfoespécies. O índice de Shannon foi utilizado para verificar a maior diversidade entre os substratos e os rios. Uma análise de agrupamento foi realizada a fim de verificar a similaridade física e biológica dos rios. Um total de 559 ninfas foi coletado e distribuídos em seis morfoespécies. O substrato ‘folhiço retido’ mostrou-se como o de maior abundância e riqueza em todos os riachos estudados. A heterogeneidade de substratos foi apontada como principal fator de diversidade entre os pontos de coleta.Diversity and substrate distribution of Plecoptera nymphs (Insecta) in strems of Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilAbstract. The present study contributes to the understanding the main substrate where Plecoptera nymphs have occur in streams of Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (Rio de Janeiro municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). The collects of the nymphs were realized between August 2008 to March 2009, in five streams located at 200 m. asl. Five different substrates were investigated: sand, litter deposited in pool areas, litter in riffle areas, stones with moss and free stones. In addition to the collection of nymphs, water and air temperatures, pH, width and depth of the streams, and water velocity (float method) were measurement. The Indicator Species Analyses and Monte Carlo Test were used to determine the habitat distributions of the insects. The Shannon Index was used to verify the diversity index of streams and substrates. The Cluster Analysis using the similarity index of Morisita, was used to verify the physical and biological similarity of the streams studied. A total of 559 nymphs were collected and distributed by six taxa. The litter was the substrate with high abundance and diversity. The heterogeneity of substrates maybe the factor to explain the diversity between the areas collected.

Download Full-text

Spatial and temporal distribution of Culicoides species in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia between 1990 and 2018

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249468

Author(s):

Biniam T. Lakew ◽

Adrian H. Nicholas ◽

Stephen W. Walkden-Brown

Keyword(s):

New England ◽

Diversity Index ◽

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Widespread Species ◽

South Wales ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Evenness Indices

Culicoides are one of the smallest hematophagous flies measuring 1–5 mm in size with only females seeking blood for egg development. The present study investigated spatio-temporal distribution of Culicoides species trapped between 1990 and 2018 at 13 sites in the New England region of NSW, Australia using automated light traps. Trapping locations were divided into three subregions (tablelands, slopes and plains). Nineteen Culicoides species were identified. Culicoides marksi and C. austropalpalis were the most abundant and widespread species. Culicoides brevitarsis, the principal vector of livestock diseases in New South Wales comprised 2.9% of the total catch and was detected in 12 of the 13 locations in the study. Abundance as determined by Log10 Culicoides count per trapping event for the eight most abundant species did not vary significantly with season but trended towards higher counts in summer for C. marksi (P = 0.09) and C. austropalpalis (P = 0.05). Significant geographic variation in abundance was observed for C. marksi, C. austropalpalis and C. dycei with counts decreasing with increasing altitude from the plains to the slopes and tablelands. Culicoides victoriae exhibited the reverse trend in abundance (P = 0.08). Greater abundance during the warmer seasons and at lower altitudes for C. marksi and C. austropalpalis was indicative of temperature and rainfall dependence in this region with moderate summer dominance in rainfall. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of species was higher on the tablelands (H = 1.59) than the slopes (H = 1.33) and plains (H = 1.08) with evenness indices of 0.62, 0.46 and 0.39 respectively. Culicoides species on the tablelands were more diverse than on the slopes and plains where C. marksi and C. austropalpalis dominated. The temporal and spatial variation in abundance, diversity and evenness of species reported in this diverse region of Australia provides additional insight into Culicoides as pests and disease vectors and may contribute to future modelling studies.

Download Full-text

Parameters from the community of leaf-litter frogs from Estação Ecológica Estadual Paraíso, Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652011005000036 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 1259-1268 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carlos F.D. Rocha ◽

Davor Vrcibradic ◽

Mara C. Kiefer ◽

Carla C. Siqueira ◽

Mauricio Almeida-Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Central America ◽

Leaf Litter ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Plot Sampling ◽

Janeiro State

We studied the leaf-litter frog community of Estação Ecológica Estadual Paraíso, in Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. Herein we combined three sampling methods (large plots, visual encounter surveys and pit-fall traps) to present data on species composition, richness, relative abundance and densities. The local assemblage of frogs associated to the leaf-litter was composed by 14 species, belonging to nine families. Haddadus binotatus, a direct-developing frog, was the most abundant species in the community. The estimated density of the local leaf-litter frog assemblage based on plot sampling was 4.3 frogs/100 m². Haddadus binotatus had the highest density (1.1 ind/100 m²). Frogs were predominantly found at night. Thoropa miliaris had the largest values of SVL (39.0 ± 10.3 mm), whereas the smallest species were Euparkerella brasiliensis (16.7 ± 2.2 mm) and E. cochranae (16.0 ± 2.7 mm). Rhinella ornata had the highest mean body mass (12.1 ± 7.5 g), and E. cochranae the lowest (0.4 ± 0.2 g). The overall frog mass was 938.6 g/ha. Our data support that higher densities of leaf-litter frogs tend to occur in the Neotropical region compared to the OldWorld tropics, tending to be higher in Central America than in South America.

Download Full-text

FITOSSOCIOLOGIA DO COMPONENTE ARBÓREO NUM REMANESCENTE DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA SUBMONTANA LIMÍTROFE À RESERVA BIOLÓGICA DO TINGUÁ, RIO DE JANEIRO

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v40i1.17103 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Felipe De Araújo Pinto Sobrinho ◽

Alexandre Gabriel Christo ◽

Rejan Rodrigues Guedes-Bruni

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Total Density ◽

Important Species ◽

Accumulation Curve ◽

Secondary Stage ◽

Structural Aspects ◽

Janeiro State ◽

Biological Reserve

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os aspectos florísticos e estruturais do componente arbóreo em um fragmento alterado de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana pertencente à Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Centro de Ecologia e Cidadania do Tinguá (CEC Tinguá), no entorno da Reserva Biológica do Tinguá (RJ). Empregou-se para amostragem o método de parcelas, sendo incluídos todos os indivíduos com 5 cm ou mais de diâmetro a 1,3 m de altura do fuste (DAP). Foram amostrados 277 indivíduos, distribuídos em 21 famílias e 53 espécies, resultando em uma densidade total de 1.385 ind.ha-1. As famílias com maior riqueza de espécies foram: Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Apocynaceae e Melastomataceae. A curva do coletor indicou saturação na amostragem. As espécies mais importantes foram: Pseudopiptadenia contorta, Lacistema pubecens, Apuleia leiocarpa e Aiouea saligna. O baixo índice de diversidade de Shannon, juntamente com as características estruturais e os grupos funcionais predominantes indicam que o remanescente encontra-se em estádio secundário de sucessão. Palavras-chave: Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana; florística e estrutura; categorias sucessionais. Abstract Phytosociologic of a arboreus component of the remanent of Tropical Submontane Rainforest on the bordering of Tingua Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro. The objective of this work was to describe the floristic and structural aspects of the arboreal component in an altered Tropical Submontane Rainforest at Center of Ecology and Citizenship of the Tinguá (CEC Tinguá) Private Natural Heritage Reserves next to the Biological Reserve of Tinguá, Rio de Janeiro State. Using the plot method we included all individuals with diameter at 1,3 m (D.B.H.) ≥ 5cm. A total of 277 individuals were sampled, distributed in 21 families and 53 species, resulting in a total density of 1.385 ind.ha-1. The species accumulation curve indicated saturation in the sampling. Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae Apocynaceae e Melastomataceae showed the highest values of species richness. The most important species were Pseudopiptadenia contorta, Lacistema pubecens, Apuleia leiocarpa and Aiouea saligna. The Low Shannon diversity index (H') together with the structural characteristics and the dominating functional groups of species indicating that the remainder finds itself in a secondary stage of succession.Keywords: Dense Ombrophilous Submontane Forest; Floristic and structure; successional categories.

Download Full-text

A survey of tire-breeding mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Dominican Republic: Considerations about a pressing issue

Biomédica ◽

10.7705/biomedica.5200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 507-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mikel A. González ◽

María Altagracia Rodríguez-Sosa ◽

Yohan Enmanuel Vásquez-Bautista ◽

Elizabeth del Carmen Rosario ◽

Jesús Confesor Durán-Tiburcio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Dominican Republic ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Human Populations ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Larval Habitats ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Artificial Reservoirs

Introduction: Discarded vehicle tires represent a serious threat both to the environment and to public health as they have the potential to harbor important mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vectors.Objective: To assess the importance of used vehicle tires as larval habitats for mosquito fauna that colonize these artificial reservoirs in Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic.Materials and methods: Used tires were sampled with pipettes at specialized tire fitting shops and scattered stockpiles of tires between June and August, 2018.Results: We sampled 396 tires; 57 (Container Index=14.4%) were positive for immature stages and contained 2,400 specimens, 11 species, and four genera (Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, and Toxorhynchites). The most abundant species was Aedes albopictus (42.3%) followed by Aedes aegypti (34.3%), and Culex quinquefasciatus (14.0%) while other species (9.4%) were less abundant. The container index varied significantly among the different tire sizes (χ2=13.4; p≤0.05). The highest infestation levels were found in the largest tires. A low positive correlation (r=0.38, n=396; p≤0.001) between the tire size and the prevalence of immature stages was recorded. The presence of organic matter had an overall positive effect on the infestation levels (U=11,430.0; p≤0.001).Conclusions: These rubber residues, usually located nearby human populations, represent suitable breeding sites for arboviruses vectors such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and West Nile.

Download Full-text