Genital ulceration

2020 ◽  
pp. 1610-1612
Author(s):  
Patrick French ◽  
Raj Patel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Major Risk Factor ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Genital Ulceration ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genital Ulcer Disease

Genital ulceration can be caused by many common and rare sexually transmitted infections (STIs), dermatological conditions, and trauma. Key to making a specific diagnosis that will direct treatment is a standard sexual and travel history followed by appropriate diagnostic tests. Genital ulcer disease is a major risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of HIV. Various classifications and algorithms are proposed to help identify pathogens and guide immediate management, but care must be taken when working through these.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in a tertiary care centre of North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5404
Author(s):  
Amarbir Singh Boparai ◽  
Jatinderpal Singh ◽  
B. K. Brar ◽  
Sukhpreet Kaur Gill
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Genital Ulcer ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genital Ulcer Disease

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) are most common notifiable infectious diseases in the world. Knowledge of prevalence of STI’s is important to implement appropriate control strategies. This study is undertaken to see any changing trends in prevalence of STI’s by comparing with previous studies.Methods: All the patients who attended STI clinic from July 2019 to June 2020 were included in the study. Diagnosis was made on basis of history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations.Results: The 2188 patients were seen from July 2019 to June 2020 in STI clinic. Mean age group of patients is 25-44 years. Scabies (31.6%) was the commonest STI seen in outpatient department followed by balanoposthitis (16.4), vaginal discharge (12.5%), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (11.4%), herpetic genital ulcer disease (7.9%), genital warts (5.8%), molluscum contagiosum (2.4%), syphilis (2.4%), urethral discharge (1.7%), non-herpetic genital ulcer disease (0.4%), non-gonococcal urethritis (0.4%).Conclusions: Scabies was the most common STI reported in our study followed by balanoposthitis and vaginal/cervical discharge. Among the viral STI’s, HIV is showing alarmingly rising trends and is most common viral STI seen in the study followed by herpes simplex virus (HSV). May be there is less reporting of genital herpes simplex infection due to its self-resolution. As compared to previous studies, rising trends of fungal infections are seen which can be due to syndromic management of bacterial STI’s, rising incidence of diabetes mellitus as well as illicit use of over-the-counter broad-spectrum antibiotics given by the local practitioners.

scholarly journals Estimating syphilis seroprevalence among patients in a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Jane S Chen ◽  
Mitch Matoga ◽  
Shiraz Khan ◽  
Edward Jere ◽  
Cecilia Massa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Syndromic Management ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genital Ulcer Disease ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Syphilis Screening ◽  
Genital Ulcers ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

The syndromic management of genital ulcer disease (GUD) misses asymptomatic syphilis cases but is widely utilized in resource-limited settings without diagnostic capabilities to ensure treatment for the most common etiologies of GUD. We used rapid serology tests for syphilis screening at a Malawian sexually transmitted infections clinic. The estimated seroprevalence was 9% and was highest among patients with genital ulcers (26%) and newly diagnosed HIV infection (19%). Rapid syphilis screening has the potential to increase syphilis detection, but accurate patient histories regarding syphilis diagnosis and prior treatment are needed.

scholarly journals Recent Trends of Syndromic Sexually Transmitted Infections at a Tertiary Care Center in Maharashtra, India: A Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindranath Brahmadeo Chavan ◽  
Vasudha Abhijit Belgaumkar ◽  
Nitika S. Deshmukh ◽  
Ranjitha Krishnegowda
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Genital Ulcer ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genital Ulcer Disease

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and STIs are linked in their similar mode of transmission, with STIs facilitating the acquisition and transmission of HIV. The prevalence pattern of individual STIs may evolve over time necessitating a corresponding change in management strategies. Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the burden and any change in the etiological trend among attendees of an STIs clinic at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data retrieved from consecutive patients attending an STIs clinic over two years (July 2018 to July 2020). Results: Overall, 1916 patients were diagnosed with STIs. The predominant age group was 25 - 44 years (59.23%). Genital ulcer disease was the foremost syndrome (1213, 63.3%). Overall, herpetic genital ulcer was the most common (682, 35.6%), followed by non-herpetic ulcers (531, 27.7%). Vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, and urethritis were found in 461 (24%), 219 (11.43%), and 23 (1.27%) of the patients, respectively. Amongst 237 (12.36%) In HIV seropositive attendees, genital ulcer disease (herpetic) was the most common syndrome (179, 75.53%), followed by vaginal discharge (42, 17.72%), lower abdominal pain (9, 3.8%), and urethritis (7, 2.9%). Conclusions: A definite change in the profile of STIs was observed with ulcerative STIs (particularly herpes genitalis) constituting the major burden against a discernible back drop of decreasing non-herpetic STIs. A systematic, regional, periodic synopsis would not only help to follow and document the dynamic trends, but also can help to assess the effectiveness of control programs.

The Causal Role for Genital Ulcer Disease as a Risk Factor for Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY C. DICKERSON ◽  
JEFF JOHNSTON ◽  
THOMAS E. DELEA ◽  
ALICE WHITE ◽  
ELIZABETH ANDREWS
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Genital Ulcer ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Genital Ulcer Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Etiology of Genital Ulcer Disease in Dakar, Senegal, and Comparison of PCR and Serologic Assays for Detection of Haemophilus ducreyi

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Totten ◽  
Jane M. Kuypers ◽  
Cheng-Yen Chen ◽  
Michelle J. Alfa ◽  
Linda M. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Haemophilus Ducreyi ◽  
Genital Ulcer ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genital Ulcer Disease ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT We used PCR assays to determine the etiology of genital ulcers in patients presenting to a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Dakar, Senegal, and evaluated the ability of two PCR tests ( groEL and recD ) and two serological tests (adsorption enzyme immunoassay [EIA] and lipooligosaccharide [LOS] EIA) to detect current Haemophilus ducreyi infection. We found that in this population, H. ducreyi , T. pallidum , and herpes simplex virus HSV DNA were detected in 56, 15, and 13% of 39 genital ulcer specimens, respectively, and H. ducreyi DNA was detected in 60% (3 of 5) of samples from ulcerated bubos. Among 40 consecutive patients with genital ulcer disease and with sufficient sample for both PCR assays, the recD and groEL H. ducreyi PCR assays were 83% concordant, with the recD PCR assay detecting six (15%) additional positive specimens and the groEL assay detecting one (3%) additional positive specimen. Compared to PCR, the adsorption EIA and LOS EIA tests had sensitivities of 71 and 59% and specificities of 57 and 90%, respectively, for the diagnosis of current H. ducreyi infection. While these differences in specificity could be due either to previous infection with H. ducreyi or to the detection of cross-reacting antibodies, only 6% of patients from a nearby family planning clinic gave a positive reaction in both the adsorption EIA and LOS EIA assays, indicating that cross-reacting antibodies are not prevalent among clinic attendees in this city. Our studies indicate that the adsorption EIA detects both current and past infection, while the LOS EIA assay is more specific for current infection with H. ducreyi in this population.

Posttravel Evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. 603-652
Author(s):  
Gary W. Brunette ◽  
Jeffrey B. Nemhauser
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

General Approach to the Returned Traveler Jessica K. Fairley Screening Asymptomatic Returned Travelers Michael Libman, Sapha Barkati Fever Mary Elizabeth Wilson Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Infectious Diseases Elizabeth Rabold, Jesse Waggoner Antimicrobial Resistance D. Cal Ham, Joseph Lutgring, Aditya Sharma Sexually Transmitted Infections Jodie Dionne-Odom...

Sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviour among commercial sex workers in a rural district of Malawi

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Zachariah ◽  
M P Spielmann ◽  
A D Harries ◽  
W Nkhoma ◽  
A Chantulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Targeted Interventions

In Thyolo District, Malawi, a study was conducted among commercial sex workers (CSWs) attending mobile clinics in order to; determine the prevalence and pattern of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), describe sexual behaviour among those who have an STI and identify risk factors associated with 'no condom use'. There were 1817 CSWs, of whom 448 (25%) had an STI. Of these, the commonest infections included 237 (53%) cases of abnormal vaginal discharge, 109 (24%) cases of pelvic inflammatory disease and 95 (21%) cases of genital ulcer disease (GUD). Eighty-seven per cent had sex while symptomatic, 17% without condoms. Having unprotected sex was associated with being married, being involved with commercial sex outside a known rest-house or bar, having a GUD, having fewer than two clients/day, alcohol intake and having had no prior medication for STI. The high levels of STIs, particularly GUDs, and unprotected sex underlines the importance of developing targeted interventions for CSWs and their clients.

scholarly journals Assortative mixing as a source of bias in epidemiological studies of sexually transmitted infections: the case of smoking and human papillomavirus

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 1490-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. LEMIEUX-MELLOUKI ◽  
M. DROLET ◽  
J. BRISSON ◽  
E. L. FRANCO ◽  
M.-C. BOILY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Individual Level

SUMMARYFor studies examining risk factors of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), confounding can stem from characteristics of partners of study subjects, and persist after adjustment for the subjects’ individual-level characteristics. Two conditions that can result in confounding by the subjects’ partners are: (C1) partner choice is assortative by the risk factor examined and, (C2) sexual activity is associated with the risk factor. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the potential impact of the assortativity bias in studies examining STI risk factors, using smoking and human papillomavirus (HPV) as an example. We developed an HPV transmission-dynamic mathematical model in which we nested a cross-sectional study assessing the smoking–HPV association. In our base case, we assumed (1) no effect of smoking on HPV, and (2) conditions C1–C2 hold for smoking (based on empirical data). The assortativity bias caused an overestimation of the odds ratio (OR) in the simulated study after perfect adjustment for the subjects’ individual-level characteristics (adjusted OR 1·51 instead of 1·00). The bias was amplified by a lower basic reproductive number (R0), greater mixing assortativity and stronger association of smoking with sexual activity. Adjustment for characteristics of partners is needed to mitigate assortativity bias.

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