scholarly journals High Intake of Free Sugars, Fructose, and Sucrose Is Associated with Weight Gain in Japanese Men

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiyo Yamakawa ◽  
Keiko Wada ◽  
Sachi Koda ◽  
Fumi Mizuta ◽  
Takahiro Uji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Artery Disease

ABSTRACT Background Available evidence for associations between sugar intake and body weight is largely from short-term controlled trials and studies focusing on sugar-sweetened beverages. Studies on long-term weight change related to the intake of types of sugar are thus needed. Objective We examined the associations between weight change and the intake of various types of carbohydrates, including starch, total sugars, and free or naturally occurring sugars and saccharides (i.e., glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactose), among Japanese men and women. Methods This prospective cohort study included 14,971 residents of Takayama City in Japan who were aged 35–69 y at the first survey in 1992 and responded to a self-administrated questionnaire at the second survey in 2002. We excluded those with cancer, coronary artery disease, stroke, or diabetes on the first survey and those with missing information about body weight on both surveys, leaving 13,229 participants for analysis (5879 men and 7350 women). Mean (95% CI) values of 10-y weight change according to types of carbohydrates were estimated using linear regression models with adjustment for total energy intake and other dietary and lifestyle factors. Dietary intake was assessed at the first survey using a validated FFQ. Results Among men, free sugar intake was associated with weight gain and the estimated means (95% CIs) of weight change were −0.60 (−0.67, −0.54), −0.31 (−0.38, −0.24), −0.12 (−0.19, −0.05), and 0.20 (0.13, 0.27) kg from the first to fourth quartiles (P-trend = 0.002). Moreover, high intakes of sucrose and fructose were associated with weight gain (P-trend: 0.018 for sucrose and 0.001 for fructose). Among women, the intake of any type of carbohydrate was not significantly associated with weight change. Conclusions These results suggested that high intakes of free sugars, sucrose, and fructose were associated with long-term weight gain among Japanese men.

Abstract P051: Lifestyle Change In Mid-life And Long-term Weight Gain In Women With And Without History Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxi Yang ◽  
Janet Rich-Edwards ◽  
Molin Wang ◽  
Wafaie W Fawzi ◽  
Cuilin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Lifestyle Change ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Identifying strategies to mitigate gradual long-term weight gain is critical for preventing obesity and its related chronic diseases, particularly for persons at high risk, such as women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We prospectively examined the independent associations between lifestyle changes in mid-life with long-term weight change among women with and without a history of GDM. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that favorable improvements in lifestyle would be associated with less long-term weight gain, particularly among women with a history of GDM. Methods: We used data from the longitudinal Nurses’ Health Study II, with self-reported lifestyle, diet via food frequency questionnaire, and body weight updated every 2-4 years. We analyzed repeated 4-year changes of the following lifestyle factors among parous women after age 40: adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (Alternate Healthy Eating Index score [AHEI]), physical activity (MET-hrs/wk), moderate alcohol intake (servings/d), and non-smoking, in relation to concurrent 4-year change in body weight (lb). We used multivariable generalized estimating equation models to estimate the least-squares mean of 4-year weight change and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each lifestyle change category (e.g., decrease, remain stable, and increase). Results: Our analysis included 61,637 women, of which 3,444 (5.6%) had a history of GDM. Mean of repeated 4-year weight change after age 40 was 3.0 lb (SD=14.3). Improving diet was associated with favorable 4-year weight change, particularly among women with a history of GDM vs. without GDM (AHEI score change from low to high: -6.3 lb [CI: -9.3, -3.4] vs. -2.7 lb [CI: -3.2, -2.2], respectively; p-interaction=0.04). Increasing physical activity was associated with weight maintenance for GDM women only (MET-hrs/wk change from low to high: 0.6 lb [95% CI: -0.6, 1.7] vs. 2.0 lb [95% CI: 1.8, 2.2] for GDM vs. non-GDM, respectively; p-interaction=0.01). Reducing alcohol (decreased servings/d: 1.9 lb [95% CI: 1.2, 2.6] and 2.8 lb [95% CI: 2.6, 2.9] for GDM vs. non-GDM, respectively) and smoking cessation (recent quitter: 9.8 lb [95% CI: 7.1, 12.5] and 8.5 lb [95% CI: 8.0, 9.1] for GDM vs. non-GDM, respectively) were associated with similar patterns in weight change for women with and without prior GDM. Further, the joint association of improving both diet and physical activity from low to high was related to -12.3 lb (95% CI: -19.5, -5.0) and -6.1 lb (95% CI: -8.0, -4.2) of weight loss for GDM vs. non-GDM women, respectively. Conclusions: We observed that attainable improvements in diet quality and physical activity were associated with weight gain prevention. These findings support continued efforts to improve lifestyle as a beneficial strategy to prevent long-term weight gain, particularly among women with a history of GDM.

Relation of long-term body weight change to change in lipoprotein particle size in Japanese men and women: The INTERMAP Toyama Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Naganuma ◽  
Masaru Sakurai ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Katsushi Yoshita ◽  
Yuko Morikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle Size

scholarly journals Differences in 5-year weight change between younger and older US firefighters

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Mathias ◽  
Yuchen Wu ◽  
Donald F. Stewart ◽  
Denise L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background Research consistently finds that, on average, firefighters gain weight over time and some data indicate that younger firefighters are more likely to gain weight than older firefighters. The purpose of this study was to estimate the 5-year weight change among younger and older US firefighters. Methods Data from two occupational medical exams separated by 5 years (2009–2016) were examined from a cohort of US career firefighters in Virginia (males, n = 589; females, n = 67). The cohort was grouped into two age categories (< 45 years and ≥ 45 years). Weight change subgroups were Loss (decrease of > 3% body weight), Stable (within ±3% body weight) and Gain (increase of > 3% body weight). Multinomial logistic regression models and linear regression models were conducted to examine differences in the probability of being in a particular weight change category, weight change overall and by weight change category between younger and older firefighters. Results At baseline, 25 and 35% of younger (< 45 years) and older (≥ 45 years) were obese, respectively. Younger firefighters gained significantly (P < 0.05) more weight (3.0 ± 0.2 kg) than older firefighters (0.8 ± 0.5 kg). Younger firefighters were more likely to gain weight (53% versus 39%) and less likely (10% versus 20%) to lose weight as compared to older firefighters. Smaller weight gains were associated with age and BMI with the smallest increases observed in overweight and obese firefighters ≥45 years of age. Conclusions Health care providers should be attentive to weight gain, even among young non-obese firefighters, and counsel firefighters to avoid the additive risks of being older and heavier. In addition, weight loss/management programs should be promoted in the fire service to encourage healthy body weight and to prevent unhealthy weight gain among both young and old firefighters alike.

scholarly journals Associations between Free Sugar and Sugary Beverage Intake in Early Childhood and Adult NAFLD in a Population-Based UK Cohort

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Ahlia Sekkarie ◽  
Jean A. Welsh ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Aryeh D. Stein ◽  
Usha Ramakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Sugary Beverages ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

(1) Background: High sugar intake is prevalent among children and is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study is to determine if a high intake of free sugars and sugary beverages (SB) in childhood is associated with NAFLD in adulthood; (2) Methods: At 24 years, 3095 participants were assessed for severe hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter >280 dB/m) and had dietary data collected via a food frequency questionnaire at age three years. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for total energy intake, potential confounders, and a mediator (offspring body mass index (BMI) at 24 years); (3) Results: Per quintile increase of free sugar intake association with severe hepatic steatosis at 24 years after adjusting for total energy was odds ratio (OR):1.07 (95% CL: 0.99–1.17). Comparing the lowest vs. the highest free sugar consumers, the association was OR:1.28 (95% CL: 0.88–1.85) and 1.14 (0.72, 1.82) after full adjustment. The OR for high SB consumption (>2/day) compared to <1/day was 1.23 (95% CL: 0.82–1.84) and OR: 0.98 (95% CL: 0.60–1.60) after full adjustment; (4) Conclusions: High free sugar and SB intake at three years were positively but weakly associated with severe hepatic steatosis at 24 years. These associations were completely attenuated after adjusting for confounders and 24-year BMI.

scholarly journals Patterns and demographic predictors of 5-year weight change in a multi-ethnic cohort of men and women in Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Ball ◽  
David Crawford ◽  
Paul Ireland ◽  
Allison Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Healthy Weight

AbstractObjective:This study investigated 5-year trends in body weight, overweight and obesity and their association with sociodemographic variables in a large, multi-ethnic community sample of Australian adults.Design:This prospective population study used baseline and 5-year follow-up data from participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS).Setting:Population study in Melbourne, Australia.Subjects:In total, 12 125 men and 17 674 women aged 35–69 years at baseline.Results:Mean 5-year weight change in this sample was +1.58 (standard deviation (SD) 4.82) kg for men and +2.42 (SD 5.17) kg for women. Younger (35–44 years) men and, in particular, women gained more weight than older adults and were at highest risk of major weight gain (≥5 kg) and becoming overweight. Risk of major weight gain and associations between demographic variables and weight change did not vary greatly by ethnicity. Education level showed complex associations with weight outcomes that differed by sex and ethnicity. Multivariate analyses showed that, among men, higher initial body weight was associated with decreased likelihood of major weight gain, whereas among women, those initially overweight or obese were about 20% more likely to experience major weight gain than underweight or healthy weight women.Conclusions:Findings of widespread weight gain across this entire population sample, and particularly among younger women and women who were already overweight, are a cause for alarm. The prevention of weight gain and obesity across the entire population should be an urgent public health priority. Young-to-mid adulthood appears to be a critical time to intervene to prevent future weight gain.

scholarly journals Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of the effects on blood pressure and lipids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Te Morenga ◽  
AJ Howatson ◽  
RM Jones ◽  
J Mann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Dietary Sugars

Background: Dietary sugars have been suggested as a cause of obesity, several chronic diseases, and a range of cardiometabolic risk factors, but there is no convincing evidence of a causal relation between sugars and risk factors other than body weight. Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that examined effects of the modification of dietary free sugars on blood pressure and lipids. Design: Systematic searches were conducted in OVID Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science databases (to August 2013) to identify studies that reported intakes of free sugars and at least one lipid or blood pressure outcome. The minimum trial duration was 2 wk. We pooled data by using inverse-variance methods with random-effects models. Results: A total of 39 of 11,517 trials identified were included; 37 trials reported lipid outcomes, and 12 trials reported blood pressure outcomes. Higher compared with lower sugar intakes significantly raised triglyceride concentrations [mean difference (MD):0.11 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.15 mmol/L; P < 0.0001], total cholesterol (MD: 0.16 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.24 mmol/L; P < 0.0001), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (0.12 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.19 mmol/L; P = 0.0001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: 0.02 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.03 mmol/L; P = 0.03). Subgroup analyses showed the most marked relation between sugar intakes and lipids in studies in which efforts were made to ensure an energy balance and when no difference in weight change was reported. Potential explanatory factors, including a weight change, in most instances explained <15% of the heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 36-75%). The effect of sugar intake on blood pressure was greatest in trials ≥8 wk in duration [MD: 6.9 mm Hg (95% CI: 3.4, 10.3 mm Hg; P<0.001) for systolic blood pressure and 5.6 mm Hg (95% CI: 2.5, 8.8 mm Hg; P = 0.0005) for diastolic blood pressure]. Conclusions: Dietary sugars influence blood pressure and serum lipids. The relation is independent of effects of sugars on body weight. Protocols for this review were registered separately for effects of sugars on blood pressure and lipids in the PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews as PROSPERO 2012: CRD42012002379 and 2012: CRD42012002437, respectively. © 2014 American Society for Nutrition.

scholarly journals Body weight change and its association with food and beverage consumption during COVID-19 confinement: A study in 12 Ibero-American countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Cavagnari ◽  
María Fernanda Vinueza-Veloz ◽  
Valeria Carpio-Arias ◽  
Samuel Durán-Agüero ◽  
Isabel Ríos-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Fried Foods ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2, a newly identified coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has challenged health services and profoundly impacted people's lifestyle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic on food consumption patterns and body weight in adults from 12 Ibero-American countriesMethods: Multicentric, cross-sectional study. Data was collected using an online survey disseminated by social networks. Sample included 10 552 people from Spain and 11 Latin American countries who were selected by snowball sampling.Results: While 38.50% of the sample reported weight gain, 16.90% reported weight lost. Weight change was associated to sex, age, country of residence and education level. People who were not confined, more often reported having maintained their weight in comparison to people who were confined. All Latin American countries showed an increased consumption of sweetened drinks, pastry products, fried foods and alcoholic beverages during confinement. Consumption of eggs and dairy products was independent from body weigh change. People who consumed more fruits and vegetables during the confinement more often reported having lose weight. In contrast, body weight gain during confinement was associated with increased intake of sugary drinks, baked goods and pastries, pizza, fried foods and alcoholic beverages.Conclusions: During COVID-19 confinement all the Latin American countries included in this study showed a change in their consumption patterns toward less healthy diets, which in turn was associated with an increase in the body weight of their population.

scholarly journals Regulation of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation by short-chain fatty acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. R1-R8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia H Sukkar ◽  
Aaron M Lett ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
Edward S Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Present Review

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced from the fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota. High-fibre diets have been associated with lower weight gain and a number of reports have therefore investigated if these positive effects of a dietary fibre on body weight can be replicated through the direct administration of SCFAs. Many of these studies have reported that SCFAs can prevent or attenuate long-term body weight gain by increasing energy expenditure through increased lipid oxidation. The aim of the present review is to therefore evaluate the current evidence for an effect of SCFAs on whole-body energy expenditure and to assess the potential underlying mechanisms. The available data highlights that SCFAs can exert multiple effects at various organ and tissue sites that would cumulatively raise energy expenditure via a promotion of lipid oxidation. In conclusion, the present review proposes that dietary interventions and other therapies that augment gut-derived SCFAs and systemic availability may present an effective strategy to improve long-term energy balance and body weight management.

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