scholarly journals An urban wildlife habitat experiment: conservation implications of altering management regimes on animals and plants along urban and rural rights-of-way

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Leston ◽  
Nicola Koper
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Urbanization Gradient ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Mowing Regime ◽  
One Year

Abstract Biodiversity along rights-of-way (ROWs) can decline due to local-scale management, including frequent urban mowing and spraying, or with increasing amount of urban infrastructure surrounding those grassy spaces. Distinguishing effects of mowing regime from effects of surrounding urban land are necessary to determine what management strategies effectively conserve wildlife in different landscapes, and to justify changes in management that could increase populations of weeds. We used a manipulative Before/After-Control/Impact (BACI) experiment in 17 transmission line ROWs during 2007–2009, along an urbanization gradient, to disentangle effects of mowing frequency and the amount of urban land (buildings, hard surfaces like concrete, asphalt) surrounding ROWs. In the BACI study, we halted mowing and spraying for 1 year in five urban ROWs, introduced two rounds of mowing per year in three rural ROWs, and compared vegetation and arthropods found within these manipulated ROWs and within three urban and six rural control ROWs. European skipper butterflies Thymelicus lineola, lepidopteran biomass in herbaceous vegetation, milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) and Canada thistle Cirsium arvense increased when mowing and spraying were halted for one year. Conversely, monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus, legume cover and dandelion Taraxacum officinale increased when mowing was introduced to rural ROWs. To increase taller butterfly resource plants while still controlling weeds within urban ROWs, we recommend reducing management frequency within the interior of ROWs while maintaining frequent management along ROW borders that are adjacent to infrastructure.

scholarly journals Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in a Random Sample of Community Family Practices in Ontario, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Agarwal ◽  
Janusz Kaczorowski ◽  
Steve Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chart Audit ◽  
Pressure Reading ◽  
International Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Control And Management

Objective. Diabetes care is an important part of family practice. Previous work indicates that diabetes management is variable. This study aimed to examine diabetes care according to best practices in one part of Ontario. Design and Participants. A retrospective chart audit of 96 charts from 18 physicians was conducted to examine charts regarding diabetes care during a one-year period. Setting. Grimsby, Ontario. Main Outcome Measures. Glycemic screening, control and management strategies, documentation and counselling for lifestyle habits, prevalence of comorbidities, screening for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and use of appropriate recommended preventive medications in the charts were examined. Results. Mean A1c was within target (less than or equal to 7.00) in 76% of patients (ICC = −0.02), at least 4 readings per annum were taken in 75% of patients (ICC = 0.006). Nearly 2/3 of patients had been counselled about diet, more than 1/2 on exercise, and nearly all (90%) were on medication. Nearly all patients had a documented blood pressure reading and lipid profile. Over half (60%) had a record of their weight and/or BMI. Conclusion. Although room for improvement exists, diabetes targets were mainly reached according to recognized best practices, in keeping with international data on attainment of diabetes targets.

The Biology and Management of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbra H. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems

Purple loosestrife is an invasive, introduced plant that is usually associated with wetland, marshy, or riparian sites. It is found across the northern tier states and provinces in North America. Purple loosestrife affects the diversity of native wetland ecosystems. Infestations lead to severe wildlife habitat degradation, loss of species diversity, and displacement of wildlife-supporting native vegetation, such as cattails and bulrushes. The plant spreads effectively along waterways, and the thick, matted root system can rapidly clog irrigation ditches, resulting in decreased water flow and increased maintenance. Effective management of purple loosestrife along waterways and in riparian areas requires integrating management strategies to prevent further introductions, detecting and eradicating new infestations, and containing and controlling large-scale infestations. Management practices that aid in the control of purple loosestrife include herbicide, physical, and biological practices. Each infestation site should be individually evaluated to determine the appropriate control measure. Factors to be considered include the proximity and type of vegetation on the site, whether the water is flowing or still, and the utilization of the site and the water (domestic, irrigation, recreation, or scenic value).

Influence of corn (Zea mays) population and row spacing on corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) yield

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
Reduced Light

Research was conducted to determine the optimum population and row spacing for corn production and for suppressing velvetleaf growth and seed production. Corn was grown in a factorial arrangement of three populations targeted at 64,000 (1 ×), 96,000 (1.5 ×), or 128,000 (2 ×) plants ha−1and two row spacings of 38 or 76 cm. Influences on corn were determined in weed-free plots, and influences on velvetleaf were determined for target plants established at 1.5–m intervals along the center of corn interrows. Four velvetleaf plantings were made at weekly intervals beginning at corn planting. Corn row spacing had little influence on corn or velvetleaf. Corn yield exhibited a parabolic response to population with a maximum of approximately 90,000 plants ha−1in one year, no response to population in another year, and a linear decline with increasing population in a dry year. Velvetleaf seed production was reduced 69 to 94% by the 1.5 × population and 99% by the 2 × population compared to the standard 1 × population when velvetleaf emerged with corn. Velvetleaf seed production was eliminated when velvetleaf emerged at or later than corn leaf stages 3, 5, and 6 for corn populations of 2 ×, 1.5 ×, and 1 ×, respectively. Reduced velvetleaf seed production was correlated with lower positioning of plants in the corn canopy and reduced light availability. Results suggest that higher corn populations could aid integrated weed management strategies by reducing seed production and limiting the build-up of weed populations.

scholarly journals Sex Difference in Risk Factors, GRACE Scores, and Management among Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Priyadarshani Galappatthy ◽  
Vipula Bataduwaarachchi ◽  
Priyanga Ranasinghe ◽  
Gamini Galappatthy ◽  
Upul Senerath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
One Year ◽  
Grace Score

Objective. To assess sex-based differences in the prevalence of risk factor, their management, and differences in the prognosis among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Sri Lanka. Methods. Patients diagnosed with ACS were recruited from hospitals throughout the island. The Joint European Societies guidelines were used to assess recommended targets for coronary heart disease risk factors, and the GRACE score was used to assess the post-ACS prognosis. Age-adjusted regression was performed to calculate odds ratios for men versus women in risk factor control. Results. A total of 2116 patients, of whom 1242 (58.7%) were men, were included. Significant proportion of women were nonsmokers; OR = 0.11 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.13). The prevalence of hypertension (p<0.001), diabetes (p<0.001), and dyslipidemia (p=0.004) was higher in women. The LDL-C target was achieved in a significantly higher percentage of women (12.6%); OR = 0.33 (95% CI 0.10 to 1.05). When stratified by age, no significant differences were observed in achieving the risk factor targets or management strategies used except for fasting blood sugar (p<0.05) where more men achieved control target in both age categories. Majority of the ACS patients had either high or intermediate risk for one-year mortality as per the GRACE score. In-hospital and 1-year mean mortality risk was significantly higher among men of less than 65 years of age (p<0.05). Conclusions. Smoking is significantly lower among Sri Lankan women diagnosed with ACS. However, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were more prevalent among them. There was no difference in primary and secondary preventive strategies and management in both sexes but could be further improved in both groups.

Make in India: A Paradigm Shift in Rajasthan Reforms

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Archana Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
One Year ◽  
Near Future

Launch of “Make in India” aimed at making India a global manufacturing hub. It was also rolled out with the aim of creating millions of jobs in the country. Government has announced many steps in last one year to improve the business environment by easing processes to do business in the country, and attract foreign investments. If any country needs to grow obviously it is the army of states which is going to play a major role in fighting the battle out. Rajasthan being the largest state in the country has tremendous potential to support “Make in India”. Question arises whether we are looking for development or sustainable economic development. Do we have a productive labor force? Are we in the stage to provide equal healthcare to all so that so called demographic dividend does not become demographic burden in near future? How the allocation of the scarce economic resources in the state can be done? If we are calling for urban infrastructure development, moving towards the concept of smart city, what solutions we have for proper governance? Looking at global climate change problem, can we grow parallel managing our environmental problems? In this discussion paper author tries to identify the key issues and challenges pertaining to Rajasthan to play its vital role as key economic driver.

scholarly journals Evaluating the hydrologic and water quality performance of novel infiltrating wet retention ponds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-299
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Baird ◽  
Ryan J. Winston ◽  
William F. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Reduction Peak ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Retention Ponds ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Current Design ◽  
One Year

Abstract Wet retention ponds temporarily store and slowly release stormwater to mitigate peak flow rates and remove particulate-bound pollutants. However, with sandy underlying soils, wet retention ponds may provide additional benefits through infiltration, thereby recharging groundwater and supporting baseflow in streams. Current design guidance often requires lining wet ponds to prevent infiltration; however, modern stormwater management strategies recommend maximizing runoff volume reduction through infiltration. Two infiltrating wet retention ponds in Fayetteville, NC, USA, were monitored for one year to assess volume reduction, peak flow mitigation, and water quality. In some months, 100% of stormwater runoff infiltrated and evaporated, with cumulative annual volume reductions of 60 and 51% for the two ponds. For events up to 76 mm (equivalent to the local 1-yr, 24-hr storm), measured peak flow reductions were similar to those of typical (non-infiltrating) wet ponds (median 99% reduction). Dissolved nitrogen species, total and dissolved phosphorus, and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations were significantly reduced in both ponds; mean percent reductions were greater than 30% for each of these pollutants. Effluent concentrations were on par with typical (non-infiltrating) wet ponds previously monitored in North Carolina. Due to the aforementioned runoff reduction, nutrient and TSS loads were reduced by (at minimum) 35 and 67%, respectively. Infiltrating wet ponds were able to meet both peak flow and volume mitigation goals, suggesting that they could be a common tool in regions with sandy soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Continuous Intensive Cultivation on the Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Oxic Dystrandept Soils in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
NTANGMO TSAFACK Honorine ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Microbiological Properties

Soil fertility indices are well documented as they are directly related to land use and productivity. However, the effect of continuous intensive cultivation on the evolution of soil fertility is still poorly documented. The aim of this study was thus to assess the effect of continuous intensive cultivation on the chemical and microbiological properties of Oxic Dystrandept soils in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Composite soil samples were taken between 0-15 cm depths on farmlands that have been subjected to continuous intensive cultivation for one, five and ten years meanwhile samples from plots that have never been cultivated served as control. The main results revealed that the ammonium contents dropped abruptly (86%-wt) from the first year of cultivation. The organic carbon (OC) content decreased from 1.81 ± 0.14 %-dm (in control) to 1.69 ± 0.09 % after one year, 1.66 ± 0.10 % after 5 years and 1.58 ± 0.07 % after 10 years. Compared to the control, available phosphorus (P) showed a 13 %-wt drop after one year, 46 % after 5 years and 85 % after 10 years. Dehydrogenase activity showed a 42 % decrease after one year, 50 % after five years and 73 % after 10 years. The other parameters were not significantly different (P<0.05) amongst treatments. Decline of soil productivity was undoubtedly related to the decrease of OC, P, microbial activity and ammonium with continuous intensive cultivation. Thus, management strategies for improved crop production should include selection suitable cropping systems and chemical methods. Keywords: Continuous intensive cultivation, enzymatic activities, soil chemical properties, Oxic Dystrandept, Cameroon western highland

scholarly journals Widespread anthropogenic translocation of the African Clawed Frog across its native range is revealed by its co-introduced monogenean parasite in a co-phylogeographic approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneke Lincoln Schoeman ◽  
Louis Heyns du Preez ◽  
Nikol Kmentová ◽  
Maarten P M Vanhove
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Host Lineage ◽  
Live Bait

1. The management of biological invasions relies upon the development of methods to trace their origin and expansion. Co-introduced parasites, especially monogenean flatworms, are ideal tags for the movement of their invasive hosts due to their short generations, direct life cycles and host specificity. However, they are yet to be applied to trace the intraspecific movement of species in their native ranges. 2. As proof of this concept, we conducted a co-phylogeographic analysis based upon two mitochondrial markers of a globally distributed frog Xenopus laevis and its monogenean flatworm parasite Protopolystoma xenopodis in both its native range in southern Africa and its invasive range in Europe. 3. Translocation of lineages was largely masked in the frog's phylogeography. However, incongruent links between host and parasite phylogeography indicated host switches from one host lineage to the other after these were brought into contact due to human-mediated translocation in the native range. Thus, past translocation of host lineages is revealed by the invasion success of its co-introduced parasite lineage. 4. This study demonstrates the concept that parasite data can serve as an independent line of evidence in invasion biology, also on the intraspecific level, shedding light on previously undetected invasion dynamics. Based upon the distribution of these invasive parasite lineages, we infer that the widespread translocation of hosts is mainly facilitated by the frog's use as live bait by the local angling communities and not via official export routes. 5. Data from co-introduced, host-specific parasites can add value to investigations in invasion biology and conservation. A better understanding of the translocation history and resulting genetic mixing of animals in their native ranges prior to introduction into new environments can inform management strategies in the invasive range. Knowledge of the intraspecific movement of different lineages of animals in their native ranges also has conservation implications, since contact between divergent lineages of hosts and parasites can facilitate host switches and altered parasite dynamics in both native and invasive populations. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion of parasite data as a more holistic approach to the invasion ecology of animals on the intraspecific level.

scholarly journals Using Aggregation and Antiaggregation Pheromones of the Douglas-Fir Beetle to Produce Snags for Wildlife Habitat

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell W. Ross ◽  
Christine G. Niwa
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Beetle Population ◽  
Antiaggregation Pheromone ◽  
One Year

Abstract Pheromone baits for the Douglas-fir beetle were applied alone and in combination with the antiaggregation pheromone, 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH), to test potential treatments for creating snags to improve wildlife habitat. All baited trees were attacked by beetles following both treatments. However, more unbaited trees were attacked on plots without MCH than on plots with MCH. One year after treatment, more of the attacked trees were dead on plots without MCH than on plots with MCH. Bark beetle pheromones can be used effectively to create snags for improving wildlife habitat, but to achieve specific objectives treatments must be prescribed based on knowledge of the expected beetle population densities. West. J. Appl. For. 12(2):00-00.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document