Improved stomatal opening enhances photosynthetic rate and biomass production in fluctuating light

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 2339-2350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Kimura ◽  
Mimi Hashimoto-Sugimoto ◽  
Koh Iba ◽  
Ichiro Terashima ◽  
Wataru Yamori
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Overexpression Line

Abstract It has been reported that stomatal conductance often limits the steady-state photosynthetic rate. On the other hand, the stomatal limitation of photosynthesis in fluctuating light remains largely unknown, although in nature light fluctuates due to changes in sun position, cloud cover, and the overshadowing canopy. In this study, we analysed three mutant lines of Arabidopsis with increased stomatal conductance to examine to what extent stomatal opening limits photosynthesis in fluctuating light. The slac1 (slow anion channel-associated 1) and ost1 (open stomata 1) mutants with stay-open stomata, and the PATROL1 (proton ATPase translocation control 1) overexpression line with faster stomatal opening responses exhibited higher photosynthetic rates and plant growth in fluctuating light than the wild-type, whereas these four lines showed similar photosynthetic rates and plant growth in constant light. The slac1 and ost1 mutants tended to keep their stomata open in fluctuating light, resulting in lower water-use efficiency (WUE) than the wild-type. However, the PATROL1 overexpression line closed stomata when needed and opened stomata immediately upon irradiation, resulting in similar WUE to the wild-type. The present study clearly shows that there is room to optimize stomatal responses, leading to greater photosynthesis and biomass accumulation in fluctuating light in nature.

Effects of Clone and Irrigation on the Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthetic Rate of Tea (Camellia sinensis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gail Smith ◽  
Paul J. Burgess ◽  
M. K. V. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Clone Selection ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryStomatal conductances (g) and photosynthetic rates (A) were monitored in six tea clones planted in a clone X irrigation experiment in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Measurements were made during the warm dry seasons of 1989 and 1990. There was no genotype X treatment interaction in the response in A or g of the various clones to irrigation. Irrigation increased A more than it increased g. Irrigation also increased the temperature optimum for photosynthesis and decreased photo-inhibition at high illuminance. Clones differed in g and A, and in the relationship between leaf temperature and A. The implications of these findings for clone selection are discussed.

scholarly journals Plant DNA methylation is sensitive to parent seed N content and influences the growth of rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoru Fan ◽  
Laihua Liu ◽  
Kaiyun Qian ◽  
Jingguang Chen ◽  
Yuyue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
N Content ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Overexpression Line ◽  
N Deficiency

Abstract Background Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for plant growth, development, and agricultural production. Nitrogen stress could induce epigenetic changes in plants. In our research, overexpression of the OsNAR2.1 line was used as a testing target in rice plants with high nitrogen-use efficiency to study the changes of rice methylation and growth in respond of the endogenous and external nitrogen stress. Results Our results showed that external N deficiency could decrease seed N content and plant growth of the overexpression line. During the filial growth, we found that the low parent seed nitrogen (LPSN) in the overexpression line could lead to a decrease in the filial seed nitrogen content, total plant nitrogen content, yield, and OsNAR2.1 expression (28, 35, 23, and 55%, respectively) compared with high parent seed nitrogen (HPSN) in high nitrogen external supply. However, such decreases were not observed in wild type. Furthermore, methylation sequencing results showed that LPSN caused massive gene methylation changes, which enriched in over 20 GO pathways in the filial overexpression line, and the expression of OsNAR2.1 in LPSN filial overexpression plants was significantly reduced compared to HPSN filial plants in high external N, which was not shown in wild type. Conclusions We suggest that the parent seed nitrogen content decreased induced DNA methylation changes at the epigenetic level and significantly decreased the expression of OsNAR2.1, resulting in a heritable phenotype of N deficiency over two generations of the overexpression line.

scholarly journals The interaction of salinity and chromium in the influence of barley growth and oxidative stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ali ◽  
F. Zeng ◽  
S. Cai ◽  
B. Qiu ◽  
G. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The effect of chromium and NaCl on growth and anti-oxidative enzymes in two barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was investigated in a hydroponic experiment. Salinity stress reduced plant growth, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, while increased SOD and POD activities, and MDA content in barley plants. CM72, a salt-tolerant genotype was less affected by salinity stress than Gairdner, a salt-sensitive genotype. The effect of Cr on plant growth and anti-oxidative enzymes varied with Cr level. Under low Cr level (10 µmol), plant growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by salinity stress were generally alleviated, in particular for Garidner. The combined stress of high Cr level (50 µmol) and NaCl stress caused more severe oxidative stress, resulting in further reduction of plant growth parameters, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance as compared to two stresses alone.

scholarly journals Potassium and calcium enrichment alleviate salinity-induced stress in hydroponically grown endives

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Tzortzakis
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique

Salinity either of soil or of irrigation water causes disturbance in plant growth and nutrient balance and reduces crop yields. The effects of NaCl salinity and/or calcium or potassium level on the plant growth and severity of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea [De Bary] Whetzel) were investigated in endive (Cichorium endivia L., cv. Green Curled) grown with the nutrient film technique under greenhouse conditions during early spring. Plants were supplied with nutrient solutions containing 40 mmol/l of sodium chloride (NaCl) and/or 10 mmol/l potassium sulphate (K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>). Additionally, plants treated with foliar spray of 15 mmol/l calcium nitrate [(CaNO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] or distilled water. Salinity or K- and Ca-enrichment mainly affected the upper part of endive plants and reduced leaf area. However, when salinity combined with either K- or Ca-enrichment, the negative impact of salinity on plant growth was reversed. Salinized and/or K- and Ca-enriched, plants did not differ in plant biomass, leaf/root ratio, leaf fresh weight, leaf number, and root length. Salinity did not have any impacts on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Indeed, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased with Ca foliar application and decreased with K while the opposite effects were observed for the intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Total nutrient uptake was reduced 2-fold in salt-treated plants compared to controls. No symptoms of tip-burn or blackheart were recorded throughout the experimental study. Endive grown in the nutrient film technique had tolerance to NaCl salinity, and this method could be used to exploit saline water in soilless culture. These findings also suggest that a proper management of the salt concentration of the nutrient solution plus external elemental enrichment may provide an efficient tool to improve the quality of leafy vegetables with little effect on yield.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on Plant Growth in Four Gerbera hybrida Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1164-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Shenchong Li ◽  
Qinli Shan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gerbera Hybrida ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Vast Variation ◽  
Temperature Responses

Temperature is one of the main factors that affects the growth pattern of Gerbera hybrida, which shows vast variation in morphology and stress adaptation among cultivars. However, little is known about temperature responses of plant growth among different cultivars. In this study, four cultivars were planted in different growth temperatures to investigate the effect of temperature on plant growth of Gerbera hybrida during their vegetative growth. Results showed that the optimum growth temperature of the four cultivars was 20 °C, of which plant height, root length, biomass accumulation, leaf area, and photosynthetic rate were enhanced significantly. Different cultivars showed diverse temperature adaptation ranges, which were related with their genetic background, and the temperature adaptability of cultivar Autumn was the best among the four cultivars. Temperature also had significant effects on photosynthetic rate, which was the main factor shaping plant growth. Our research provides the basic guidance for the growth temperature control in the cultivation of Gerbera hybrida.

scholarly journals Variegated Arecanut (Areca Catechu L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAGARAJA N R ◽  
Arivalagan M ◽  
Chowdappa P
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

Abstract Variegations in ornamental crops are not uncommon however, reports of variegations in Areca catechu L.-an economically important plantation crop have not been made yet. In the present study we have identified and characterized the palms of Mangala and South Kanara Local populations that showed variegation trait. These variant palms have variegated green and yellow stripes on nuts, leaves, leaf sheath and greener portion of the stem. Besides morphological differences, kernels also showed variations. Significant differences in the physiological and biochemical parameters of these off-types were recorded. Physiological parameters like photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, stomatal resistance and chlorophyll index were recorded from the greener portion of variegated leaves, yellow regions of the variegated leaves and control leaves (wild type leaves). The photosynthetic rate of greener portion of variegated leaves did not differ significantly from the wild type leaves in both Mangala and S.K. Local varieties. But in both the varieties significant differences were observed between greener portion of variegated leaves and wild type leaves with yellow regions of the variegated leaves. Similarly, in both the varieties stomatal conductance of green region of variegated leaves and normal leaves are higher than yellow regions of the variegated leaves, so is the transpiration rate. Greener portion of variegated leaves and the normal leaves showed higher values for transpiration than yellow regions of the variegated leaves in both the varieties. Yellow regions of the variegated leaves showed low transpiration rate in Mangala and S.K. Local varieties. Expectedly, stomatal resistance was low in green region of variegated leaves and normal leaves compared to yellow regions. Yellow regions of the variegated leaves showed very low chlorophyll index compared to green region of variegated leaves and normal leaves in both the varieties. Biochemical constituents like total sugar, total phenolics, non-tannin phenolics and antioxidant potential in terms of reducing power using CUPRAC and FRAP methods were analysed along with moisture content in both immature and ripened arecanut of both normal and variegated types of Mangala and South Kanara Local varieties. The biochemical analysis results indicated wide variation between normal and variegated types for all the biochemical constituents studied. The genetic, biochemical and physiological significance of these variegations are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Intraspecific Competition and Drought on Stomatal Conductance and Hormone Concentrations in Different Tomato Genotypes

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Yang Gao ◽  
Yueping Liang ◽  
Yuanyuan Fu ◽  
Zhuanyun Si ◽  
Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Plant physiological responses to various stresses are characterized by interaction and coupling, while the intrinsic mechanism remains unclear. The effects of intraspecific competition on plant growth, stomatal opening, and hormone concentrations were investigated with three tomato genotypes (WT-wild type, Ailsa Craig; FL-a abscisic acid (ABA) deficient mutant, flacca; NR-a partially ethylene-insensitive genotype) under two water regimes (full irrigation, irrigation amount = daily transpiration; deficit irrigation, 60% of irrigation amount in full irrigation) in this study. Three kinds of competitions were designed, i.e., root and canopy competition, non-root competition, and non-canopy competition, respectively. Intraspecific competition reduced plant leaf area and stomatal conductance (gs) of wild-type tomato, accompanied by ABA accumulation and ethylene evolution. Intraspecific competition-induced decrease in gs was absent in FL and NR, indicating ABA and ethylene involved in plant response to intraspecific competition. As soil water becomes dry, the competition decreased gs by elevating ABA and ethylene accumulations. Under severe drought, the competition-induced decline in gs was covered by the severe drought-induced decrease in gs, as hydraulic signals most probably dominate. The absence of canopy competition insignificantly influenced plant stomatal opening of well-watered tomato, as canopy separation minimized the plant neighbor sensing by ethylene and other signals. Whereas under water deficit condition, the absence of canopy competition significantly reduced ABA accumulation in roots and then stomatal conductance, indicating the belowground neighbor detection signals maybe enhanced by soil drought. The absence of root competition increased ethylene evolution, confirming the importance of ethylene in neighbor detection and plant response to environmental stress.

scholarly journals Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Gui-E Li ◽  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Shi-Bo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Rahnella Aquatilis ◽  
Maize Seeds

Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1，the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.

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