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Background: Theimpact of happiness and life satisfaction on cancer mortality is not well studied. Using a longitudinal dataset, we examined the association between levels of happiness/life satisfaction and cancer mortality in the United States. Methods: We analyzed the 2001 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) prospectively linked to 2001-2014 mortality records in the National Death Index (NDI) (N=30,933). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model survival time as a function of happiness, life satisfaction, and sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Results: In Cox models with 14 years of mortality follow-up, cancer mortality risk was 78% higher (hazard ratio [HR]=1.78; 95% CI=1.42,2.23) in adults with little or no happiness, controlling for age, and 53% higher (HR=1.53; 95% CI=1.19,1.97) in adults with little/no happiness, controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral and health characteristics, when compared with adults reporting happiness most or all of the time. Age-adjusted cancer mortality risk increased by 41% (HR=1.41; 95% CI=1.21,1.77) in adults who were very dissatisfied with their life. Cancer mortality did not vary by life satisfaction after adjusting for all covariates. Conclusions and Implications for Translation: Adults with lower happiness levels had significantly higher cancer mortality risks than those with higher happiness levels. Excess mortality was substantially accounted for by sociodemographic, behavioral, and health risk factors. Key words: • Happiness • Life satisfaction • Cancer • Mortality • Longitudinal • Social determinants Copyright © 2020 Lee and Singh. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

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The Association Between Psychological Distress and Cancer Mortality in the United States: Results from the 1997–2014 NHIS-NDI Record Linkage Study

Annals of Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/abm/kaaa111 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hyunjung Lee ◽

Gopal K Singh

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

Distress Scale ◽

Cancer Mortality Risk

Abstract Background/Purpose Psychological distress can influence cancer mortality through socioeconomic disadvantage, health-risk behaviors, or reduced access to care. These disadvantages can result in higher risks of cancer occurrence, a delayed cancer diagnosis, hamper adherence to treatment, and provoke inflammatory responses leading to cancer. Previous studies have linked psychological distress to cancer mortality. However, studies are lacking for the U.S. population. Methods This study examines the Kessler six-item psychological distress scale as a risk factor for U.S. cancer mortality using the pooled 1997–2014 data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked to National Death Index (NDI) (N = 513,012). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model survival time as a function of psychological distress and sociodemographic and behavioral covariates. Results In Cox models with 18 years of mortality follow-up, the cancer mortality risk was 80% higher (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.64, 1.97) controlling for age; 61% higher (HR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.46, 1.76) in the SES-adjusted model, and 33% higher (HR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.21, 1.46) in the fully-adjusted model among adults with serious psychological distress (SPD), compared with adults without psychological distress. Males, non-Hispanic Whites, and adults with incomes at or above 400% of the federal poverty level had greater cancer mortality risk associated with SPD. Using an 8 years of mortality follow-up, those with SPD had 108% increased adjusted risks of mortality from breast cancer. Conclusion Our study findings underscore the significance of addressing psychological well-being in the population as a strategy for reducing cancer mortality.

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133: Comparisons of Prostate Cancer Mortality Rates with Changes in Dietary Practices in the United States from 1930 to 2000

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)32400-5 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 175 (4S) ◽

pp. 42-43

Author(s):

Jan L. Colli ◽

Albert Colli

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

United States ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Prostate Cancer Mortality

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Nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality in the United States, 1969 through 1988

Archives of Dermatology ◽

10.1001/archderm.129.10.1286 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 129 (10) ◽

pp. 1286-1290 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. A. Weinstock

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

The United States ◽

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

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Outcomes for Children and Adolescents With Cancer: Challenges for the Twenty-First Century

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.0421 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (15) ◽

pp. 2625-2634 ◽

Cited By ~ 593

Author(s):

Malcolm A. Smith ◽

Nita L. Seibel ◽

Sean F. Altekruse ◽

Lynn A.G. Ries ◽

Danielle L. Melbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Childhood Cancer ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Childhood Cancers ◽

Essential Information ◽

The Impact

Purpose This report provides an overview of current childhood cancer statistics to facilitate analysis of the impact of past research discoveries on outcome and provide essential information for prioritizing future research directions. Methods Incidence and survival data for childhood cancers came from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 (SEER 9) registries, and mortality data were based on deaths in the United States that were reported by states to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by underlying cause. Results Childhood cancer incidence rates increased significantly from 1975 through 2006, with increasing rates for acute lymphoblastic leukemia being most notable. Childhood cancer mortality rates declined by more than 50% between 1975 and 2006. For leukemias and lymphomas, significantly decreasing mortality rates were observed throughout the 32-year period, though the rate of decline slowed somewhat after 1998. For remaining childhood cancers, significantly decreasing mortality rates were observed from 1975 to 1996, with stable rates from 1996 through 2006. Increased survival rates were observed for all categories of childhood cancers studied, with the extent and temporal pace of the increases varying by diagnosis. Conclusion When 1975 age-specific death rates for children are used as a baseline, approximately 38,000 childhood malignant cancer deaths were averted in the United States from 1975 through 2006 as a result of more effective treatments identified and applied during this period. Continued success in reducing childhood cancer mortality will require new treatment paradigms building on an increased understanding of the molecular processes that promote growth and survival of specific childhood cancers.

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Dietary patterns related to total mortality and cancer mortality in the United States

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/s10552-021-01478-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcela R. Entwistle ◽

Donald Schweizer ◽

Ricardo Cisneros

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Principal Component ◽

The United States ◽

Red Meat ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the association between dietary patterns, total mortality, and cancer mortality in the United States. Methods We identified the four major dietary patterns at baseline from 13,466 participants of the NHANES III cohort using principal component analysis (PCA). Dietary patterns were categorized into ‘prudent’ (fruits and vegetables), ‘western’ (red meat, sweets, pastries, oils), ‘traditional’ (red meat, legumes, potatoes, bread), and ‘fish and alcohol’. We estimated hazard ratios for total mortality, and cancer mortality using Cox regression models. Results A total of 4,963 deaths were documented after a mean follow-up of 19.59 years. Higher adherence to the ‘prudent’ pattern was associated with the lowest risk of total mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98), with evidence that all-cause mortality decreased as consumption of the pattern increased. No evidence was found that the ‘prudent’ pattern reduced cancer mortality. The ‘western’ and the ‘traditional’ patterns were associated with up to 22% and 16% increased risk for total mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11–1.34; and 5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27, respectively), and up to 33% and 15% increased risk for cancer mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10–1.62; and 5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.24, respectively). The associations between adherence to the ‘fish and alcohol’ pattern and total mortality, and cancer mortality were not statistically significant. Conclusion Higher adherence to the ‘prudent’ diet decreased the risk of all-cause mortality but did not affect cancer mortality. Greater adherence to the ‘western’ and ‘traditional’ diet increased the risk of total mortality and mortality due to cancer.

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Identification of Vulnerable Populations and Areas at Higher Risk of COVID-19-Related Mortality during the Early Stage of the Epidemic in the United States

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4021

Author(s):

Esteban Correa-Agudelo ◽

Tesfaye B. Mersha ◽

Adam J. Branscum ◽

Neil J. MacKinnon ◽

Diego F. Cuadros

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Vulnerable Populations ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Early Stage ◽

The United States ◽

National Average ◽

Health Determinants ◽

White Population ◽

Latino Population ◽

Related Mortality

We characterized vulnerable populations located in areas at higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality and low critical healthcare capacity during the early stage of the epidemic in the United States. We analyze data obtained from a Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 database to assess the county-level spatial variation of COVID-19-related mortality risk during the early stage of the epidemic in relation to health determinants and health infrastructure. Overall, we identified highly populated and polluted areas, regional air hub areas, race minorities (non-white population), and Hispanic or Latino population with an increased risk of COVID-19-related death during the first phase of the epidemic. The 10 highest COVID-19 mortality risk areas in highly populated counties had on average a lower proportion of white population (48.0%) and higher proportions of black population (18.7%) and other races (33.3%) compared to the national averages of 83.0%, 9.1%, and 7.9%, respectively. The Hispanic and Latino population proportion was higher in these 10 counties (29.3%, compared to the national average of 9.3%). Counties with major air hubs had a 31% increase in mortality risk compared to counties with no airport connectivity. Sixty-eight percent of the counties with high COVID-19-related mortality risk also had lower critical care capacity than the national average. The disparity in health and environmental risk factors might have exacerbated the COVID-19-related mortality risk in vulnerable groups during the early stage of the epidemic.

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