The Food Allergy Parent Mentoring Program: A Pilot Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Ramos ◽  
Frances Cooke ◽  
Emily Miller ◽  
Linda Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Mentorship Program ◽  
Peer Mentorship

Abstract Objective  Parents of young children with newly diagnosed food allergy (FA) are at risk for poor psychosocial outcomes due to FA’s life-threatening nature and demanding management routines. Presently, there are no interventions to support FA parents during this adjustment phase. This single-arm pilot study explores the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a novel intervention using peer mentorship to improve psychosocial functioning in parents of young children with newly diagnosed FA. Methods  Parent mentors were trained in mentorship and ethics and then matched with a mentee for a 6-month intervention period. Mentees, parents of children (under age 5 years) diagnosed with FA within 1 year, completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires to assess demographic and medical characteristics, FA knowledge, quality of life, self-efficacy, and social support and a program evaluation. Follow-up focus groups with mentors and individual interviews with mentees were conducted. Results  Participants were 8 mentors and 10 mentees (Mage = 36.60 years, 80% Caucasian) of children ages 0–3 years (Mage = 16.15 months; 60% male). Mentees reported high acceptability for the intervention in program evaluation and interviews, noting improvements in their social support, FA-related stress, confidence in FA management, and positive changes in FA parenting behaviors. Conclusion  This study supports the use of a peer mentorship program to support parents of children with newly diagnosed FA. Future research is needed to determine how to scale this intervention to meet the needs of a large medical division.

Evaluation of Pedestrian Safety Education Programs for Young Children: A Review of Methodologies

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gillam ◽  
Mark Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
School Based ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

A review of the research methodologies used to evaluate the effectiveness of pedestrian education programs for children is presented in this paper. Since pedestrian injuries are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young children it is necessary to identify and evaluate interventions which will reduce the incidence and severity of these injuries. There are, however, many methodological difficulties to be overcome by researchers attempting to establish the merit of such programs. For example, selection bias in school-based programs, lack of strict criteria for follow-up of all subjects, and an inability to control for confounding because relevant variables are not rigorously monitored are just some of the methodological limitations. This paper identifies a number of limitations and aspects of evaluation which are of ten omitted and suggests ways in which these problems may be addressed in future research.

scholarly journals 1320. HIV Care Continuum Outcomes Among Newly Diagnosed PLWH in Washington, DC

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S477-S477
Author(s):  
Maria J Jaurretche ◽  
Morgan Byrne ◽  
Lindsey J Powers Happ ◽  
Matthew E Levy ◽  
Michael A Horberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Diagnosis

Abstract Background In 2019, the US Administration announced the Ending the HIV Epidemic plan to decrease new infections. A key component is the Test and Treat plan to diagnose early, treat rapidly and achieve viral suppression (VS) among persons living with HIV (PLWH). We assessed retention in care (RIC), antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and VS among newly diagnosed PLWH in Washington, DC. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the DC Cohort, an observational longitudinal cohort of PLWH in care in 14 clinics in DC. We included participants enrolled from 2011 to 2016 whose HIV diagnosis was within 1 year of enrollment and with at least 12 months follow-up. RIC was defined as ≥2 visits or HIV lab results 90 days apart in the first year of follow-up. ART initiation was defined as being prescribed ART, VS was defined as HIV RNA <200 copies/mL, and both these outcomes were assessed at 2 time points: by 3 and 12 months. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to identify clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with RIC, ART initiation and VS. Results Among the 455 newly diagnosed participants (6% of all enrollees), median age was 33 years (IQR 25, 45), 69% were Black, 79% male, 60% MSM. Median duration of HIV at enrollment was 4.9 months (IQR 2.3, 7.7). Median nadir CD4 count was 346 cells/μL (IQR 224, 494). Of the 455, 38% had a history of AIDS, 92% were RIC, 65% initiated ART by 3 months and 17% had VS by 3 months. There were no differences by sex or race for RIC, ART initiation and VS. An AIDS diagnosis at enrollment was associated with RIC (aOR 2.28; 1.01–5.15), ART initiation by 3 months (aOR 2.41; 1.54–3.76), and VS by 12 months (aOR 1.92; 1.06–3.46). Lower nadir CD4 (aOR 0.89 per 50 cell increase; 0.84–0.94) and younger age (aOR 0.747 per 10-year increase; 0.584–0.995) were associated with ART initiation by 12 months. Conclusion Although the majority of newly diagnosed PLWH were RIC, fewer started ART or achieved VS. With a large proportion of our sample having an AIDS diagnosis at enrollment, we illustrate the ongoing challenge of late HIV diagnosis in DC. Those with AIDS at diagnosis were more likely to initiate ART within the first 3 months. As same-day ART initiation is scaled up in DC, future research can evaluate if all PLWH, regardless of AIDS status, will achieve this milestone earlier. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Overcoming the COVID-19 Pandemic for Dementia Research: Engaging Rural, Older, Racially and Ethnically Diverse Church Attendees in Remote Recruitment, Intervention and Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233372142110589
Author(s):  
Lisa Kirk Wiese ◽  
Ishan C. Williams ◽  
Nancy E. Schoenberg ◽  
James. E. Galvin ◽  
Jennifer Lingler
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Haitian Creole ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
Dementia Research

Background Access to cognitive screening in rural underserved communities is limited and was further diminished during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined whether a telephone-based cognitive screening intervention would be effective in increasing ADRD knowledge, detecting the need for further cognitive evaluation, and making and tracking the results of referrals. Method Using a dependent t-test design, older, largely African American and Afro-Caribbean participants completed a brief educational intervention, pre/post AD knowledge measure, and cognitive screening. Results Sixty of 85 eligible individuals consented. Seventy-percent of the sample self-reported as African American, Haitian Creole, or Hispanic, and 75% were female, with an average age of 70. AD knowledge pre-post scores improved significantly ( t (49) = −3.4, p < .001). Of the 11 referred after positive cognitive screening, 72% completed follow-up with their provider. Five were newly diagnosed with dementia. Three reported no change in diagnosis or treatment. Ninety-percent consented to enrolling in a registry for future research. Conclusion Remote engagement is feasible for recruiting, educating, and conducting cognitive screening with rural older adults during a pandemic.

Attachment, Social Support, and Responses following the Death of a Companion Animal

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren C. King ◽  
Paul D. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Animal Companionship ◽  
Grief Responses ◽  
Multidimensional Health

This research tested hypotheses concerning attachment, social support, and grief responses to the loss of animal companionship. Participants whose companion cat or dog had recently died ( N = 429) completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Inventory of Complicated Grief, and the Multidimensional Health Profile-Psychosocial Functioning questionnaires. Both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were found to be positively associated with respondents' grief, depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Social support was found to be negatively associated with these outcomes as well as with attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. In multiple regression analyses, attachment anxiety incrementally predicted grief, anxiety and somatic symptoms, attachment avoidance incrementally predicted grief and depression, and social support incrementally predicted all outcomes. Interaction effects of attachment and social support in relation to outcomes were not found. The present study's implications and limitations are discussed, as are directions for future research.

scholarly journals Social Support and Antibody Responses to Vaccination: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 567-574
Author(s):  
Bert N Uchino ◽  
Joshua Landvatter ◽  
Katherine Zee ◽  
Niall Bolger
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background Social support and social integration have been linked to lower rates of morbidity and mortality. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for such links need greater attention. Vaccine paradigms provide an integrative window into immune system involvement in the protective influence of social support/integration. Purpose The main aim of this article was to conduct a meta-analytic review of the association between social support/social integration and antibody responses to vaccines. Exploratory analyses also examined effect sizes and confidence intervals as a function of several factors to inform future research. Method A literature search was conducted using the ancestry approach and with PsycInfo, Medline, and the Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection by crossing the exact keywords of social support or social integration with vaccine or antibodies. The review identified nine studies with a total of 672 participants. Results The omnibus meta-analysis showed that social support/social integration was related to higher antibody levels following vaccination, but the average effect size was small and the lower bound of the confidence interval included zero (Zr = 0.06 [−.04, .15]). These results did not appear to differ much as a function of the operationalization of social relationships, participant age, or follow-up period, although effect sizes appeared larger for studies using a primary antigen. Conclusions These data provide some evidence that social support may be linked to antibody responses to vaccines. However, effect sizes are mostly small and zero overall effect cannot be ruled out. Future studies would benefit from larger sample sizes and greater consideration of methodological issues associated with secondary immune responses to antigen.

Social Support and Treatment Outcome of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder at 9-Month Follow-up

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Steketee
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

The present study investigated whether social support and family members' reactions to clients with obsessive compulsive disorder played a significant role in the follow-up outcome of an intensive behavioral treatment program. The roles OCD symptoms, moodstate, social functioning and life events were also assessed. General social support did not predict relapse, but significant others' empathy and positive interactions were associated with maintenance of gains. Negative family interactions (especially criticism and anger) and belief that clients could control their symptoms predicted relapse. Higher levels of post-treatment anxiety and depression and poorer functioning were related to negative outcome, as was distress from life events during follow-up. Results are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms of action and future research needs.

834-P: Understanding Risks for Depressive Symptoms among Caregivers of Young Children Newly Diagnosed with T1D: The Role of Social Support and Social Problem-Solving

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 834-P
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE H. WANG ◽  
MANUELA SINISTERRA ◽  
NICOLE HERRERA ◽  
CARRIE TULLY ◽  
LAUREN CLARY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

scholarly journals Using a Daily Diary Approach to Understand the Psychological Experiences of Making Weight

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Sitch ◽  
Melissa Day
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Emotional Disclosure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Psychological Experiences

Making weight refers to the process of reducing body weight to compete in weight-categorized sports. The current study explored judo athletes’ psychological experiences of making weight. Six international standard judo athletes participated for the length of time they required to make weight. An unstructured diary was used to collect data daily, supported by a follow-up interview. Data were analyzed using a holistic content analysis. Emergent themes included initiating the making weight process, competing demands of dual roles, temptation, impacts of restricted nutrition, and the desire for social support. Athlete stories provided rich descriptions of their experiences, revealing the extent to which difficulties were concealed and the process of making weight was normalized. Their accounts highlight the challenges associated with social support but the value of emotional disclosure. Future research should explore the potential uses of diaries as a form of disclosure.

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