Self-harm

2020 ◽  
pp. 1289-1295
Author(s):  
Nav Kapur ◽  
Sarah Steeg ◽  
Adam Moreton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

Self-harm—mainly self-poisoning and self-injury—is an important cause of presentation to health services internationally. The annual incidence worldwide is likely to be in the region of 4 per 1000 adults, with a lifetime prevalence of between 3% and 5% in Western countries. Self-harm is more common in young people and more common in girls than boys. Self-harm has a complex aetiology, with sociodemographic, clinical, environmental, and genetic factors all contributing. It is associated with a greatly increased risk of suicide and death by other causes—1 in 50 people die by suicide in the year after hospital presentation for self-harm. Models of suicidal behaviour may help us to understand how different risk factors link together, but risk scales are unlikely to be useful in practice because of their limited predictive value.

Suicidal behaviour and nonsuicidal self-injury among patients with eating disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Judit Balazs ◽  
Lili Olga Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Comorbid Psychopathology

Eating disorders (EDs), especially anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) often co-occur with suicidal behaviour and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The shared epidemiological and risk factors of EDs, suicidal behaviour, and NSSI include the self-destructive and body-focused characteristics of these behaviours; body dissatisfaction, interoceptive deficits, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and several environmental risk factors. Compared to the general population, lifetime rates of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and NSSI are increased among patients with AN, BN, or BED. Risk factors play a role in the development of suicidal behaviour in patients with EDs, including comorbid psychopathology that is associated with an increased risk of suicide itself, increased impulsive behaviours including NSSI, the duration of illness, and the number of previous treatments. Being aware of the increased risk and the ED-specific risk factors of suicidal behaviour are essential for preventing suicide and treating clinical risk factors in patients with EDs.

scholarly journals Late-adolescent risk factors for suicide and self-harm in middle-aged men: explorative prospective population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Nyberg ◽  
Sara Gustavsson ◽  
Maria A. I. Åberg ◽  
H. Georg Kuhn ◽  
Margda Waern
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundRecent reports show alarmingly high rates of suicide in middle-aged men, yet there are few long-term prospective studies that focus on suicidal behaviour in men in this age group.AimsTo prospectively explore associations of potential risk factors at age 18 with suicide and self-harm in middle-aged men.MethodA population-based Swedish longitudinal cohort study of male conscripts with no history of self-harm at enlistment in 1968–1989 (n = 987 583). Conscription examinations included measures of cognitive performance, stress resilience, psychiatric diagnoses, body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength. Suicides and self-harm at age 45–65 years were identified in the National Hospital Register and Swedish Cause of Death Register. Risks were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsLow stress resilience (cause-specific hazard ratio CHR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.95–2.74), low cognitive ability (CHR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.71–2.37) as well as psychiatric disorders and low cardiovascular fitness in late adolescence were associated with increased risk for suicide in middle-aged men. Similar risk estimates were obtained for self-harm. In addition, high and low BMI as well as low muscle strength were associated with increased risk of self-harm. Associations also remained significant after exclusion of men with self-harm before age 45.ConclusionsThis prospective study provides life-course perspective support that psychological and physical characteristics in late adolescence may have long-lasting consequences for suicidal behaviour in middle-aged men, a very large population at heightened risk of suicide.

scholarly journals Examining risk factors for self-harm and suicide in LGBTQ+ young people: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031541
Author(s):  
A Jess Williams ◽  
Jon Arcelus ◽  
Ellen Townsend ◽  
Maria Michail
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

IntroductionYoung people who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning (LGBTQ+) are at increased risk for self-harm, suicide ideation and behaviours. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive understanding of what risk factors influence these behaviours within LGBTQ+ young people as a whole. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine risk factors associated with self-harm, suicidal ideation and behaviour in LGBTQ+) young people.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be conducted, conforming to the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement recommendations. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) will be systematically searched for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, cohort and case–control designs which examine risk factors for self-harm and/or suicidal ideation and behaviour in LGBTQ+ young people (aged 12–25 years). Only studies published in English will be included. No date restrictions will be applied. Study quality assessment will be conducted using the original and modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scales. Meta-analysis or narrative synthesis will be used, dependent on findings.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review of published literature and thereby ethical approval was not sought. The review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal, be publicly disseminated at conferences focusing on mental health, self-harm and suicide prevention. The findings will also be shared through public engagement and involvement, particularly those related to young LGBTQ+ individuals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019130037.

scholarly journals Protocol: A two-wave cross-sectional study in England investigating suicidal behaviour and self-harm amongst healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prianka Padmanathan ◽  
Danielle Lamb ◽  
Hannah Scott ◽  
Simon Wessely ◽  
Paul Moran
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionThere have been longstanding concerns regarding an increased risk of suicide amongst healthcare workers. The Covid-19 pandemic has placed an additional burden on staff, yet few studies have investigated the impact of the pandemic on their risk of suicide and self-harm. We aimed to investigate the cumulative incidence, prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury amongst healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods and AnalysisNHS Check is an online survey that was distributed to all staff (clinical and non-clinical), students, and volunteers in 18 NHS Trusts across England during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collected in wave 1 (collected between April 2020 and January 2021) and wave 2 (collected 6-month after wave 1) will be analysed. The full cohort of wave 1 participants will be weighted to represent the age, sex, ethnicity, and roles profile of the workforce at each Trust, and the weighted prevalence and cumulative incidence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury will be described. Two-level random effects logistic regression models will be used to investigate the relationship between suicidal behaviour and self-harm, and demographic characteristics (age, sex, ethnicity) and workplace factors (concerns regarding access to personal protective equipment, re-deployment status, moral injury, confidence around raising and the management of safety concerns, support by supervisors or managers, satisfaction with standard of care provided). Results will be stratified by role (clinical/non-clinical).

The Voodoo Doll Self-Injury Task: A New Measure of Sub-Clinical Self-Harm Tendencies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Skylan Chester ◽  
Tchiki Davis ◽  
C. Nathan DeWall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Clinical Validity ◽  
Total N ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Initial Support

We introduce a new measure of sub-clinical self-harm tendencies, the Voodoo Doll Self-Injury Task (VDSIT). In this computer task, participants virtually stick a number of sharp pins in a doll that represents themselves. Across five community and undergraduate samples who were not recruited based on their self-harm history or risk (total N = 1,289), VDSIT scores were higher among participants with histories of actual self-injury and were positively correlated with state and trait level motivations to self-harm. VDSIT scores did not correspond to tendencies to harm others, showed sensitivity to experimental manipulations that increase self-harm tendencies, and were positively correlated with established risk factors for self-harm (e.g., depression). The VDSIT did not, on average, elicit significant distress from participants during or after the task, even among participants who had previously engaged in self-harm. Whereas the clinical utility of this measure remains unexamined, these findings provide initial support for the VDSIT’s sub-clinical validity, which can help researchers accurately, economically, and rapidly measure state and trait level self-harm tendencies using both correlational and experimental designs.

scholarly journals Factores contextuales relacionados a las conductas de autolesión no suicidas: una revisión sistemática

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Karen Guadalupe Duarte Tánori ◽  
José Ángel Vera Noriega ◽  
Daniel Fregoso Borrego
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Self Harm

Las conductas autolesivas implican hacerse daño sin la intención de llegar al suicidio, y son comportamientos que se consideran como un problema que va en aumento entre la población adolescente; de hecho, en México los datos estadísticos estiman que 10% de los adolescentes se autolesionan; no obstante, la investigación de los factores de riesgo contextuales que propician tales conductas se ha considerado inadecuada y limitada. Objetivo: Con la finalidad de recabar las variables y teorías actuales para abordar el problema, el propósito de esta revisión fue analizar la bibliografía especializada sobre los factores contextuales relacionados a las conductas de autolesión no suicida en adolescentes. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases de datos Scopus, EBSCO, Dialnet Plus y SciELO, considerando los artículos publicados de enero de 2015 a abril de 2019, y empleando las palabras clave self-injury, self-harm, adolescents, teenagers, risk factors, autolesión, adolescentes y factores de riesgo, ubicadas tanto en el título como en el resumen. Se seleccionaron diez trabajos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión en la base bibliográfica. Resultados: Entre las variables estudiadas en los distintos artículos, relacionadas con la familia se encontraron como significativas la muerte de los padres, un historial de abuso y los conflictos familiares, mientras que en las vinculadas a la escuela la variable significativa fue la victimización en el acoso escolar.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Self-Harm among Undergraduate Students in a Private University in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Johnson F.A. ◽  
Ogunsanmi L. ◽  
Ayokanmi I.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Intrapersonal Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Self Harm

Background: Today, the most prevalent and the leading cause of death among young people is suicide. Worldwide, suicide accounts for an estimated 6% of all deaths among young people. The study examined the various risk factors for suicidal ideation and self-harm amongst Babcock University undergraduates. Method: Descriptive survey research design was utilized with a multistage sampling technique to select 398 undergraduates. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire that sought information on the environmental, social, and intrapersonal factors influencing suicide ideation and self-harm. Results were presented via means and percentages for descriptive statistics; correlation and regression were used to determine the associations between suicidal ideation and the risk factors. Ethical clearance was sought from Babcock University Health Research Ethics Committee. Results: The distribution of participants showed that 46.0% (183) were males while 54.0% (215) were females. Environmental factors influencing suicidal ideation were computed and measured on a 21-point rating scale with a mean ± SD of 13.38±3.458. The respondents' mean ± SD for the social factors measured on a 27-point rating scale was 17.15±5.772. Correlation analysis showed that suicide ideation had a statistically significant relationship with gender (p<0.01), parents' spousal relationship (p<0.01), environmental (p<0.01), social (p<0.01), and intrapersonal factors (p<0.01). Self-harm had a significant relationship with parents' relationship (p<0.01), environmental (p<0.01), social (p<0.01) and intrapersonal factors (p<0.01). However, the practice of self-harm was not different across the two genders (p = 0.170). Conclusion: Suicidal behaviors have been seen to be a serious public health concern. The prevention and intervention programs of suicide and self-harm should consider the particular characteristics of adolescent suicide and self-harm. This should include social transmission and recognition of mental health disorders.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic, mental health and childhood adversity risk factors for self-harm and suicidal behaviour in College students in Northern Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan O'Neill ◽  
Margaret McLafferty ◽  
Edel Ennis ◽  
Coral Lapsley ◽  
Tony Bjourson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Self Harm

Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Borderline Personality Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Andover ◽  
Heather T. Schatten ◽  
Blair W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempted ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at an elevated risk for engaging in self-injurious behaviors, including suicide, attempted suicide, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of research on self-injurious behaviors among individuals with BPD. Definitions and prevalence rates are provided for NSSI, suicide, and attempted suicide. Clinical correlates of and risk factors for the behaviors, as well as associations between specific BPD criteria and self-injurious behaviors, are discussed, and a brief overview of treatments focused on reducing self-injurious behaviors among BPD patients is provided. By understanding risk factors for attempted suicide and NSSI in BPD, we can better identify patients who are at increased risk and focus treatment efforts on addressing modifiable risk factors.

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