The Family Caregiving Imperative

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Elaine Wittenberg ◽  
Joy V. Goldsmith ◽  
Sandra L. Ragan ◽  
Terri Ann Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Illness Narratives ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
The Family

The majority of adults will develop or contract one or more chronic illnesses in the latter third of their lives. They will live protractedly with illness for years before death. About one in six Americans (adult aged, as there are no reliable numbers on caregivers under the age of 18) provide an estimated 37 billion hours of unpaid care to family or friends. This population of caregivers shoulders a heavy load with little support, putting their own health in peril. A description of the caregiving population, their tasks, and financial costs are detailed. The four most common chronic illnesses of dementia, cancer, diabetes, and heart disease are specifically examined from a caregiving perspective. An argument is presented that situates the patient and caregiver as one unit of care, prioritizing family communication as a key part of health communication and decision-making. The summative force of perceived, experienced, and anticipated communication for the caregiver with patient, providers, family, and system is described. Caregiver effectiveness and well-being can be improved through better communication and improved health literacy, which also improves patient outcomes. The integration of family illness narratives that situate the informal caregiver’s experiences are presented. Four featured caregiver stories are detailed and set the stage for a typology of caregivers, which will unfold across the volume.

Stereotype threat as a psychological feature of work–life conflict

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-320
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Stereotype Threat Theory ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Threat Theory ◽  
Work Life Conflict

Much remains unknown about the boundary conditions of stereotype threat and the factors that influence how it manifests in various domains. In particular, non-performance-related responses to stereotype threat have been relatively neglected, and little is known about stereotype threats in domains where group membership is less stable over the life course. Using both correlational and experimental methods, these studies use the work–life conflict domain to contribute to stereotype threat theory along these dimensions. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that stereotype threat based on caregiver status predicts increased use of coping strategies that involve sacrifices in work productivity, family caregiving, and personal well-being. Studies 1 through 3 suggest that formal flexibility accommodation policies (such as the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993) may not be an effective intervention in stereotype threat in the work–life conflict domain; providing informal social cues of support for employees with caregiving responsibilities, however, may be effective.

scholarly journals A Review of the Complex Role of Family Caregivers as Health Team Members and Second-Order Patients

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Physical Decline ◽  
Health Team ◽  
The Family

In Palliative Care, the unit of care is the patient and their family. Although members of the health care team often address the family caregiver’s opinions and concerns, the focus of care remains on the needs of the patient. The readiness and willingness of the family caregiver is often overlooked as they are expected to assume a complex caregiving role. When family caregivers are not intellectually or emotionally prepared or physically capable, the caregiver is at high risk for serious health issues and cognitive, emotional, and physical decline particularly as caregiving extends over time. Family caregivers are often a neglected and at-risk population. Illustrated through the use of a case study, this article addresses the complex role of family caregivers, as both health team members and second-order patients. It emphasizes the importance of family assessment and interventions to balance the burdens and benefits of family caregiving and protect caregivers’ health and well-being.

scholarly journals The Impact of Major Events on the Lives of Family Caregivers of Children with Disabilities

1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 502-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. McDonald ◽  
Graciela Couchonnal ◽  
Theresa Early
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Children's Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
The Impact

The authors examine the family caregiving experience among families with children with severe emotional disabilities from a perspective that recognizes the importance of the family's views and feelings. This viewpoint anticipates the occurrence of both positive and negative experiences and seeks to illuminate the caregiving process from the perspective of outcomes achieved. Family caregivers of 164 children with serious emotional disorders were asked to identify major pleasant and stressful events that had occurred in the past 12 months. The most frequently described pleasant events related to children's behavior, school activities, and interactions with professionals and friends. Frequently described problem areas included children's behavior, professionals/services, and difficulty with school. The impact of these pleasant and stressful events was examined with respect to caregivers' perceived well-being: (1) overall stress, (2) the ability to fulfill responsibilities, and (3) pleasure experienced in various life domains. Implications of the study findings for supporting family caregivers in their roles are discussed.

scholarly journals 家庭成員共同決定——儒家家庭本位思想在臨床決定中的體現

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Hanhui XU
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
The Family

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.儒家家庭本位思想對於中國傳統社會有著極其深刻的影響，而這種影響直到今天仍然發揮著巨大的作用，並由此形成了中國特有的社會結構和家庭觀念。在中國家庭中，家庭成員之間的關係更加密切，遇到重大事情，往往會由家庭成員共同做出決定。由於這種特殊的文化氛圍，在臨床決定的時候，應該用家庭共同決定代替個人自主決定，這種模式既能保障個人權利，維護個人利益，同時也是尊重家庭決定，營造和諧的家庭關係。Family involvement in medical decision making is a common practice in China due to the influence of Confucianism, which emphasizes the family as an organic unit. Instead of speaking of the individual’s right to choose and make a decision, the Confucian model for “informed consent” calls for “family co-decision making” or “co-determination.” The essay argues that China has long-standing moral traditions such as Confucianism, with its inherent ethical views toward family values that are still pertinent to a person’s daily life in general and bio-medical issues in particular.The author points out that those who acknowledge the role of the family in medical decision making feel much more satisfied. Sometimes both medical and non-medical burdens related to family roles and relationships are taken into consideration, but a patient who has good family relationships would rather family members be actively involved in the decision making. In addition, as young people are becoming increasingly individualistic under the influence of Western culture, family medical co-decision making can promote the Confucian values of family, family responsibility, and the well-being of individuals.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 1791 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals Translating Basic Research on the Aging Family to Caregiving Intervention: The Case of Within-Family Differences

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Pillemer ◽  
Megan Gilligan
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Innovative Program ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Since its inception, the field of gerontology has sought to establish optimal connections between the scientific activities of researchers and the real-world concerns of practitioners and clinicians. The concept of translational research has emerged in recent years as a model for bridging the gap between science and service. This article provides an example of how basic research findings can be translated to provide guidance for intervention in the area of family caregiving. We review findings from an innovative program of research on within-family differences, which extends theory and research from the developmental psychological study of children to the family in later life. The within-family difference perspective focuses on how the individual parent–child dyads in a particular family differ from and are affected by other dyads. Basic research on this topic has revealed the extent of parental favoritism in later life, factors related to parental differential treatment of offspring, and the consequences of such favoritism and treatment on sibling relationship quality and psychological well-being. Four examples are provided of ways in which attention to within-family differences research could enhance caregiving interventions.

scholarly journals Distinguishing between household headship with and without power and its association with subjective well-being among older adults: an analytical cross-sectional study in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
T. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Household Headship ◽  
The Family

Abstract Background The status of household headship accorded to the older members of the family is often symbolic and seldom vested with some control over resources. The increased dependency and diminished ability to contribute to household economy are major factors that lead to a decline in the respect accorded to older people and their status in the family. The present study aimed to understand the distinction between the functional and nominal household headship status of older adults based on their decision-making power and examine how it is associated with their subjective well-being. Method The present research used data from the 'Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India' (BKPAI) which is nationally representative. The survey was conducted in 2011, across seven states of India. Descriptive statistics along with percentage distribution were calculated for subjective well-being over explanatory variables. For finding the association between subjective well-being over explanatory variables, binary logistic regression model was used. Results The mean age of the study population was 68 years [CI: 67.8–68.2]. About 5 % of older adults had nominal while 95% had functional headship status. The prevalence of low subjective well-being (LSWB) was significantly higher among older adults with nominal headship status (58%) than functional headship status (23%). After controlling for several other variables, older adults with nominal headship status were 59% significantly more likely to have low subjective well-being than individuals with functional headship status (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.31). Further, older adults with psychological distress, chronic morbidity, poor self-reported health, no community involvement and no one to trust on were at higher risk of LSWB than their counterparts. Conclusions Findings suggest that older adults who do not have a household headship with power with active participation in household decision-making as well as those who have no involvement in social activities or have poor health conditions need to be given more attention. Thus, to keep a large proportion of older population gainfully engaged, their care and support should be ensured via providing appropriate services that would enhance their roles and responsibilities and overall wellbeing.

scholarly journals Familism and its Impact on Younger African-American Informal Family Caregiver Role Strain and Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 653-654
Author(s):  
Ivana Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
African American ◽  
Healthcare Provider ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
The United States ◽  
African American Female ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Familism Values

Abstract Informal family caregivers of older adults are the life’s blood of the long-term services and supports (LTSS) system in the United States, providing an estimated $470 billion in unpaid care each year. This care is disproportionately provided by racial and ethnic minority families, where systemic economic disparities make it impossible to afford formal care in many cases. Adding to this are the cultural expectations or familism values that often influence attitudes and beliefs about caregiving. These expectations and values contribute to the emotional, psychological, financial, and professional strain experienced by caregivers. They also impact the caregiver-healthcare provider dyad as well as the caregiver-patient-healthcare provider triad, where shared decision-making is an essential component of providing LTSS for family members. This presentation applies an auto-enthographic lens to the author’s personal experiences as a younger African-American female caregiver of an elderly, terminally ill family member and as a medical social worker to highlight the gaps that exist between familism values, the shifting reality of family caregiving, and available resources and addresses related implications for the future of long-term care in a family-centered context.

scholarly journals Influence of Leadership on Organizational Effectiveness of Commercial Banks And Political Parties

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Bashkim BELLAQA ◽  
Arif KRASNIQI ◽  
Xhavit SHALA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Loan Portfolio ◽  
Successful Leadership ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Characteristics Development ◽  
Central Level

Kosovar society needs a leadership that has and brings new ideas in all spheres, starting from the family to the central level of the state. An important factor in the development of political parties and their activities is undoubtedly the development of a successful leadership, in order to achieve the objectives that contribute to improving the well-being of the population and the economic development of the country. The main purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of leadership in banking organizations in Kosovo and the study of leadership in organizations of political parties in Kosovo. Decision-making analysis, leader characteristics, development of communication with subordinates, way of clarifying the objectives of the organization, etc. will be discussed in this paper. During 2018, the loan portfolio of banks operating in Kosovo was about 2.76 billion euros. Sassipre / econometric analysis was also used in this research. Leaders of political parties in terms of decision-making turn out to be more focused on the program of political parties with about 52.1%. The linear correlation of the determination correlation is positive.471. , etc.

Family experiences of caregiving to patients with Alzheimer

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Al-Zyoud ◽  
Mahmoud Maharmeh ◽  
Muayyad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to describe and understand the family experience of caregiving to their Alzheimer patients and to explore the impact of caregiving on the family’s caregiver well-being. Design/methodology/approach The study involved eight family caregivers from the outpatient department, specifically from the neurology-medical clinic. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used for data collection through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings Four themes emerged: caregiver perception, tension, the sense of duty and commitment and altruism and sacrifice. The experience of family caregivers was different from their experiences with other chronic illnesses. Originality/value The family caregivers experience new life when providing care to their patients with Alzheimer's. The impact of the process of caregiving on whole life appeared in both positive and negative aspects. The perception and awareness of family caregivers toward Alzheimer’s disease were poor.

scholarly journals Effect of Women’s Role on Household Decision Making on Institutional Delivery of the recent Child in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Ramesh Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Institutional Delivery ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Household Decision Making ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women's Role

Nepalese women are behind than men in many areas, such as educational attainment, participation in decision-making and health service utilization, all of which have an impact on reproductive health outcomes. This paper explores effect of women's role on household decision making on institutional delivery of the child in Nepal Data as drawn from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, 2011. The analysis is confined to women who had given birth in the five years preceding the survey (n=4,148). The net effect of women’s role on household decision making on institutional delivery after controlling for the effect of other predictors has been measured through multivariate logistic regression analysis. The findings indicate that institutional delivery was still very low in Nepal. Only two in five of the women (40%) had delivered their last child with health facilities. Notably, higher level of women’s role on household decision was associated with higher level of institutional delivery [adjusted odds ratio (aOR=1.20)] than their comparison group. It can be concluded that programs should aim to increase use of maternal health services by improving women’s role on household decision making so that the overall well-being of the family can be maintained and enhanced.

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