Developing Criteria for Evidence-Based Assessment: An Introduction to Assessments That Work

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Professional Psychologists

For many professional psychologists, assessment is viewed as a unique and defining feature of their expertise. Criteria for evaluating the scientific evidence supporting clinical instruments are presented in this chapter, including criteria for norms, reliability, validity, and clinical utility. These criteria are used by chapter authors in this volume in their condition-specific reviews of assessment instruments used for (a) diagnosis, (b) case conceptualization and treatment planning, and (c) treatment monitoring and treatment evaluation. Selecting and using scientifically sound instruments is a necessary starting point for evidence-based practice, but a remaining challenge is for professionals to integrate the resulting assessment data in a manner that is itself evidence-based.

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

2018 ◽  
pp. 266-292
Author(s):  
Amy R. Sewart ◽  
Michelle G. Craske
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Scientific Support

Abstract: Panic disorder refers to recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, followed by at least 1 month of persistent concern about their recurrence and their consequences or a significant maladaptive change in behavior consequent to the attacks. Highly comorbid with panic disorder, agoraphobia refers to marked fear or avoidance of specific situations from which escape is perceived to be difficult or in which help may be unavailable in the event of panic-like or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms. This chapter focuses on the assessment of panic disorder and agoraphobia in adults. It begins with a review of the nature of the disorders, which is followed by a review of clinical assessment instruments designed for the assessment purposes of (a) diagnosis, (b) case conceptualization and treatment planning, and (c) treatment monitoring and evaluation. Recommendations are included for instruments with the greatest scientific support and for assessing these anxiety disorders in a clinically sensitive manner.

Adult Depression

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-151
Author(s):  
Jacqueline B. Persons ◽  
David M. Fresco ◽  
Juliet Small Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Scientific Support

Abstract: This chapter focuses on the assessment of depression in adults. It focuses on major depressive disorder (MDD) because the empirical support for the tools and theories and therapies described in this chapter focuses most frequently on MDD. Many other disorders, as well as phenomena that are not disorders (e.g., grief), share features with MDD, and many of the assessment tools described in this chapter will be helpful in those cases as well. The chapter begins with an overview of the nature of the disorder, which is followed by reviews of assessment instruments designed for the purposes of (a) diagnosis, (b) case conceptualization and treatment planning, and (c) treatment monitoring and evaluation. We include recommendations for instruments that have the greatest scientific support and that assess depression in a clinically sensitive manner.

Chronic Pain in Adults

2018 ◽  
pp. 608-628
Author(s):  
Thomas Hadjistavropoulos ◽  
Natasha L. Gallant ◽  
Michelle M. Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Selection Of

Pain is widely regarded as a psychological experience that incorporates both physical and emotional components. It is well-documented that pain can be influenced by social, psychological as well as biological factors. The chapter focuses on the assessment of pain in adults. It begins with a discussion of pain and its communication followed by a review of clinical assessment instruments designed to inform (a) diagnosis, (b) case conceptualization and treatment planning, and (c) treatment monitoring and evaluation. Recommendations for the selection of specific instruments are also included.

Child and Adolescent Pain

2018 ◽  
pp. 583-607
Author(s):  
C. Meghan McMurtry ◽  
Patrick J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Subjective State ◽  
Scientific Support

Pain is a complex, subjective state that has both sensory and emotional components. It is common throughout childhood. This chapter focuses on the assessment of pain and the effects of pain on the functioning of youth and their families across domains such as physical, emotional, and social role functioning, because the nature of pain requires assessment beyond simplistic pain intensity. It begins with a review of the nature of the condition, which is followed by a review of clinical assessment instruments designed for the assessment purposes of (a) diagnosis, (b) case conceptualization and treatment planning, and (c) treatment monitoring and evaluation. Recommendations are included for instruments with the greatest scientific support and for assessing pain in a clinically sensitive manner.

Eating Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 541-562
Author(s):  
Robyn Sysko ◽  
Sara Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Scientific Support

In comparison to other psychiatric diagnoses, eating disorders are relatively rare among the population, but are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This chapter focuses on the assessment of eating disorders in adults and youth, including individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. It begins with a review of the nature of the disorders, which is followed by a review of clinical assessment instruments designed for the assessment purposes of (a) diagnosis, (b) case conceptualization and treatment planning, and (c) treatment monitoring and evaluation. Recommendations are included for instruments with the greatest scientific support and for assessing eating disorders in a clinically sensitive manner.

Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors

2018 ◽  
pp. 193-214
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Millner ◽  
Matthew K. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Abstract: Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) are an enormous global public health problem. Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and cross-national studies estimate that the prevalence of nonlethal SITBs ranges from 3% to 9%. This chapter focuses on the assessment of SITB in youth and adults. It begins with a review of the nature of the condition, which is followed by a review of clinical assessment instruments designed for the assessment purposes of (a) determining the presence and frequency of SITB, (b) case conceptualization and treatment planning, and (c) treatment monitoring and evaluation. Recommendations are included for instruments with the greatest scientific support and for assessing SITB in a clinically sensitive manner.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-70
Author(s):  
Charlotte Johnston ◽  
Sara Colalillo
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Abstract: The chapter focuses on the assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in clinical settings and on measures appropriate for youth. Six- to 12-year-old children are the group most frequently referred for assessment and treatment of ADHD; therefore, literatures regarding assessment at other ages are not as well developed and not reviewed in this chapter. However, consistent with the recent adoption of a lifespan perspective on ADHD, this chapter also includes information pertaining to the assessment of ADHD in adulthood. The chapter begins with a review of the nature of the disorder, which is followed by a review of clinical assessment instruments designed for the assessment purposes of (a) diagnosis, (b) case conceptualization and treatment planning, and (c) treatment monitoring and evaluation. Recommendations are included for instruments with the greatest scientific support and for assessing ADHD in a clinically sensitive manner.

scholarly journals THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-856
Author(s):  
Jongwon Park ◽  
Hye-Gyoung Yoon ◽  
Mijung Kim ◽  
Hunkoog Jho
Keyword(s):  
Science Learning ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Teaching Science ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Evidence Evaluation ◽  
Practical Implications

Scientific evidence-based reasoning has been recognized as a form of reasoning that characterizes scientific thinking. This study questioned what scientific evidence means in the various types of scientific activities; that is, this study explored the nature of scientific evidence (NOSE). To do this, previous studies were examined to understand how scientific evidence was analyzed, evaluated, and utilized during the scientific activities of scientists or students in scientific or everyday situations. Through this process, seven statements were identified to describe the NOSE. This study explains these seven NOSE statements, constructs a process of scientific evidence-based reasoning as a structured form by reflecting these seven statements comprehensively, and discusses the practical implications for teaching science in schools. Finally, the limitations of this study are discussed, and possible directions for future studies are suggested. It is believed that the list of NOSE characteristics can provide a starting point for further elucidation and discussion of scientific evidence and helping students’ science learning in more authentic ways. Keywords: evidence evaluation, evidence-based reasoning, evidence-based response, idea-based response, scientific evidence

ACT in Steps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Twohig ◽  
Michael E. Levin ◽  
Clarissa W. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Inner Experiences ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Starting Point

This book is a guide for new therapists on the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for any psychological disorder that involves some level of struggle with inner experiences; it is not targeted to any particular diagnosis. The book is suitable for graduate students who are seeing their first client, for clinicians with years of experience who have never done ACT or are just learning about ACT, and for anyone who is interested in applying ACT across a range of presentations. The book also includes exercises and worksheets that will continue to be useful for sessions after the therapist is competent in ACT. The chapters walk therapists through a recommended sequence of ACT sessions, including creative hopelessness, control as the problem, acceptance, defusion, mindfulness, values, and committed action. They also contain accompanying materials for clients. The book provides information on assessment, case conceptualization, treatment planning, and intervention that therapists can use as a starting point for practicing ACT. The book is intended to serve as a more structured framework from which therapists can learn and experiment with ACT concepts as they begin to get more experience with the therapy.

Personality Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 464-486
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Rojas ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Scientific Support

Abstract: The 10 personality disorders are the paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal; the histrionic, antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic; and the avoidant, dependent, and obsessive–compulsive. By definition, personality disorders must be evident since adolescence or young adulthood and have been relatively chronic and stable throughout adult life. As such, they often predate the occurrence of other mental disorders, such as a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder. This chapter focuses on the assessment of personality disorders in adults. It begins with a review of the nature of the disorders, which is followed by a review of clinical assessment instruments designed for the assessment purposes of (a) diagnosis, (b) case conceptualization and treatment planning, and (c) treatment monitoring and evaluation. Recommendations are included for instruments with the greatest scientific support and for assessing personality disorders in a clinically sensitive manner.

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