Regional Peace and Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-123
Author(s):  
Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
East Asia Summit ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Movement ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
United Nations Charter ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the development of regional peace and security in Asia and the Pacific. Since the end of the Cold War and the resurgence of Asian economies, there has been significant movement in the establishment of peace and security institutions. Notable among them are the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Forum (ARF), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the East Asia Summit (EAS), the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), and the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). This movement was partly due to regional hegemons seeking a greater role in their neighbourhood and partly due to smaller states seeking to manage the regional hegemons. Simultaneously, China and India also began playing a crucial role in shaping the evolving norms relating to climate change, cyber security, energy security, trade, and outer space. The chapter also considers the impact of the United Nations Charter, the prohibition on the use of force, and collective security in the region.

Part 2 The Post-Cold War Era (1990–2000), 37 The ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia—1990–97

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Villani Ugo
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Monitoring Group ◽  
United Nations Charter ◽  
The Impact

This contribution examines the intervention of ECOWAS in Liberia following the civil war begun at the end of 1989. After recalling the historical context of the Liberian crisis, the decisions of ECOWAS, and the establishment of the Cease-fire Monitoring Group for Liberia (ECOMOG), it considers the positions of member states of ECOWAS, of the OUA, and especially of the Security Council. Then the contribution discusses the legality of the operation of ECOMOG, according to the ECOWAS system, as well as to general international law and the United Nations Charter, particularly Article 53 relating to regional organizations. The final section examines the impact of the intervention in Liberia on the development of the ECOWAS role in the maintenance of peace and security. It concludes that such intervention confirms that both humanitarian emergencies and civil wars now constitute threats to international peace and security and shows the usefulness of integrated forms of cooperation between regional organizations and the Security Council.

scholarly journals Global studies and the New Zealand Centre: meaning and potential

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Sovereign Equality ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Dominant Actor ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
United Nations Charter ◽  
Century Thought

Things change with the passage of time. In the late decades of the 20th century, international relations were naturally founded on 20th-century thought – the nation state as dominant actor; sovereign equality as central principle; international organisation as neutral arena; politicalmilitary strategy as guarantor of peace and security; selfdetermination, economic and social development and human rights as emerging norms. The United Nations Charter was the lodestar, despite the paralysis of the Cold War. The challenge was to make the charter work politically.

The Price of Peace? Frictional Encounters on Gender, Security and the ‘Economic Peace Paradigm’

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Nicole George
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Economic Participation ◽  
Business Acumen ◽  
The Impact

Since the early 2000s, the United Nations Security Council’s Women Peace and Security framework has been a key focus of gender advocacy for women’s organisations confronting outbreaks of conflict in the Pacific Islands region, and for those who demand involvement in processes of conflict transition. But in these contexts, arguments about the rights of women to be recognised as bearers of specific burdens in times of instability, we well as active contributors to the consolidation of peace and durable post-conflict governance also come into friction with vernacular notions of security and localised sentiments about the foundations for the safe ordering of community. In this chapter, I reflect on recent academic development of the concept of vernacular security and the insights this work might offer when examining the enabling and constraining nature of these frictions. In particular I examine the impact of programs emphasising women’s economic participation as a key element of post-conflict restoration in Solomon Islands and Bougainville. These programs yoke liberal models of individualised, rights bearing citizenship and empowerment with advocacy aiming to encourage women’s entrepreneurship and business acumen. They constitute an important element of post-conflict external aid delivery programs in both countries. Yet my own research conducted with women who have participated in these programs, as well as those seeking to improve their economic participation independently, point to the problems of assuming that women’s economic participation easily correlates to higher levels of gendered security and empowerment in these post conflict contexts. To develop this argument I reflect on the idea that women may labour, but for negligible gain, a concept first expressed by Solomon Islands scholar Alice Aruhe’eta Pollard in the early 2000s. Building further on this idea, I argue that vernacular perspectives on gender and economic order are particularly helpful for exposing the fragile and complex relationship between gendered “labour” and “gains” in gendered security in these sites.

The US vs China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Pivot To Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

This book addresses the most important question in geopolitics today – the future of the relations between the US and China. Concerned that the economic rise of China would lead it to challenge the US’s position in world affairs, the US reminded the world it is ‘both a Pacific and an Atlantic power’ and in 2010 announced it was making an historic shift in foreign policy to ‘pivot to Asia’, turning its strategic orientation from the Atlantic to the Pacific and Asia China. This book does not portray China position one-sidedly, but nonetheless challenges frontally the dominant causal explanations for and professed intentions of this US’s shift in policy, arguing that rather than countering a ‘regional aggressor’ or a dangerous ‘revisionist power’, the US is creating regional instability through an intervention against China that has echoes of the Cold War. The book delves into the real dynamics of contemporary Sino-American relations, surveying their complex interactions in the context of their post-war history. It surveys key components of the relations between China and the US in Asia, whether this is Russia’s turn to the east, the impact of Japanese nationalism, democracy in Myanmar, North Korea’s nuclear programme or disputes in the South China Sea, illuminating the defining issue shaping global politics for our time.

The Roots of Global Health Inequity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joia S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

This chapter outlines the historical roots of health inequities. It focuses on the African continent, where life expectancy is the shortest and health systems are weakest. The chapter describes the impoverishment of countries by colonial powers, the development of the global human rights framework in the post-World War II era, the impact of the Cold War on African liberation struggles, and the challenges faced by newly liberated African governments to deliver health care through the public sector. The influence of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund’s neoliberal economic policies is also discussed. The chapter highlights the shift from the aspiration of “health for all” voiced at the Alma Ata Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978, to the more narrowly defined “selective primary health care.” Finally, the chapter explains the challenges inherent in financing health in impoverished countries and how user fees became standard practice.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Fröhlich ◽  
Abiodun Williams
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
International Context ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Executive Action ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way ◽  
Guiding Questions

The Conclusion returns to the guiding questions introduced in the Introduction, looking at the way in which the book’s chapters answered them. As such, it identifies recurring themes, experiences, structures, motives, and trends over time. By summarizing the result of the chapters’ research into the interaction between the Secretaries-General and the Security Council, some lessons are identified on the changing calculus of appointments, the conditions and relevance of the international context, the impact of different personalities in that interaction, the changes in agenda and composition of the Council as well as different formats of interaction and different challenges to be met in the realm of peace and security, administration, and reform, as well as concepts and norms. Taken together, they also illustrate the potential and limitations of UN executive action.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Evolution and Determinant Factors of the Intra-Regional Trade Community Structures of the Indian Ocean Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Lihua Yuan ◽  
Xiaoqiang Chen ◽  
Changqing Song ◽  
Danping Cao ◽  
Hong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Impact

The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has become one of the main economic forces globally, and countries within the IOR have attempted to promote their intra-regional trade. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of the community structures of the intra-regional trade and the impact of determinant factors on the formation of trade community structures of the IOR from 1996 to 2017 using the methods of social network analysis. Trade communities are groups of countries with measurably denser intra-trade ties but with extra-trade ties that are measurably sparser among different communities. The results show that the extent of trade integration and the trade community structures of the IOR changed from strengthening between 1996 and 2014 to weakening between 2015 and 2017. The largest explanatory power of the formation of the IOR trade community structures was the IOR countries’ economic size, indicating that market remained the strongest driver. The second-largest explanatory power was geographical proximity, suggesting that countries within the IOR engaged in intra-regional trade still tended to select geographically proximate trading partners. The third- and the fourth-largest were common civilization and regional organizational memberships, respectively. This indicates that sharing a common civilization and constructing intra-regional institutional arrangements (especially open trade policies) helped the countries within the IOR strengthen their trade communities.

scholarly journals Research Gap Analysis of Remote Sensing Application in Fisheries: Prospects for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Kuo-Wei Yen ◽  
Chia-Hsiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Research Hotspots

Remote sensing (RS) technology, which can facilitate the sustainable management and development of fisheries, is easily accessible and exhibits high performance. It only requires the collection of sufficient information, establishment of databases and input of human and capital resources for analysis. However, many countries are unable to effectively ensure the sustainable development of marine fisheries due to technological limitations. The main challenge is the gap in the conditions for sustainable development between developed and developing countries. Therefore, this study applied the Web of Science database and geographic information systems to analyze the gaps in fisheries science in various countries over the past 10 years. Most studies have been conducted in the offshore marine areas of the northeastern United States of America. In addition, all research hotspots were located in the Northern Hemisphere, indicating a lack of relevant studies from the Southern Hemisphere. This study also found that research hotspots of satellite RS applications in fisheries were mainly conducted in (1) the northeastern sea area in the United States, (2) the high seas area of the North Atlantic Ocean, (3) the surrounding sea areas of France, Spain and Portugal, (4) the surrounding areas of the Indian Ocean and (5) the East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay sea areas to the north of Taiwan. A comparison of publications examining the three major oceans indicated that the Atlantic Ocean was the most extensively studied in terms of RS applications in fisheries, followed by the Indian Ocean, while the Pacific Ocean was less studied than the aforementioned two regions. In addition, all research hotspots were located in the Northern Hemisphere, indicating a lack of relevant studies from the Southern Hemisphere. The Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean have been the subjects of many local in-depth studies; in the Pacific Ocean, the coastal areas have been abundantly investigated, while offshore local areas have only been sporadically addressed. Collaboration and partnership constitute an efficient approach for transferring skills and technology across countries. For the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030, research networks can be expanded to mitigate the research gaps and improve the sustainability of marine fisheries resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document