Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Shedding in French Day-Care Centers: A Nationwide Study of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Centers’ Practices, and Parents’ Awareness of CMV

Abstract Background Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains an important healthcare burden, resulting from primary or secondary infection in pregnant women. Exposure to young children’s saliva is a major risk factor, as prevalence of CMV shedding can reach 34%. Methods This cross-sectional, multicenter, nationwide study was conducted in randomly selected day care centers (DCCs), and complemented with a survey among parents and DCCs. All children aged >3 months were eligible. The study measured the CMV shedding prevalence in children’s saliva and described CMV genotypes epidemiology. The risk factors for CMV shedding and high viral load were evaluated using multivariable models. Results A total of 93 DCCs participated. Among the 1770 enrolled children with evaluable samples, the CMV shedding prevalence was 40% (713/1770, 95% confidence interval, 34.6–46.1), independently associated with children aged between 12 and 18 months, history of CMV infection in ≥1 parents, a mid-level income. Prevalence increased with DCC staff workload and attending children number. Viral load was ≥5 log-copies CMV/mL in 48% (342/713). Risk factors for higher viral load included children aged between 12 and 18 months, and still being breastfed. The most frequent genotype combinations were gB1-gN4c-gH2 (6.9%), gB1-gN2-gH2 (6.3%), gB4a-gN3a-gH1 (6.3%), and gB1-gN3b-gH2 (5,7%). CMV awareness was low in parents: their serological status was unknown by 72% of mothers and 82% of fathers. Only 41% knew something about CMV. Conclusions CMV shedding was independently associated with risk factors related to the children, family and DCC. Some of these risk factors may influence prevention strategies, including through an improved information provided to parents. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01704222.

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Risk Factors for Pneumonia Among Children in a Brazilian Metropolitan Area

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.93.6.977 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 977-985

Author(s):

Cesar G. Victora ◽

Sandra C. Fuchs ◽

José Antonio C. Flores ◽

Walter Fonseca ◽

Betty Kirkwood

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Day Care ◽

Care Center ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Day Care Center ◽

Management Actions ◽

Cause Of Deaths ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study ◽

Weight For Age

Objective. To investigate risk factors for pneumonia for infants <2 years of age. Design. Hospital-based, case-control study with neighborhood control subjects. Setting. Urban area in southern Brazil. Subjects. Five hundred ten infants with radiologically confirmed pneumonia who were admitted to a pediatric hospital. One age-matched neighborhood control subject was selected for each case. Results. Multiple conditional regression modeling was used to control for confounding, taking into account the hierarchical relationships between risk factors. The incidence of radiologically confirmed pneumonia was associated with low paternal education, the number of persons in the household, young maternal age, attendance at day-care centers, low birth weight and weight-for-age, lack of breast-feeding and of non-milk supplements, and a history of previous pneumonia or wheezing. Day-care center attendance showed the highest risk, with an adjusted odds ratio of 11.75. Conclusions. In addition to continued efforts toward appropriate case management, actions directed against the above risk factors may help prevent the major cause of deaths of children younger than 5 years.

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Hepatitis B in Pregnant Females. A Cross Sectional Study in Nile Delta, Egypt

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132539/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahmoud Elkadeem ◽

Ramy Elnaggar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Viral Load ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hepatitis B E Antigen ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pregnant Females ◽

History Of

Abstract Background &Aim:Hepatitis B infection is a worldwide health problem. Egypt classified as an area of intermediate endemicity. Hepatitis B has high materno-fetal transmission. The aim of this study was to assess hepatitis B virus infection in Egyptian pregnant females in Nile Delta as regards risk factors and magnitude of the problem.Methods:This cross sectional study was performed on 1948 pregnant females. Historical and sociodemographic data were collected through short simple questionnaire. They were screened for hepatitis B surface antigens. Positive ones were subjected to test hepatitis B e antigen and viral load by real time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Thirty patients (1.54%) were hepatitis B surface antigen positive. Only two of them (6.67%) were hepatitis B e antigen positive with high viral load. Others were hepatitis B e antigen negative and low viral load. Family history of hepatitis B, occupation, age more than 27 years, and history of surgical or dental procedures were significant risk factors associated with hepatitis B acquisition.Conclusion: Screening for hepatitis B is important as a part of antenatal care mainly in the presence of risk factors to follow up mother, and protect fetus so as to prevent wide spread of hepatitis B in Egypt.

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Prevalence of bone fracture and its association with severe hypoglycemia in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-002099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e002099

Author(s):

Yuji Komorita ◽

Masae Minami ◽

Yasutaka Maeda ◽

Rie Yoshioka ◽

Toshiaki Ohkuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Fracture Risk ◽

Bone Fracture ◽

Severe Hypoglycemia ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Anatomic Site ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

IntroductionType 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with higher fracture risk. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between severe hypoglycemia and fracture risk in patients with T1D, and the results are controversial. Besides, none has investigated the risk factors for fracture in Asian patients with T1D. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of bone fracture and its relationship between severe hypoglycemia and other risk factors in Japanese patients with T1D.Research design and methodsThe single-center cross-sectional study enrolled 388 Japanese patients with T1D (mean age, 45.2 years; women, 60.4%; mean duration of diabetes, 16.6 years) between October 2019 and April 2020. The occurrence and circumstances of any fracture after the diagnosis of T1D were identified using a self-administered questionnaire. The main outcomes were any anatomic site of fracture and fall-related fracture. Severe hypoglycemia was defined as an episode of hypoglycemia that required the assistance of others to achieve recovery.ResultsA total of 92 fractures occurred in 64 patients, and 59 fractures (64%) were fall-related. Only one participant experienced fracture within the 10 years following their diagnosis of diabetes. In logistic regression analysis, the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of a history of severe hypoglycemia were 2.11 (1.11 to 4.09) for any fracture and 1.91 (0.93 to 4.02) for fall-related fracture. Fourteen of 18 participants with multiple episodes of any type of fracture had a history of severe hypoglycemia (p<0.001 vs no fracture).ConclusionsWe have shown that a history of severe hypoglycemia is significantly associated with a higher risk of bone fracture in Japanese patients with T1D.

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Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Hospitalized Stroke Patients of Bangladesh

Faridpur Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7405 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

AM Hossain ◽

NU Ahmed ◽

M Rahman ◽

MR Islam ◽

G Sadhya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Low Income ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Previous History ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to analyze prevalence of risk factors for stroke in hospitalized patient in a medical college hospital. 100 patients were chosen using purposive sampling technique. Highest incidence of stroke was between the 6th and 7th decade. Patients came from both urban (54%) and rural (46%) areas and most of them belong to the low-income group (47%). In occupational category; service holder (28%) and retired person (21%) were the highest groups. Most of the study subjects were literate (63%). CT scan study revealed that the incidence of ischaemic stroke was 61% and haemorrhagic stroke 39%. Analysis indicated hypertension as major risk factor for stroke (63%) and major portion of the patients (42.85%) were on irregular or no treatment. Twenty four percent of the patients had heart diseases and out of 24 patients 45.83% were suffering from ischaemic heart disease. The present study detected diabetes in 21% patients. Fifty three percent of the study subjects were smoker, 39% patients had habit of betelnut chewing. Out of 26 female patients, only 23% had history of using oral contraceptives. Majority of the patients were sedentary workers (46%). Thirty seven percent of the stroke patients were obese. Among the stroke patients 9% had previous history of stroke and 3% had TIA respectively. Most of the patients (21%) were awake while they suffered from stroke and the time of occurrence was mostly in the afternoon (46%). This study found that hypertension, cigarette smoking, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus are the major risk factors prevalent in our community while other risk factors demand further study. Key words: stroke; risk factors; hospitalized patients; Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7405 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 19-23

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The Cross-Sectional Determinants of Secessionism in Advanced Democracies

Comparative Political Studies ◽

10.1177/0010414004272538 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 304-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Jason Sorens

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Ethnic Identity ◽

Ethnic Conflict ◽

Political System ◽

Regional Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regional Language ◽

History Of ◽

Advanced Democracies

This article analyzes the “risk factors” of secessionism at the substate, regional level. It seeks to answer the question, What regions are more likely to support more successful secessionist parties? Using new data in cross-sectional regression analysis, the author finds that secessionism involves unique factors not common to other kinds of ethnic conflict. Specifically, in addition to “identity” variables such as regional language and history of independence, the following variables explain secessionist strength: lack of irredentist potential, relative affluence, geographical noncontiguity, population, and multiparty political system. These factors generally serve as activators of ethnic identity rather than a substitute for the same, although there are important cases of nonethnic secessionism.

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The prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among subcontracted hospital cleaners in Thailand

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-01-2021-0040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Thanaphum Laithaisong ◽

Wichai Aekplakorn ◽

Paibul Suriyawongpaisal ◽

Chanunporn Tupthai ◽

Chathaya Wongrathanandha

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Stress Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Content Type ◽

History Of

PurposeThis research aimed to explore the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and related factors among subcontracted cleaners in a teaching hospital in Thailand.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted of 393 subcontracted cleaners in a teaching hospital, from May to June 2020. Face-to-face interviews were carried out using a standard questionnaire, consisting of four parts: (1) participant characteristics, (2) stress test, (3) work characteristics and (4) standardized Nordic questionnaire, Thai version, for MSDs outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between MSDs and related factors.FindingsThe prevalence of MSDs was 81.9%, involving mostly the lower back (57.7%), followed by the shoulder (52.6%). Factors significantly associated with MSDs were as follows: male gender (OR = 3.06, 95% CI [1.19, 7.87]), severe stress (OR = 2.72, 95% CI [1.13, 6.54]), history of injuries (OR = 4.37, 95% CI [1.27, 15.11]), mopping posture (OR = 2.81, 95% CI [1.43, 5.50]) and task duration (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.01, 3.57] for 2–4 h and OR = 3.39, 95% CI [1.17, 9.86] for more than 4 h). Sick leave due to MSDs was associated with history of injuries, Thai nationality and having another part-time job.Originality/valueThe study findings about MSDs in terms of prevalence and related factors contributed to limited pool of the knowledge among subcontracted hospital cleaners in Thailand and middle-income country settings. With growing popularity in outsourcing cleaning services among hospitals in these countries, the study findings could raise a concern and inform policymakers and hospital administrators the importance of the magnitude and risk factors for MSDs necessitating design of preventive strategies.

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Analysis Factors That Affecting the Incidence of Hypertension in Menopausal Woman

Jurnal Kebidanan Midwiferia ◽

10.21070/midwiferia.v6i1.449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Estin Gita Maringga ◽

Nunik Ike Yunia Sari

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Free Variable ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Menopausal Woman ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

History Of ◽

Using Data ◽

The Village

Hypertension is an increased incidence of blood pressure characterized by the increase of sistole and diastole. Hypertension if not properly administered, can cause a variety of complications such as stroke, heart failure, renal failure, encephalopathy, and others. Based on the statistical data of menopause women risk to experience hypertension of 41% compared with males. This research aims to analyze the risk factors that affect the incidence of hypertension in menopausal women in the village Kayen Kidul. The design of research in this study uses cross sectional, with the population is all menopause women who have hypertension in the village of South Kayen, using simple random samplling technique, obtained as many as 71 respondents . The variables in this study consist of a free variable that is age and a history of the use of KB and variables bound in the form of hypertension in menopausal women. The study was conducted on 16-21 September 2019, collecting data using interview and observation techniques using data collection sheets. Data analysts use linear regression, with calculations using SPSS. The results in this study were obtained from 71 respondents, 59.2% of the mother aged < 60 years, 69% had a history of hormonal contraceptives, 57.6% menopause had hypertension. The aged menopause ≥ 60 years and has a history of hormonal contraceptives have a greater risk of hypertensive incidence in menopause.

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Profile of Herpes Zoster Patients with Co-morbidities: Cross-sectional Observation at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Dhaka

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v16i2.55296 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 40-43

Author(s):

Md Shirajul Islam Khan ◽

Hossain Md Emran ◽

ATM Rezaul Karim

Keyword(s):

Herpes Zoster ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Study Finding ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Morbid Condition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ulcer Disease ◽

History Of ◽

Irritable Bowel

Introduction: Herpes zoster (HZ) is characterized by an extremely painful vesicular rash, which may be complicated by secondary infection and post-herpetic neuralgia. To date, multiple risk factors associated with HZ have been established, including endocrine diseases, immunosuppressive conditions, cancers, and other chronic medical conditions. Objectives: To assess the profile of herpes zoster associated with co-morbid condition. Methods and Materials: This cross sectional study was conducted among purposively selected 130 HZ patients in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka from January 2017 to December 2018. Data were collected through face to face interview using pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Out of 130 patients, majority of the patients were male (69.2%) and mean age was 53.5±9.8 years and majority gave the history of chicken pox 60% and common site of involvement were chest (right and left) 33.1% and 48.5%, upper back (right and left) 30.8% and 43.1% and upper right arm 33.1%. About 66.9% patients gave the history of having co-morbid condition like Diabetes 30.8%, Stroke 9.2%, Hypertension 2.3%, Myocardial infarction 3.8%, Peptic ulcer disease 10.0%, Malignancy 2.3%, Tuberculosis 2.3% and Irritable bowel syndrome 2.3%. Conclusion: Based on our study finding, we can conclude that herpes zoster is a disease that is associated with other co-morbid conditions. If herpes zoster is an early manifestation of undiagnosed co-morbid condition, patients should undergo testing for undiagnosed disease when they present with herpes zoster. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 40-43

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Etiology, Risk Factors, Mortality and Morbidity of Status Epilepticus in Children: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Tehran, Iran

The Open Neurology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874205x02014010095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 95-102

Author(s):

Mohammad Vafaee-Shahi ◽

Elaheh Soltanieh ◽

Hossein Saidi ◽

Aina Riahi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Status Epilepticus ◽

Brain Imaging ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Imaging Results ◽

History Of ◽

Abnormal Brain ◽

Febrile Status Epilepticus

Background: Risk factors identification associated with status epilepticus is valuable in order to prevent morbidity and mortality in children. This study aimed to consider the etiology, risk factors, morbidity and mortality in children with status epilepticus. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 119 patients aged from one month old to 15 years old. Patients’ data were recorded, including basic demographic, etiology and clinical information. The different risk factors correlated to morbidity and mortality were evaluated in this study. Results: The most common etiologies were acute symptomatic and febrile status epilepticus by 32.8% and 22.7%, respectively. Abnormal brain imaging results were reported far more frequently in patients with a history of neurodevelopmental delay and previous status epilepticus (p<0.001). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 18.9% and 10.9%, respectively; while these rates in patients with delayed development (45.16% and 18.42%, respectively) were significantly higher than patients with normal development (8% and 7.4%, respectively). The morbidity rates in patients with previous seizures and previous status epilepticus were remarkably higher than those without previous history of seizure (26.41% vs 11.32%; p=0.047) and without previous status epilepticus (36.36% versus 14.28%; p=0.018). The length of hospital stay in patients with mortality was considerably longer than patients without mortality (12.30 ± 16.1 days vs 7.29 ± 6.24 days; p=0.033). The mortality rate in patients with normal Lumbar Puncture result was notably lower than those with abnormal LP result (2.9% vs 50%). The morbidity rate in patients with abnormal brain imaging results (p<0.001) was significantly greater than those in patients with normal results. The mortality rate was relatively higher in patients with abnormal imaging results compared to those normal results. Etiology was an important predictor of mortality and morbidity rates; acute symptomatic (32.8%), febrile status epilepticus (22.7%) and remote symptomatic (16.8%) etiologies were the most common underlying causes of S.E. While in children less than 3 years old, the acute symptomatic etiology and febrile status epilepticus etiologies were estimated as the most common, in most patients older than 3 years old the most common etiology of status epilepticus was unknown. Congenital brain defects etiology had the highest mortality (36.36%) and morbidity (42.85%) rate. The lowest morbidity (3.84%) and mortality (0%) rates were for patients with febrile status epilepticus etiology. Conclusion: Age, developmental delay, history of previous status epilepticus, the length of hospital stay, abnormal brain imaging results and the underlying etiology of status epilepticus were associated with increased morbidity and mortality among children with status epilepticus.

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Screening of Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension Among Antenatal Women in Rural West India

Central Asian Journal of Global Health ◽

10.5195/cajgh.2014.140 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Viral R. Dave ◽

Bhavik M. Rana ◽

Kantibhai N. Sonaliya ◽

Suraj J. Chandwani ◽

Samkit V. Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Screening Program ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Guidelines ◽

History Of

Background: Hypertension and gestational diabetes are among the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality, especially in rural areas of developing countries with meager health facilities. With early diagnosis and timely treatment, these adverse events can be decreased. The primary aim of this study was to implement a screening program for gestational diabetes and hypertension, and to assess risk factors associated with these conditions among antenatal women in the rural area of the Gujarat province in India.Methods: A cross–sectional study was conducted at one of the rural areas of Gujarat province in India. Following a random cluster sampling procedure, the village of Davas was selected. A multistage random sampling method was utilized, resulting in a sample of 346 antenatal women. Screening guidelines from the American Diabetes Association were followed for gestational diabetes screening.Results: The majority of antenatal mothers (55.50%) were between 21-25 years of age. 242 antenatal women were multigravida, and among them, 85.96% had institutional delivery at their last pregnancy. Of the total 346 women, 17.60% were prehypertensive. The prevalence of systolic hypertension was 1.40%, diastolic hypertension was 0.90%, and gestational diabetes was 1.73%.Conclusion: Socioeconomically upper class, a family history of hypertension, and BMI ≥ 25 were strong risk factors for hypertension during pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Health education should be made readily available to antenatal mothers by paramedical workers regarding symptoms of hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus for early self identification.

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